INDEX

Abduction, 27, 52, 60, 68, 164

Abstraction: degrees of, 25, 31-34, 37, 41-43, 85; as spatial remoteness, 45, 122; precisive vs hypostatic, 49, 50, 51, 65, 66, 67, 79, 80; in oxymoron, 115; in semantic growth, 142, 150, 156

Actuality: in Secondness, 5, 10, 11, 14, 111; as Index, 10; linguistic, 10, 47, 51, 55, 78, 97; as “event,” 11; as brute force, 11; as tension, 11, 97; vs Possibility, 34; as existence, 108; semantic category of, 120, 122

Analogical metaphor: vs metaicon, 20, 26, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 46; within metaicon, 35, 36, 46, 91, 92; vs imaginal metaphor, 35, 36, 40, 41, 42, 44, 78, 90, 153, 161; frequent in speech, 36; irreversible, 40, 43-45, 46, 84, 86; asymmetry of, 45, 46, 84-86; containing metaphoric image, 79; in rebus messages, 156. See also Analogy; Degenerate metaphor; Diagram

Analogy: as basic law of thought, 4, 152; explicit vs implicit, 12, 13, 84; as Peircean diagram, 19, 22, 24, 25, 32, 33, 36, 38; vs. genuine metaphor, 20, 22, 26, 36; as degenerate metaphor, 24, 25, 35, 39, 40, 43, 45, 67, 87, 151; abstractness of, 26, 42; ornamental vs revelatory, 32, 39; in synesthesia, 42; dyadic nature of, 75; mentioned, 30, 35, 39, 41, 44, 46, 49, 56-58, 59, 64, 68, 69, 77-79, 85, 90, 91, 92, 94, 97, 104, 107, 114, 143, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 161, 164, 166. See also Analogical metaphor; Degenerate metaphor; Diagram

Anomaly: vs metaphor, 15, 102, 134, 135; as crossing of conceptual boundary, 106; as possible metaphor, 134

Archetype. See Metaicon

Being: Peirce’s Theory of, 5, 117, 119, 120; semantic category of, 120, 127; revelation of, as final cause, 153

Boundaries: related to Categories, 106; Conceptual, 106, 107-111, 113, 114, 129, 130; Existential, 106, 108, 109, 110, 113, 129, 130, 131; Conventional, 106, 109-112; erasure of, 106, 128; redundancy of, 111; ordering of, 118; reality of, 118; natural fuzziness of, 123; persistence of, 125

Categories (Peircean): parallel to sign types, 5, 10-12; related to definition of metaphor, 9-10; related to kinds of boundaries, 104-106; mentioned, 62, 111, 120, 127

Categories (semantic): spatial orientation of, 45; implicit, 116; binary division of, 118-119; as contiguous, 122-125; predictable “fuzziness” of, 123; sequence of, 125, 142; hierarchical redundancy of, 130; displacement across, 130, 166; in language acquisition, 151; mentioned, 129, 132, 133, 134, 147, 149

Causation. See Efficient cause; Final cause

Classes: natural, 26; purposive, 26; vagueness of, 26. See also Categories (semantic)

Comparison theory, 21, 53

Conceptual boundary. See Boundaries

Consciousness: as part of semeiosis, 5; related to acutality, 11; growth of, 146, 148, 166, 167; vs awareness, 147, 164; based on spatial metaphor, 167, 168

Continuity: Peirce’s doctrine of, 123; in the sign system, 150

Convention: literary and linguistic, 14; symbols related to, 14; as example of Thirdness, 49; egocentrism of, 110

Conventional boundary. See Boundaries

Cross-predication: in definition of metaphor, 9, 10, 12, 14; as metaphoric interaction, 11; mentioned, 125, 143

Dead metaphor: moribund, 79, 84; resurrection of, 81, 82; among ideograms, 156; mentioned, 106, 141, 165

Degenerate metaphor: defined, 35; illustrated, 40; mentioned, 24, 25, 39, 43, 45, 67, 87, 151. See also Analogy; Analogical metaphor; Diagram; Image; Imaginal metaphor

