INDEX

Adler, Friedrich, 42, 44—45, 96, 138, 142

Adler, Viktor, 172

Aesopian language, 2–3, 5, 8–10, 15, 21, 25, 29–30, 138, 218 n.31. See also censorship; cryptography

Akimov, Vladimir, 14, 196 n.23

Alexinsky, G.A., 33, 73, 151, 152, 155, 157–58, 170

anarchism, 19–20, 86, 89–91, 107, 112, 113, 178

Andreev, Leonid, 98

Andreeva, Maria, 33, 55, 60, 62, 63, 73, 77–78, 152, 159, 185

Andrikanis, N.A., 117–19

Armand, Inessa, 172

Ashley, Charles, 184

Atabekian, Alexander, 107

Avenarius, Richard, 41. See also Mach

Aexlrod, L.O., 145

Axelrod, Paul, 31, 40–41, 50, 51, 77, 104, 106, 136, 164–65, 168–69, 171

Bailes, Kendall, 195 n.7

Bakunin, Michael, 19, 54

bank robbery. See expropriation; Tiflis State Bank

Bauman, N.E., 33, 55, 73

Bax, E.Belfort, 147

Bazarov (V.A. Rudnev), 35–36, 39–40, 91, 130, 147, 157, 170

Bebel, August, 50, 51, 67, 171, 176

Belinsky, Vissarion, 53

Bellamy, Edward, 147

Berdyaev, Nikolai, 33, 36, 38–39, 64

Berkeley, Bishop George, 43

Berkman, Alexander, 178

Bernstein, Eduard, 7, 20

Besant, Annie, 147

Bloody Sunday, 49, 51, 53, 54, 60, 62, 66, 68, 73. See also Russian Revolution of 1905

Bogdanov, A.A.: as Bolshevik leader, 34–35, 40, 45–48, 49–53, 64, 66, 69–70, 73–74, 76, 78, 92, 106, 119, 121–22, 126, 132–34, 141–43, 144–45, 150–51, 153, 155–56, 158, 163, 167, 169–71, 174, 194 n.6; collectivism, 2–3, 35, 38–39, 43, 45, 63, 79–80, 97, 129–31, 133–34, 140–41, 145–46, 148, 156, 176, 185–86, 188–89; and Gorky, 78–79, 106, 108–11, 133, 138, 144, 150–53, 159–60, 167–69; and Lenin, 2–3, 33–34, 36–37, 46, 47–48, 51–53, 69–70, 76, 106, 108–10, 122, 125–27, 129, 133–43, 144–45, 150–53, 158, 170, 194–95 nn.6–7, 197 n.9; philosophy of science, 30, 41–42, 45, 127, 129–32, 135–36, 139—40, 148, 186; revisions of Marx, 1, 29, 82, 126–28, 130–32, 134–36, 148; after Revolution of 1917, 185–86, 190; socialist philosophy, 37—38; writings, 36–39, 73, 82, 97, 109, 127–30, 132, 144, 148, 169, 170, 179

Bologna, Italy, 157–59, 162–63

Bolshelviks and Bolshevism: arms and militarism, 62, 70–72, 112–13, 124, 154; collectivism, 35, 53, 79–80, 97, 126–27, 129, 133–34, 138, 145–49, 157, 189; finances, 3, 47–48, 49, 52–53, 55, 56–57, 59–61, 63, 77–79, 83, 101, 103–4, 106–7, 110, 112–19, 121, 123–24, 154–55, 157, 158, 162, 164–67, 195 n.7; and Leninism, 1–4, 48, 127, 132–33, 143,145, 160, 166–67, 192 nn.1–2; and Mensheviks, 5, 6, 46, 48, 50–51, 66, 67, 70, 103, 106, 130; myth and authority, 1–4, 6–7, 19, 28, 30–31, 64, 94, 96–97, 138–39, 141, 189, 191; origin and composition of party, 1, 5, 26, 45–48, 81, 83, 153–54; parliamentarianism, 70, 73, 75–76, 77, 82–84, 103–4, 112, 120, 122, 141—42, 145, 169, 182; political division, 47–48, 49–50, 65, 66, 69–70, 73, 75–76, 84–85, 106–7, 108–11, 119–24, 125–26, 130, 132–37, 139–43, 144,150–55, 160–61, 162, 164, 167–69, 171, 194–95 nn.6–7; publishing, 18–19, 23, 25–27, 48, 57, 69–70, 101, 108 (see also specific journals); revolutionary theories, 2, 3–4, 19–20, 149; and Revolution of 1905, 49–50, 60–61, 64–65, 66, 73–75, 76, 77, 79–90, 176; in Soviet official history, 2, 35, 69, 192 n.l, 193 n.5, 205 n.33, 207 n.60; syndicalism, 23–24, 84–85, 92–93, 100–2, 104, 108, 135, 148–49, 151–52, 158, 174, 193 n.4. See also Communist International; Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party; Russian Communist Party

