Index

Abnormality: as variant of normality, 62

Absolute, 13-14, 19, 70-71, 76

Absurd, philosophy of the, 102

Act: of consciousness, 7-8; relationship to the object, 8-10

Action, 22, 101, 113, 169, 183; as manifestation of self, 160, 172 n.31; relationship to language, 96-98; Ricoeur on, 91; teleological structure of, 100, 102

Adventures of the Dialectic, The (Merleau-Ponty), 72-73

Agreement, 30, 31-32

À la recherche du temps perdu (Proust), 116

Albertus. See Shalom, Albert

Alienation, 58, 69, 73

Alston, W., 144, 147

Analogy, 87, 145, 147; role in creativity, 133-34, 135, 142 n.26

Analysand: in psychoanalytic situation, 168, 176-77 n.68

Analytic philosophy, 165, 186

Anarchy: as postmodern belief, 61, 72

Anaxagoras: on reason, 127

Animality of man: and language, 184

Animal rationale: as definition of man, 183

Anthropology (Ethnography), 50, 56 n.45, 66, 156

Anti-institutionalism, 61, 72

Antinomianism, 61, 72

Anxiety: allayed by myth and metaphysics, 125-26

Apel, K.-О., 40

Appearance, 127, 139; realm of, 129, 135, 138

Appearance-reality opposition, 136, 172 n.15, 190

Application: Gadamerian notion of, 109, 113-14, 116

Appropriateness, 29-30, 150-51

Appropriation, 49, 115

Archaeology, 58-60

Arendt, Hannah, 22, 97, 102

Argumentation, 31-32, 33, 35, 39 n.11

Aristotelianism, 129, 170 n.4

Aristotle, 130, 131, 134, 178, 180; on ethics, 34, 39 n.14; on metaphor, 144, 147, 194 n.39; on numbers, 128-29; quoted, 25

Arithmetic, 127

Arts: and imagination, 180-81

Astronomy, 127

Aubenque, Pierre, 52

Augustine, Saint, 17, 32, 57, 160, 170 n.3

Austrian economics, 101

Author’s meaning, 5-6, 13

Bachelard, G., 150

Barthes, Roland, 163

Baudelaire, Charles, 64

Begrifflichkeit (Conceptual framework), 17-18

Behaviorism, psychological, 18

Being, 74, 101, 136, 139, 155, 166, 178; in ancient Greek thought, 127-28; for Gadamer, 117, 118; Heidegger on, 37-38 n.6, 86; as interpreted being, 45, 137-38; as language, 150, 161, 183; for Merleau-Ponty, 66, 68; ontological primacy of, 27, 38 n.6; possibilities of revealed in text, 95-96; as referent, 86, 87; as subject of metaphysics, 130, 132; substance as paradigm of, 159; and thinking, 152. See also Ontology

Being, undivided (l’Être d’indivision), 64, 66, 68

Being and Nothingness (Sartre), 159

Belief, 87, 113; fixation of, 31; and knowledge, 135-36, 137, 190

Benveniste, Émile, 100; on language, 161, 162, 163, 166, 176 n.53

Berger, Gaston, 8

Berkeley, George, 146

Bernstein, Richard, 46, 51, 108, 116, 118 n.2, 152; on Winch, 53 n.5

Betti, Emile, 3, 36 nn. 2, 3, 4, 55 n.32, 109

Beyond Good and Evil (Nietzsche), 55 n.26

Beyond Objectivism and Relativism (Bernstein), 108, 152

Biology: as basis of human behavior, 157-58

Bisociation: and creative act, 142 n.23

Black, Max, 144, 147, 189

Bloom, Harold, 112

Body, 91, 140 n.12, 156, 170-71 n.4; flesh as not, 64, 67. See also Mind-body problem