Diagram: as dyadic, 19, 33, 51, 75; vs. metaicon, 20-22, 24-27, 32-39, 42, 43, 45, 82, 83, 86, 92; vs image, 20-22, 24-27, 32-39, 42, 43, 45, 78, 152, 159; as analogy, 24, 25, 33, 42, 78, 79, 82, 84, 88; inclusive of image, 25, 42, 78-81, 88, 94; within metaicon, 25, 43, 77, 82, 86, 88, 93-95, 94; as geometer’s creation, 29; as second Firstness, 33; asymmetry of, 45, 84, 84-86, 148; complements metaicon, 46, 82, 84, 87; irreversible, 46, 84-87; as metaphorical hypothesis, 74, 75; complements image, 78, 79; transitory growth of, 86; overreacting of, 87; extension of, 89, 93, 155; as provided by context, 107; interlocking, 114; in semantic growth, 152, 158; in final causation, 153; as Peirce’s typical icon, 153; role in semantic distinctions, 153; as “syntax” of iconicity, 154; in rebus messages, 155, 156; dependence on index, 159, 162; phonological, 162; mentioned, 90, 109, 128, 135, 143, 144, 153, 157, 160, 161, 163, 168. See also Analogy; Analogical metaphor; Degenerate metaphor

Displacement. See Figural displacement

Dissimilarity (species): as element of metaphor, 8, 11, 14, 99, 100-102; meaning of, 100; in relation to similarity, 100, 101; immediacy of, 104; mentioned, 102, 116, 118. See also Tension (semantic)

Dynamic Interpretant: wide range of, 6, 105; as stage of metaphoric semeiosis, 17, 48

Efficient cause: vs Final cause, 34, 160; of iconic growth, 144

Emotional Interpretant, 6

Energetic Interpretant, 6

Existential boundary. See Boundaries

Figural displacement: as a sign in itself, 17; result of vehicle interpretation, 17; as Keats’ Negative Capability, 112; as semantic index, 117-118, 135; between semantic categories, 127; degrees of, 128; iconic force of, 134; as chaotic in surrealism, 139

Final cause: as rule of metaphoric growth, 12, 34, 148-163; in evolution, 26, 144; as present possibility, 34, 68; vs backward causation, 34; as general type, 38, 40, 149; as metaicon, 81, 95, 148-163; vs conscious purpose, 145; vs. efficient causation, 160

Final Interpretant: as last stage of interpretation, 6; and metaphoric truth, 17; of radical vs conservative tropes, 105; mentioned, 48, 61, 98

Firstness: subsuming possibility, 5, 7, 111; antecedence of, 11, 52, 65, 66, 67; different modes of, 19, 23, 33, 36, 51, 75, 78, 81, 82, 84; generality of. (vs. thirds), 33; subsuming Quality, 49, 51; Peirce’s definition of, 51; of metaphoric similarity, 51, 52, 57, 62, 65, 67; of aesthetic experience, 51, 57, 62; known through Secondness and Thirdness, 57, 62, 67; includes more than sense qualities, 62; independence of, 66; vs Hegelian synthesis, 67; universal, 119; mentioned, 47, 76, 77, 97, 121, 122, 127, 134, 135

Focus interpretation: vs vehicle interpretation, 13, 17, 18; mentioned, 47, 77, 97, 98, 135

Haiku: implied metaphor in, 3; semantic tension in, 4

Hierarchy: of hypoicons, 34-36, 42, 81, 88; of lexical classifications, 44; of icons in complex metaphor, 117; as master boundaries, 118, 126; redundancy relations of, 122; predictable vagueness of, 122; persistence of, 124; left-branching, 127; psychological reality of, 127; anthropocentricism of, 127; disruption of, 139; as goal of semantic growth, 142, 150; of semantic species, 165; mentioned, 45, 77, 112, 119, 123, 125, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 146, 151, 159

Hieroglyphics, 154, 156

Hypoicons: defined, 19, 20, 21, 54; classified, 19, 22-27, 32-39, 36, 39, 81; hierarchy of, 34-36, 34, 42, 88, 96; as developmental sequence, 36, 144, 148, 152, 154, 157, 159; mentioned, 5-7, 51, 77, 96, 153, 155, 158. See also Diagram; Image; Metaicon

Hypostatic abstraction. See Abstraction

Hypothesis. See Abduction

Icon: as possibility, 10, 19, 54; as ground of metaphor, 9-10, 53-56, 61; vs symbol and index, 14, 35; as object of metaphoric index, 15-17, 89, 91, 93; as Figural vehicle, 15, 47; as abstract, 16; vs Iconic sign, 19, 21; epitomized in metaphor, 20; identical in metaphor and simile, 21; hierarchy of, 22-25, 33-35, 41, 42, 77, 159; self-signifying, 23, 24; reality of, 25, 26; antecedent form of, 26, 27, 55; levels of, 26, 34, 35, 41, 42, 81, 85, 90, 152; vagueness of in metaphor, 32; in symbols, 35, 157; reversible, 39, 40; commerce of (in metaiconic relations), 46; as revealer of truth, 41, 54, 74; embodying Firstness, 57; naturalness of, 57, 67; independence of, 67; as derived from hypostatic object, 79, 80; in algebraic formula, 84; fragmentary, 84, 85; concreteness of, 85; typological, 88-89; within another icon, 91; in stanzaic structure, 96; as primal core of Symbol, 157, 159; mentioned, 5, 6, 7, 8, 18, 31, 43, 45, 48, 49, 50, 60, 62, 75, 78, 83, 87, 92, 95, 97, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105, 106, 107, 111-115, 117, 118, 133-138, 140, 144, 146, 148, 151, 153, 154, 158, 160-165, See also Diagram; Image; Metaicon; Similarity