Boltzmann, Ludwig, 140

Bonch-Bruevich, V.D., 3, 21, 23–28, 40, 46, 47, 57, 69, 189

Braun, Adolf, 31

Bronstein, L.D. See Trotsky

Brusnec, M.I., 61

Buddhism, 44–45

Bund, 15, 77, 81

Bukharin, Nikolai, 176, 178, 179, 181, 186–87

Burenin, N.E., 16, 72, 77

Capri, 109–11, 144, 150–53, 157

censorship, 5–6, 8–11, 16–19, 21, 24–25, 76, 126, 137, 173, 195 n.10

Chaliapin, Fedor, 110

Chernov, Victor, 90

Chernyshevsky, N.G., 7, 10, 14–15

Christianity, 21–22, 23, 25–27, 53–54, 58, 63–64, 94, 134–35, 148

ciphers. See cryptography

Classon, R.E., 61

codes, prison, 8, 11–12. See also cryptography

collectivism: Bolshevik supporters, 99–102, 133, 147–49; definition, 3, 38–39, 146; Lenin’s opinion of, 99, 133, 145–46; after Revolution of 1917, 185–86, 188–90; and religion, 39, 99—100, 146–49; and science, 43, 45, 91–92, 99, 129, 146, 186. See also syndicalism

Communist International (Comintern), 103, 177–79, 181–84, 193 n.4

Communist Workers’ Party of Germany, 181–82

cryptography, 5–16, 51

Curie, Marie, 42

Dan, Fedor, 84, 192 n.2

Daniels, Robert V., 193 n.4

Darwinism, 99

Dauge, P.G., 33, 46, 68, 96–97, 136

Deborin, A.M., 132

De la Haille, George Ducos, 165, 168, 169, 171

De Leon, Daniel, 89, 103, 182

Dietzgen, Joseph, 93–98, 99, 130

Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 54

Dubrovinsky, I.F., 111, 136, 152, 153, 156

Duma, 73, 75, 78, 82, 83, 84, 91, 103–4, 112, 145, 168, 169

Economism, 7, 32

Einstein, Albert, 29, 41–43, 44

Elizarova, Anna, 13–14, 32–33, 137, 154

emigres, Russian, 7, 22, 23, 26, 32, 37, 51, 105–7, 132, 145, 154, 173

empirocriticism. See science, philosophy of

Engels, Friedrich, 19–20

Essen, A.M., 50

expropriation, 75, 82, 83, 104, 106–8, 112–16, 122–23, 154, 158, 168

Fainsod, Merle, 194 n.6

Fedorov, N.F., 98

Fels, Joseph, 82, 112

Feuerbach, Ludwig, 146

Fischer, Louis, 194 n.6

Fotieva, L.A., 15

France, 85–87, 142, 159

Friche, V.A., 40, 68, 91, 147

Gapon, Father Georgi, 51, 54–56, 64–65, 71–72, 99

Geneva, 105–6

Germany. See Communist Workers’ Party of Germany; Socialist Party of Germany god building. See religion

Goldman, Emma, 178

Goloshchekin, F.I., 166

Gorky, Maxim: and Bogdanov, 78–79, 106, 108–11, 132, 133, 138, 144, 150–53, 159–60, 167–69; Capri school, 143, 144–45, 150–53, 155, 159; collectivism, 3, 79–80, 100–1, 109, 146–48; financial contributions, 3, 26, 33, 52–53, 55–57, 70, 76–79, 89, 110, 160; and Lenin, 47, 52, 56, 77, 101, 105, 106, 108, 109–11, 137–38, 147, 156, 159–60, 167, 169, 171, 173–74; philosophy, 23, 56, 57–58, 66, 159; political activities, 55–56, 59, 60–61, 73, 78–79; writings, 21, 54—55, 56–57, 70, 101, 173