Boehm, G., 36 n.3

Braithwaite, R. В.: definition of science, 47

Bricolage: creative work as, 133, 142 nn. 23, 26

Bronowski, Jakob, 134

Brown, Norman O., 60-61, 62, 79-80 n.21

Calvino, Italo: Mr. Palomar, 166; quoted, 155

Camus, Albert, 72, 102, 126

Canons, 32, 33

Carnal knowledge: as knowledge, 80 n.21

Carr, David, 44, 54-55 n.22, 59

Cartesianism, 40, 53-54 n.10, 95, 164, 178, 190; demise of, 46; and Dilthey-Winch solution, 42, 53-54 n. 10; influence on Husserl, 43; and mind-body problem, 57-58

Cartesian Meditations (Husserl), 43

Casey, Ed: on imagination, 180-81, 182-83, 184-86, 193 n.30

Castoriadis, Cornelius, 76

Categories, 40, 84, 87, 88

Causal explanation: and empathetic understanding, 41

Causation: mathematics as, 127, 140 n.7

Cézanne, Paul: view of nature, 132

Changelessness: of author’s meaning, 6, 8, 19, 34

Chardin, Teilhard de, 171 n.4

Charron, Pierre, 139

Circularity: relation between self and other as, 67

Cogito, 60, 91, 94, 100, 105 n.46

Cognition: imagination’s role in, 182

Cognitive science, 158, 182

Coherence: as methodological principle, 29

Coincidence, 67-68, 73

Communication, 13, 72, 102, 164, 165-66; Merleau-Ponty on, 70-71

Communality, 32

Community of Interpretation, 163

Comprehensiveness: as methodological principle, 29

Computers: and “representation languages,” 182

Conceptual framework (Begrifflichkeit), 17-18

Conceptual truth, 87-88

Conceptual vision, 88

Conflit des interprétations, Le (Ricoeur), 88

Consciousness, 42, 58, 64, 74-76, 92, 96; and belief, 136; Brown’s effort to dethrone, 61; Camus on, 102; and desire, 165-66; of existence, 156; as false consciousness, 94; Heidegger on, 37-38 n.6; Husserl’s archaelogy of, 58-60; for Merleau-Ponty, 61, 63, 66, 70; as nothingness, 159; for phenomenology, 83; positivism on, 171 n.12; primacy of, 38 n.6, 60; and reflective analysis, 90; relationship to the object, 7-11; relationship to reality, 10-11, 83-84; and scientific study, 157-58; split, 69; and subject-object duality, 67-68; and true being, 179; validity of, 10. See also Self-consciousness

Constitution: Husserl’s notion of, 8

Construction, canons of, 33

Context, 114, 121 n.34

Contextuality: as methodological principle, 30

Conventionalism, 82-83, 87

Conversation, 51-52, 162-63, 166, 168

Conversation in extremis, 167

Copying: James on, 186, 192 n.27

Copy theory of truth, 15, 19

Corporeal, the, 58, 61, 64, 66, 67, 77

Correctness of application: as methodological criterion, 28

Correspondence theory of truth, 13

Cosmic harmony, laws of, 128

Counter-Tradition, 106, 151

Countertransference: in psychoanalytic situation, 167

Creative imagination, 180-81

Creativity, 12, 19, 21, 22, 133-35, 142 n.23

Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, The (Husserl), 54 n. 11, 58, 60

Critique of Historical Reason (Dilthey), 41

Culture, 42, 46, 71; and symbols, 93, 95

“Death of the Author, The” (Barthes), 163

Decidability: and context, 114, 115, 121 n.34

Deconstruction, 60, 92, 96, 111, 183; of anthropology, 66; as Derrida’s approach, 106-7, 109-12, 174 n.41; and doubt, 105 n.46; Harvey on, 119 n.16; and hermeneutics, 113-15, 116; of metaphysics, 92, 100, 136-37, 166, 190; of mind-body problem, 155-69; Palmer on, 119 n.19; of philosophy, 59, 74; of Shalom’s text, 174 n.39