Idealism (objective): Peirce’s theory of, 113, 145, 146, 164

Ideas: reality of, 54, 119; actualization of, 68; degrees of persistence, 68, 120; as possessor of the soul, 72; in possession of the soul, 75

Ideogram, 156, 157, 159, 160

Image: in haiku, 3-4; as simplest icon, 16, 19, 33, 148, 155; vs metaicon, 19-22, 25-27, 32-39, 46, 77, 82, 83, 86, 87; vs diagram, 19-22, 25-27, 32-39, 40-42, 44, 77, 78, 81, 86, 87, 153, 161; within diagram, 25, 26, 42, 78, 79, 80, 88, 94; within metaicon, 27, 36, 43, 46, 77, 82, 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 94; as degenerate metaphor, 35; irreversible, 38, 40, 43-45, 46, 84, 86; asymmetry of, 44-46, 85-86; sensory immediacy of, 46, 49, 77, 78, 79, 82, 88, 90; in semantic growth, 86, 157, 158; overreading of, 87; mentioned, 15, 29, 93, 109, 112-114, 135, 136, 137, 143, 144, 151, 152, 154, 159, 160, 162, 163, 166. See also Degenerate metaphor; Imaginal metaphor

Imaginal metaphor: vs “imagistic,” 33; frequent in conversation, 36. See also Degenerate metaphor; Image

Immediate Interpretant, 6, 16, 99

Index: as dyadic, 10; related to Actuality, 10; causes interaction, 10, 53, 57; as element of metaphor, 10, 103, 164; as Figural tension, 14, 15, 17, 53, 57, 97; indicates icon, 14-17, 97, 98, 111, 112; vs Symbol and Icon, 14, 35; as species dissimilarity, 14, 100, 151; contains icon, 15, 53; shapes icon, 16, 98, 111; within symbol, 35, 53; immediacy of, 104; role in reader initiation, 111; as jarring in modern poetry, 112; iconic force of, 115, 135, 137, 145; symmetrical patterning of, 135, 137; in consciousness, 147, 148; in iconic asymmetry, 148; mentioned, 5, 6-8, 13, 18, 19-21, 29, 36, 54, 101, 106, 107, 108, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 123, 128, 131, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140, 157-159, 161, 162, 170

Indexical Hypothesis, 17, 98

Interaction: essential to metaphor, 11; lacking in simile, 13; theory of, 21, 53

Interpretant: Energetic, 6; Logical, 6; defined, 6; Emotional, 6; Immediate, 6, 16, 99; Final, 6, 17, 48, 61, 98, 105; Dynamic, 6, 17, 48, 105; dependent on sign-object distance, 111; mentioned, 13, 18, 91, 104

Isomorphism: vs “isosensism,” 22-23; concrete vs abstract, 25; reality of, 25, 26; diagrammatic vs metaiconic, 32, 33; of sign trichotomies, 35; between mind and nature, 67, 148, 160, 166; mentioned, 24, 59, 60, 88

Law: in Thirdness, 5, 12; governing cross-predication, 10; as Symbol, 10, 14; in growth, 12; as iconic type, 32-34, 43, 46, 81, 82, 93; in creation, 81-82; as ground of metaicon, 92, 93, 96; mentioned, 4, 61, 70, 84-87, 89, 94, 140, 144, 153, 160, 161, 165

Logic: of Vagueness, 26, 163; as Semeiotic, 27; Whatley’s Elements of, 30; Dictionary of (Peirce MS 145), 143