Gorter, Hermann, 97, 153, 178

Gramsci, Antonio, 35

Gregor, A.J., 190

Grille, Dietrich, 192 n.l

Gumplowicz, Ludwig, 190

Haeckel, Ernst, 21, 146

Haupt, Georges, 194 n.6

Haywood, Bill, 89, 103

Heller, A.M., 183

Helphand, Alexander. See Parvus

Holland, 153, 178, 181, 183

Huysmans, Camille, 112, 169

Ignatiev, A.M., 118–19, 145, 185

individualism, 36, 38–40, 43–45, 58, 131–32, 146–47, 149, 187, 188–90

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 88–89, 95, 174, 181–82, 184

International Socialist Bureau (ISB), 67, 70, 103, 109, 111–12, 136, 145, 153, 168–69, 171–72

Italy, 87–88, 158

Izgoev, A.I., 98–99

Iskra, 5, 6, 21, 23–26, 31–33, 37, 46, 48, 50, 52, 55, 59, 107

Jews. See Bund

Jogisches, Leo, 164

Kalinin, F.I., 158, 163, 164

Kalmykova, A.M., 21

Kamenev, L.B., 133, 163, 164, 166, 172

Kamo, 34–35, 75, 82, 113, 114–16, 167, 185,190

Kant, Emmanuel, 36

KAPD. See Communist Workers’ Party of Germany

Karpinsky, V.A., 145

Kautsky, Karl, 1, 32, 35–36, 50, 51, 63–64, 67, 95, 97, 135, 141–42, 154, 158–59, 163, 164–66, 167, 168–69, 171, 172, 173–74, 176

Kerr, Charles, 95

Kline, George, 192 n.3

Koestler, Arthur, 12, 144

Kollontai, Alexandra, 99

Kommissarzhevskaya, Vera, 62

Krasin, L.B., 1, 26, 34, 49–52, 55, 59, 60–63, 66, 70–72, 75, 77–79, 107, 113–14, 115, 119, 120, 123, 129, 167, 189–90

Kronstadt uprising, 186–87

Kropotkin, Peter, 12, 112, 178, 179

Krumbugel, L.O., 137–38

Krupskaya, N.K., 8, 9, 12–16, 28, 33, 46, 47, 51, 52, 67, 73, 103, 105, 111, 126, 170–71

Krzhizhanovsky, Yurii, 55

Kuklin, G.A., 21–22, 23–24, 26, 28, 40

Labriola, Arturo, 87, 92–93, 96, 100, 102

Ladyzhnikov, I.P., 26, 57, 110

Lagardelle, Hubert, 22, 86–87, 100

Lavrov, Peter, 53–54

Lbov, 123–24

Le Dantec, Felix, 99

Lenin, V.I.: authoritarianism, 2, 29, 30–32, 34, 37, 40–41, 64–65, 82, 127, 175—76, 184; and Bogdanov, 2–3, 33–34, 36–37, 46, 47–48, 51–53, 69–70, 76, 106, 108–10, 122, 125–27, 129, 133–43, 144–45, 150–53, 158, 170, 194–95 nn.6–7, 197 n.9; as Bolshevik leader, 28, 37, 40, 45–48, 50–51, 62, 67, 70, 73, 75–76, 82–85, 102–3, 112, 119, 122–23, 141—43, 144–45, 150–56, 160–61, 162–63, 166–68, 172, 173–74, 192 n.2; censorship, 8, 10, 18, 76, 126, 137, 173; and collectivism, 138–41, 145, 186,189; cryptographer, 11–16; cult of, 4, 28, 63, 188–89, 192 n.l; exile, 6–7, 18, 33, 51, 66, 101, 103, 105–7, 126, 156, 172–73; finances, 22, 23–24, 49, 52, 70, 101, 111–12, 122–23, 154, 157, 163–69, 171–72, 185; and Gorky, 47, 52, 56, 77, 101, 105, 106, 108, 109–11, 137–38, 147, 156, 159–60, 167, 169, 171, 173–74; Leninism, 1, 48, 127, 132–33, 143, 145, 166–67, 191, 192 n.l; materialism and science, 3, 29–30, 41–12, 45, 96–97, 111, 125, 133–36, 138–40, 157; publishing ventures, 23, 25–26, 31, 34, 37, 40, 46, 52–53, 76, 105, 173–74, 199 n.32; revolutionary theory, 2, 6–7, 14–15, 19, 66–67, 75–76, 81–82, 84, 92; as Soviet leader, 176–79, 181, 185, 187–191; and Stalin, 119–21, 142, 155; and syndicalism, 22, 23, 81–82, 84, 92, 101–2, 125, 135, 168, 174–76, 178–83, 180, 182–83, 186–87, 191, 220 n.25; writing style, 5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 28, 64, 126, 180