Deconstructive freeplay, 111

Demonstrative (theoretical) reason: compared with practical reason, 34-35; rules of, 31, 33, 39 n.10

Dennest, D.: The Mind’s I, 157

Derrida, Jacques, 76, 92, 96, 150, 174 n.41; compared with Gadamer, 106-18; on hermeneutics, 108-9, 111; meaning for, 111-16, 120-21 n.33, 121 n.37, 122 n.43; on perception, 186; on play, 116-17, 122 n.48; Rorty on, 119 n.10; on the text, 164, 168-69

Descartes, René, 40, 90, 131, 179, 181

Desire: and consciousness, 165-66

Determinacy: and context, 121 n.34

Detsch, Richard: on “play,” 122 n.45

“Development of Hermeneutics, The” (Dilthey), 40

Dialectics, 20, 52, 68, 106

Dialogue, 52, 70, 72, 166, 168

Dictionary of Philosophy (Runes): on imagination, 180

Différance, 111, 120 nn.24, 25, 164

Difference, 67, 111, 112, 120 n.22

Dilthey, Wilhelm, 25, 36 n.2, 36-37 n.5, 40-42, 50, 55 n.32, 94; Gadamer on, 53-54 n. 10, 108

Diogenes, 140 n.11

Discourse (le Discours), 51-52, 86, 98, 100, 183, 191; relationship to experience, 165-66; and the I, 161, 163; and intention, 83, 87; Ricoeur on, 88, 102; Smith on, 174-75 n.44

Discovery of the Mind, The (Snell), 75

Dualism, 42, 58-60, 61-64, 66, 67

Duality, 62

Dyad: Diogenes on, 140 n.11

Economics: use of Ricoeur’s work, 100-101

Eddington, Arthur, 130

Ego, 96, 161, 164, 168; status of, 159, 171 n.12. See also I, the; Self

Ego, transcendental, 8, 60, 93, 181

Eidetic connexions, 10

Eidetic insight (Weisenschau), 183

Eidetic method, 91, 103 n.8

Einstein, Alfred, 142 n.23

Eleatics, 130

Emotion, 91, 165

Empathetic understanding: and causal explanation, 41-42

Empiricism, 26, 130, 182

Emplotment: in history and fiction, 98-99

Enclosure: Derrida’s critique of, 121 n.37

Entities, 87, 137; numbers as, 128-29

Epistemological circles, 157-59, 171 n.12

Epistemological subject: and the external world, 182, 186

Epistemology, 18, 40, 45, 51, 102, 114; Derrida on, 111; dualism, 59; and endless circles, 157-59, 171 n.12; Gadamer’s approach to, 108, 110; and hermeneutics, 46-47, 50-51, 53 n.4, 155, 161; and imagination, 181-82; on language game, 179; Kuhn on, 17-18; as paradigm, 183, 189; Rorty on, 40, 53 n.4, 107; of social/human sciences, 40-45; and truth, 45, 49-50

Essences, 82-83, 88, 126, 147, 151, 178; as manifestations of language, 87, 88; meanings as, 145-46; as metaphysical question, 155-56

Essentialism, 129, 145-46, 152, 185

Ethics, 34, 107; norms, 28, 33

Ethnography. See Anthropology

Être d’indivision, l’ (Undivided Being), 64, 66, 68

Evans-Pritchard, Ε. Ε., 53 n.9

Evil, 91, 93

Evolution, 171 n.4

Existence, 62, 91, 95, 98, 100-102

Existential function of metaphor, 188

Existential question: translated into metaphysical question, 155

Experience, 14, 126, 132, 189; expressibility of, 91-92, 99; relationship to language, 86-87, 165-66

Experiencing as reflecting, 173 n.39

Experiential phenomenon: self as, 160

Experimental method of interpretation, 5, 21

Explanation: relationship to understanding: 40-42, 45, 47-50; as scientific rationality, 46, 47-48

Expression: and experience, 165-66; and metaphor, 150; relationship to meaning, 192 n.12