Logical Interpretant, 6

Man-Symbol metaphor. See Symbol-Man metaphor

Map of metaphor, 104, 132-133

Metaicon: term defined, 20, 88; vs image and diagram, 22, 25, 33, 36, 38-40, 43; subsumes images and diagrams, 22, 34, 35, 43, 77, 82, 88; as archetype, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 43, 46, 77, 81-83, 86, 144, 146, 160, 161, 166; as metaphoricity, 26, 151, 152; generality of, 27, 33, 36; vagueness of, 27, 83; as possible law, 33, 34, 83, 90, 92, 94; as third firstness, 33, 36, 38, 81; as final cause, 34, 40, 81, 82, 84, 144, 148, 159; as irresistible, 34, 83; as iconic possibility, 34, 154; universality of, 36; as master metaphor, 36, 40, 81; generative potential of, 36, 46, 82, 84, 87, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162; as prototype of Symbol, 36, 84, 144, 157-164; reversibility of, 38, 40, 43-46, 83-88, 90-91, 93, 96, 137-138, 168; illustrated in Peirce’s Man-Symbol metaphor, 38-40, 46, 158; as congruence, 38, 83, 88; symmetry of, 40-46, 83-89, 96, 137, 146, 168; epistemic advantage of, 44; complemented by images gold diagrams, 46; as perennial, 82, 84, 165; actualization of, 82, 160; as algebra of poetry, 83, 86; growth of as system, 85; controlling semantic growth, 85, 152; power to shape world view, 86; universality of, 90; misreading of, 87, 92; as suggested by indexical patterning, 137; in rebus message, 156; as efficient cause once codified, 161; mentioned, 74, 75, 95, 114, 135, 142, 143, 145, 149, 153, 163, 167

Metonymy: vs metaphor, 12-13; in cultural evolution, 13; as underlying metaphor, 13; in linguistic change, 13, 142; role of in growth of ideograms, 156; mentioned, 99

Mind: as part of universal semeiosis, 5; as channel of actualization, 47, 54, 55, 57, 67, 68, 72; attuned to reality, 52; as type and token, 146; scope of, as predicate, 147; cultural conceptions of, 147, 149

Model: vs metaphor, 30, 52-60

Objective idealism (Peirce’s theory), 113, 145, 146, 164

Onomatopoeia, 152, 161

Orthography, 144, 152, 155-157, 159

Oxymoron: as radical trope, 105; as conceptual boundary crossing, 114; as culmination of indexical pattern, 114; as circling paradox in Keats, 136; mentioned, 80, 115. See also Paradox

Paradox: as element of metaphor, 17, 107; circular, 136; mentioned, 34, 66, 69, 71, 80, 99, 106, 108, 111, 114, 120, 121. See also Oxymoron; Tension

Personification: in religious metaphor, 28; asymmetry of, 45; as objective idealism, 146; mentioned, 24

Pictogram, 155, 156, 159, 160

Platonism, 5, 108, 119, 120, 138

Possibility: Firstness of, 5, 111, 122; in Icon, 10, 17, 154; as antecedent reality, 10, 34, 35, 122; vs actuality, 19, 34, 122; Irresistible, 34, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75-77, 82, 83, 120; in final causation, 34, 149; Positive, 51, 52, 57, 66, 69, 70, 72, 75, 76, 77; different kinds of, 68-73, 77, 120, 154; Paradoxical, 69, 71, 106; Negative, 69, 71, 73, 108, 121; determinate vs indeterminate, 82; Formal Logical, 106, 107; implies relation to existence, 119; Metaphysical (vs Mere), 120; mentioned, 11, 12, 16, 42, 46, 47, 54, 56, 59, 63, 64, 65, 74, 81, 97, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 116, 123, 124, 127, 144, 163

Precisive abstraction. See Abstraction

Predication: vs parataxis, 113, 114; up vs. down, 129-132; hyponymic vs. general, 129-132; syntactic variety of, 132; inward vs. outward, 136

Quality: as First Firstness, 19, 51; in imagery, 33, 49, 62; as monadic, 48, 63; immediacy of, 49; as unanalyzable, 57; as self-evident beauty, 57; linguistic codification of, 62, 65; as object of discovery, 62, 65; infinity of, 67

Realism (philosophical): in Peirce’s theory of being, 5; Peirce’s progress towards, 31, 33; implications of, 47; mentioned, 7, 140

Reality: as potentiality, 27; as special mode of Being, 47; as persistence of idea, 68; grades of, 68; as fragment of ideal world, 108

Reasonableness: as archetype of human reason, 32, 46; as God, 40; as ground of Man-Symbol metaphor, 40; Universal, 40, 146; expressing itself in creation, 57; mentioned, 83, 91, 164

Retroduction. See Abduction

Reversible metaphor. See Metaicon

Secondness: subsuming Actuality, 5, 11, 111 ; as indexical tension, 11, 57, 97, 119; in aesthetics, 57, 62; as avenue to Firstness, 65, 67; future facts of, 118, 122; as position, 121; mentioned, 51, 66, 77, 125, 127, 140, 162