—writings: After Twelve Years, 126; Development of Capitalism in Russia, The, 6, 10–11, 126; Imperialism, 16, 173–74; Left-Wing Communism, 4, 177, 179–83, 184, 220 n.25; Materialism and Empirocriticism, 15, 30, 121, 122–23, 125, 136–41, 145, 156, 177, 182, 194 n.6; One Step Forward, Two Steps Back, 31, 40–41; Renegade Kautsky, The, 174; State and Revolution, 23, 174; Two Tactics of Social Democracy in the Democratic Revolution, 66; What Is to Be Done?, 6, 14–15, 32, 34, 48, 126, 140

Leone, Enrico, 87

Lepeshinsky, P.N.. 46

Liadov, M.N., 33, 46, 55, 64, 151, 157–58

Litvinov, Maxim, 72, 112–13, 115–16, 172

Lunacharsky, A.V., 10, 36, 39–40, 46, 63–65, 82, 84, 97, 99–102, 105, 109–11, 130–32, 141, 146–49, 151–53, 157–59, 163, 170–71, 174, 176, 189–90

Luxemburg, Rosa, 4, 102, 105, 162, 163, 165

Mach, Ernst, and Machism, 29–30, 34, 39–45, 91–92, 96–97, 120, 127, 129–32, 135–36, 139–40

Makhno, Nestor, 178

Makhnovets, V.P. See Akimov

Maliantovich, P.N., 78

Malinovsky, A.A. See Bogdanov

Malinovsky, R.V., 166, 169, 171

Mandelshtam. See Liadov

Manuilsky, D.Z., 164

Marat. See Shantser

Marchlewski, Julian, 56

Martens, Ludwig, 113

Martov, Yu. O., 106, 145, 154, 185

Marx, Karl, 8, 10, 125–26

Marxism, 7, 19, 29, 38, 41, 44, 85, 127, 134–36. See also specific Marxist parties, theories, and movements.

Medvedev, Roy, 193–94 n.5

Mehring, Franz, 154, 165

Mensheviks and Menshevism, 5, 6, 25, 31, 34, 37, 40–41, 46–47, 48, 50–51, 52, 66, 67, 70, 73, 75, 77, 81, 84, 91, 103–4, 106–7, 112, 115, 119, 122, 130, 132–33, 134, 136, 138, 154–55, 156, 157, 160–61, 162, 165, 166, 168, 172, 175, 192 n.2

Menzhinsky, Vladimir, 158

Miagkov, E.D., 69, 76

Mikhailov, M.A., 117

modernism, 134–35, 189

Monatte, Pierre, 86

Moor, Karl, 165

Morozov, S.T., 58–63, 77—79

Mussolini, Benito, 88, 188, 190–91

myth. See religion

Novomirsky, D.I., 90–91

October Manifesto, 17, 73, 75

Okhrana, 32, 50, 55, 62, 78, 79, 103, 111, 113, 114–16, 123, 126, 143, 149, 152, 153, 154–55, 158, 166, 171