Extralinguistic reality, 83, 84, 86

Faith, 15-16, 32

Fictean ideal of the subject, 95

Fifth Cartesian Meditation, 60

Fink, Eugen, 11

Fish, Stanley, 121 n.34, 188, 191, 194-95 n.44

“Fixation of Belief, The” (Peirce), 143 n.33

Flaubert, Gustave: fiction realism of, 187-88

Flesh: for Merleau-Ponty, 64-68, 80 n.21

Foucault, Michel, 61, 92, 96, 158-59, 183

Foundationalism, 108, 111, 179, 181, 186

Freedom, 21, 72-73, 191

Freedom and Nature (Ricoeur), 103 n.8

Free-floating, 114, 115, 162

Freeplay, 108-9, 111-12, 113; of signs, 116

Frege, Gottlob, 82, 83-85, 165

Freud, Sigmund, 80 n.21, 160

Freud and Philosophy (Ricoeur), 103 n.8

Freudianism, 30, 94

Frivolity: and rejection of metaphysics, 106

Fuentes, Carlos, 168

Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 4, 32, 44, 138, 145, 168, 195 n.46; on being as language, 150, 161, 183; compared with Derrida, 106-18; on Dilthey, 53-54 n.10; hermeneutics, 3, 26, 33, 36 n.4, 45, 55 n.32, 108-11, 113-14, 119 n.18; on language, 136, 165; meaning for, 113-17; on method in interpretation, 25-27, 29-30, 32, 33-35; on play, 116-17; Ricoeur on, 36-37 n.5; Rorty on, 112; on subjectivity, 26-27; truth for, 115-18; on understanding, 51, 96, 166-67

Galileo, 132

Geertz, Clifford, 48, 50, 56 n.45

Geisteswissenschaften (Human sciences; Social sciences), 4, 40-50

Geometry, 127, 141 n.13

Gilson, Etienne: on science, 141 n.15

Gnosticism, 39

Goodman, Nelson, 82-83

Gorgias, 106, 134, 138, 142 n.26

Grammatical self-referential discourse, 162

Greek philosophy, 126-30, 136

Habermas, Jürgen, 28, 72, 171 n.12

Harré, Rom, 47, 51, 175 n.47

Harvey, Irene, 119 n.16

Hegel, G. W. F., 69, 80 n.29, 130, 146, 165-66, 186; influence on Merleau-Ponty, 63; on metaphysics, 125; on philosophy, 106

Hegelianism, 95, 117

Heidegger, Martin, 42, 60, 69, 71, 86, 122 n.50; influence on Gadamer, 3, 37-38 n.6, 110, 117; on language, 96, 186

Heisenberg, Werner, 130

Heraclitus, 16-17, 127, 129, 1З2, 138

Hermeneutical arc, 50

Hermeneutical object, 11, 13-14, 15

Hermeneutical phenomenology, 76. See also Phenomenological hermeneutics

Hermeneutics, 16, 50-52, 72, 91, 106-7, 110, 163; analysis of metaphysical theories, 131-36; as continuation of dialectics, 52; debate on method in, 25-35; and deconstruction, 93, 113-15, 116; Derrida on, 108-9, 111; and epistemology, 40, 42, 46-47, 53 n.4, 155, 161; Gadamer on, 3, 26, 33, 36 n.4, 45, 55 n.32, 108-11, 113-14, 119 n.18; Hirsch on, 3-5, 12, 18; language as basic to, 161; Palmer on, 119 n.19; and problem of self-understanding, 57; and reading, 167-68; and rhetoric, 164; Ricoeur on, 90-103; Rorty on, 53 n.4; and science, 45-49; of subjectivity, 90-103, 155-69. See also Interpretation; Phenomenological hermeneutics

Hermeneutics of suspicion, 30, 93-94

Hirsch, E. D., 3-22, 55 n.32; critique of Gadamer, 4, 32, 114; on method in interpretation, 25-29, 31, 32-35