Similarity: as ground of metaphor, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18; as antecedent possibility, 10, 11, 55, 56; as ground of Icon, 10, 19, 35; as creative discovery, 10, 23; reality of, 11, 25-27, 47, 48, 51, 54-57, 61, 66; levels of abstraction in, 25, 26, 32, 33, 40, 42, 45; vagueness of, 26, 72; many readings of possible, 48, 49; Mills’s nominalistic view of, 56; as Firstness, 62, 65, 67; vs Hegelian synthesis, 67; actualization of, 134; vs identity, 148; vs association, 156; as basic to language, 163. See also Icon

Simile (vs metaphor), 12, 13, 21

Space (dimensional): narrowing frame of, 96; position in, 121; as analog of consciousness, 167; as primal idea, 168; as a form of thought, 168; Peirce’s notions of, 168, 169

Space (semantic): spanned by metaicon, 27; as medium of lexical hierarchy, 45; subjectivity of, 45; displacement within, 119, 136; gaps in, 134; mentioned, 16, 105, 116, 139

Substitution theory, 21, 53

Surrealism, 86, 112, 139, 140

Symbol: as element of metaphor, 10, 19, 20, 23, 36; in cross-predication, 10; growth of, 10, 12, 14, 26, 38, 39, 57, 157; grounded in Law, 10, 14; origins of, 12, 29, 82, 144, 157, 162; vs. Index and Icon, 14, 35; based on convention, 15, 81; self-signifying, 23, 24; indexical, 35; iconic, 35, 152; as third, 36; natural vs man-made, 39; literary, 48; containing index and icon, 53, 157; in creation, 82; as purpose, 82, 145; as culture-determining sign, 158; as cell of consciousness, 159; etymology of, 163; mentioned, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 18, 26, 28, 32, 38, 40, 43, 46, 54, 103, 104, 111, 143, 146, 155, 160, 161, 164, 165, 168

Symbol-Man metaphor, 28, 32, 38, 39, 40, 43, 46, 146, 163, 165, 168

Teleology: in semeiosis, 5, 12; in poetic metaphor, 18, 36, 38, 143; goal-directed, 57, 75, 107, 143, 150, 151; as anthropomorphic, 145; vs occultism, 149; of word growth, 150; mentioned, 82, 84, 117, 122, 134, 140, 141, 144, 153, 154, 157, 160, 165, 167

Tension (semantic): in literal imagery of haiku, 4; in the nature of actuality, 11; essential to metaphor, 11, 13, 97; arising from icon, 15; as metaphoric index, 15, 118, 132; shapes icon, 16, 108, 114, 117; acquires iconic force of its own, 17, 115; causes interaction, 53; as species dissimilarity, 100; imaginative pleasure of, 104; as function of icon-object distance, 105; three conditions regulating, 106; levels of, 106-114, 128, 136; role in reader orientation, 109, 113; in up vs down-predication, 130-132

Thirdness: subsuming Law, 5, 12; of metaphoric proposition, 11; as cross-predication, 23, 36, 57, 125, 140; vs First in abstraction, 33; as creativity of metaphor, 36; in aesthetic experience, 57, 62; as avenue to Firstness, 65, 67; as Hegelian synthesis, 67; transcending poet and reader, 93; subsuming Habit, 111; intermediates brute Secondness, 127; mentioned, 49, 77, 110

Token. See Type, vs token

Truth (metaphoric): as primary in poetry, 3, 75; actualized by semantic tension, 11, 16; as part literal, part Figural, 14, 16; as Final Interpretant, 17; typological, 26; evolution of, 27; approximation to Beauty, 29; based on real similarity, 48, 54; in naming, 57; transcending fact, 90, 91, 93, 94

Type: as goal of semantic growth, 12, 150, 151; as (meta)icon, 26, 27, 32, 33, 38, 40, 45, 46, 77, 81, 87, 88, 91, 93; vs token, 32, 38, 40, 45, 46, 50, 71, 87, 91, 93, 111, 114, 127, 130-132, 136, 146, 152, 159, 160, 163; as law, 34; as final cause, 149

Vagueness: of metaphoric similarity, 11, 26, 27, 32, 72; of imagery in diagram, 25; indeterminacy, 26; Peirce’s Logic of, 26, 163; typological, 27; mentioned, 22, 38, 75, 83, 97, 150, 153, 163

Vehicle: truth of, 14; vs tenor, 15, 45, 135; as metaphorical icon, 15, 47; mentioned, 13, 17, 18, 86, 97, 98, 101, 104, 107, 116, 151

Vehicle interpretation: vs focus interpretation, 13, 17, 18; mentioned, 97, 98, 101, 104, 107, 116, 135