Old Believers, 21–22, 24–25, 48, 49, 53, 58

Olminsky, M.S., 185

Ordzhonikidze, Sergo, 166

Orwell, George, 188

Ostwald, Wilhelm, 42–43

Pannekoek, Anton, 95, 122, 153, 178

Parvus (Alexander Helphand), 31, 56–57, 173

Pascal, Blaise, 7

physics, 6, 29–30, 41—44, 59, 132, 140. See also science

Piatnitsky, K.P., 26, 78

Plekhanov, G.V., 1, 10, 21, 23, 31, 41, 54, 70, 77, 91–93, 96–97, 102, 103, 106, 131, 133–36, 145–46, 160–61, 163, 172, 195 n.10

Pocket Dictionary of Foreign Words, 10

Pokrovsky, M.N., 33, 68, 142, 150, 158, 163, 173–74

Posse, V.A., 19, 21–24, 25

Pravda, 37, 39–40, 45, 143, 153, 170

Proletarian Culture (Proletkult), 176, 185–86

Proletarii, 67, 69–70, 83, 103, 105–6, 109, 119, 121, 141, 142–43, 144, 145, 151, 154

Proudhon, Pierre, 19 Rabochii, 69–70

Rappaport, Charles, 172

Reade, Winwood, 146–47

religion and myth, socialist, 3, 6, 19, 20, 29–30, 35–36, 39, 45, 57–58, 63–65, 84–86, 91, 93–100, 111, 131, 146–49, 177, 189, 193–94 n.5. See also Christianity; Old Believers

Renan, Ernst, 64

Riazanov, David, 163

Roentgen, Wilhelm, 42

Roland-Holst, Henriette, 97, 153, 178

Romains, Jules, 64

Rozhkov, N.A., 33, 68, 99

RSDRP. See Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party

Rudnev, V.A. See Bazarov

Russian Communist Party (RKP), 175, 179, 181, 187

Russian Ministry of the Interior, 17

Russian Orthodox Church, 17, 189

Russian Populism, 6–7, 10–11, 24, 32, 54

Russian Revolution of 1905, 17, 29, 48, 49, 50–51, 53, 54, 60, 62, 64–65, 66–68, 71–76, 81, 89, 98, 176

Russian Revolution of 1917, 174–78, 181, 185, 188

Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDRP): central committee, 26, 46, 51, 57, 61–62, 69, 77, 117, 122, 153–54, 158, 163, 164, 166; communication, 14–16, 51; Fifth Congress (London), 81–83, 92, 111–12; finances, 50–52, 55, 56–57, 59–62, 67–70, 73, 77, 79, 83, 112, 117, 154, 162, 164–66, 168, 171–72, 173; Kursk committee, 9; library, 25–26, 28, 145, 160; Long Plenum, 153–55, 162; Moscow committee, 32–33, 46, 52, 60, 62–63, 68–69, 73, 74, 83, 117, 150–51; organization, 5, 6, 31, 67, 81, 82, 83, 141, 150, 153, 160–61, 164, 166–67, 172; Paris conference, 141; Prague conference, 166–67; publishing, 25–26, 31, 46–47, 57, 67–70, 73, 170 (see also specific journals); St. Petersburg committee, 83; Second Congress (Brussels and London), 25, 34, 46; Fourth Congress (Stockholm), 75–76, 108; Third Congress (London), 51, 60, 62, 67–68, 107–8; Tver committee, 15, 16, 58; Zimmerwald conference, 173. See also Bolsheviks; Mensheviks

Russo-Japanese War, 25, 37, 46, 71–72

Rutgers, S.J., 178, 181

Rutherford, Ernest, 42

Saltykov-Shchedrin, M.E., 5

Savelev, I.I., 35

Savinkov, Boris, 98

Schapiro, Leonard, 192 n.l, 195 n.7

Scheibert, Peter, 194

Scherrer, Jutta, 193 n.5

Schmidt, Ekaterina, 60, 74, 117–19

Schmidt, Elizabeth, 117–19, 167, 168

Schmidt, N.P., 60–61, 68, 73–75, 78–79, 107; inheritance, 75, 117–19, 154, 165–68

science fiction, 38, 109, 126, 128–29, 169, 194 n.6

science, philosophy of, 6, 21, 29–30, 36, 39–45, 93, 95, 127–29, 131–33, 138–40. See also Mach

Second International, 47, 101–3, 166, 172–73

self-sacrifice, 3–4, 30–31, 53–54, 56, 58, 61, 63, 81, 86, 147, 148–49, 188, 191

Shantser, V.L., 33, 68, 69, 73, 74, 163

Shaumian, Stepan, 121—22

Shklovsky, G.L., 165

Shliapnikov, Alexander, 186–87

Shuliatikov, V.M., 40, 68, 132, 133, 147

Skvortsov, I.I., 33, 35–36, 68

Socialist Party of Germany (SPD), 50, 51, 67, 103, 122, 142, 154, 162, 164–66, 168, 171–72

Social Revolutionary party, 55, 66, 68, 69, 90, 112, 113, 115, 175

Sokolov, A.V. See Volsky, Stanislav Soloviev, Vladimir, 98

Sorel, Georges, 19, 20–21, 85–87, 91, 131, 158, 177, 178–79, 205 n.33

Souvarine, Boris, 192 n.l

Spandarian, S.S., 166

Stalin, Joseph, 4, 48, 75, 107, 119–21, 142, 155, 166, 189–91, 193–94 n.5

Stasova, E.D., 180

Stepanov. See Skvortsov

Stolypin, P.A., 18, 82, 83, 103

Strelsky, P., 90

strikes: in Europe, 7, 23, 86–87; general, 2, 20, 22–23, 38, 66, 72–73, 75, 81, 84, 85, 87, 89–91, 99, 102; in Russia, 17, 25, 58, 62, 66, 72–73, 74–75, 81, 83, 100, 120, 172, 179; in the United States, 88–89. See also syndicalism

Struve, P.B., 10, 21, 91

Suvorov, S., 39

syndicalism: and Bolsheviks, 23–24, 38, 84–85, 92–93, 100–2, 104, 108, 135, 148–49, 151–52, 158, 174, 177, 184, 193 n.4; in Europe, 20–23, 81, 85–88, 102, 141–42, 158–59, 177–78, 181; Lenin’s opinion of, 22, 81, 84, 92, 101–2, 168, 174—76, 178–83; after Revolution, 176–79, 181–87, 189–90, 205 n.33, 207 n.60; in Russia, 89–91. See also collectivism; strikes

Taratuta, V.K., 117–19, 122, 145, 154–55, 165, 167

Ter-Petrosyan, S.A. See Kamo

Third International. See Communist International Thompson, J.J., 42

Tiflis State Bank robbery, 103–4, 106–7, 109, 114–16, 123, 154–55, 167

Tkachev, P.N., 7

Tolstoyism, 13, 21, 24

totalitarianism, 190–91

Trotsky, Leon, 4, 34, 46, 57, 143, 145, 151, 153, 158, 168, 184

Tsiurupa, A.D., 55

Tskhakaya, M.G., 107, 113, 119–22

Ulyanov, Alexander, 6, 7, 28

Ulyanov, V.I. See Lenin

Ulyanova, Anna. See Elizarova

United States, 76–79, 88–89, 95, 103, 178

Untermann, Ernst, 95, 97

Valentinov. See Volsky, N.V.

Vilonov, N.E., 149–51, 152, 156

Vinck, Emile, 165

Vologda province, 32–34, 36–37, 39

Volsky, N.V., 34, 41, 46, 130, 133

Volsky, Stanislav, 33, 67, 68, 73, 74, 83, 108, 149, 151, 157–58

Vorovsky, V.V., 33 Vpered, 26, 48, 51–53, 55, 64–65, 67, 69, 153, 155–59, 163, 164, 169–71, 173, 194 n.6

Walling, William, 83–84

Webb, Sidney, 147

Wijnkoop, D.J., 183

Witte, Sergei, 73

Wolfe, Bertram, 10

Workers’ Opposition movement, 186–87

World War I, 172–74, 175

Zamiatin, Evgenii, 189

Zasulich, Vera, 10, 54

Zetkin, Klara, 154, 164–68, 171, 173

Zgraggen, Karl, 165, 171

Zhitomirsky, Ya.A., 116

Zhizn’, 21–25

Zilliacus, Konni, 71–72

Zinoviev, G.E., 163, 166, 172, 181, 182–83, 184