Historical consciousness, 38 n.6

Historical narrative, 98

Historicism, 3, 8

Historicity, 19

Historiography, 98, 176 n.64

History, 20, 37 n.6, 73, 97, 100, 115; as theme of Leclerc’s work, 130-31; and truth, 168

History and Truth (Ricoeur), 102

Hobbes, Thomas: on imagination, 182

Hofstader, D., 157-58

Holton, Gerald, 47, 142 n.23

Horton, Robin, 142 n. 26

Human Action (Mises), 101

Human being. See Man

Human dignity, 137

Humanism, 31, 77, 92, 117

Humanities, 4, 25-26, 34. See also Geisteswissenschaften

Human sciences. See Geisteswissenschaften

Hume, David: on imagination, 181

Husserl, Edmund, 7-12, 14, 62, 66, 80 n.29, 95; on consciousness, 38 n.6; criticisms of, 91, 92-93; and debate on social sciences, 42-44, 54 n. 11; on the ego, 164; influence on Casey, 185-86; influence on Gadamer, 25; influence on Hirsch, 7-8, 9, 25; on language and experience, 165; on Lebenswelt, 40, 50; Merleau-Ponty’s critique of, 77-78; method of eidetic insight, 183; on metaphysical discourse, 136; and mind-body problem, 62, 74, 77; on natural science, 48; on objectivism and subjectivism, 58-60; on poetic object, 87; on reason, 70; use of phenomenological reduction, 181-82; use of quote from Augustine, 17; on the world, 15, 83

Hyppolite, Jean, 80 n.21

I, the, 161, 162, 164, 166. See also Ego; Self

Idea, 11, 178

Ideal: as real world, 129, 140-41 n.13

Idealism, 8-9, 91, 93, 16o, 181

Ideas (Husserl), 9-10, 59

Identity, 67-68, 145, 152, 169; personal, 57, 58, 77, 162, 169; Shalom on, 173-74 n.39

Identity Theorists: on material body, 156

“I-hood”: 100

Images, 178, 193-94 n.32; and imagination, 180-81, 182, 184

Imagination, 30, 190, 192 n.7, 193-94 n.32, 195 n.47; defined by Runes, 180; and language, 184-86, 188, 195 n.47; and metaphors, 189-9o, 194 n.39; postmodern approach to, 178, 183-91; relationship to perception, 180, 182, 185-87, 193 n.30; traditional approach to, 179-83

“Imaging,” 184

Imagining (Casey), 180

“Imagining-that”: as form of imagination, 184-85

Immanence, 14-15

Impressionist painters: view of nature, 132

Inexhaustibility: as hermeneutical notion, 115, 121 n.37

Ingarden, Roman, 187, 193-94 n.32

Insight, 61, 167, 179

Instrumental rationality, 28

Intelligence: metaphysics as function of, 126-30

Intelligible, the: and the sensible, 129, 130, 140 n.12

Intelligibility, 167; of metaphor, 144

Intended, the, 83, 86

Intended meaning, 83, 86

Intending, 184-85

Intention, 29, 87, 109

Intentionality, 7, 8-10

Interaction theory of metaphor, 189

Interpretant: Peirce’s notion of, 112-13

Interpretation, 41, 45, 46, 49-50, 169, 187; for Derrida, 108, 112; Dilthey on, 50; for Gadamer, 4, 115; Hirsch’s science of, 3-7, 12-13, 18-22, 38-39 n.8; Husserl’s countermodel for, 9, 12; and meaning of the text, 22, 176 n.62; method in, 25-35; misinterpretation of, 187-88; for Peirce, 113; for Ricoeur, 93, 95-96; as role of social sciences, 50; theories of, 25-26, 49-50; as understanding, 109, 167; validity of, 10, 15. See also Hermeneutics

Intertextuality: as analysis of metaphysics, 131-33

Intuition, 64, 178

Irony, 86, 107

Irrationality, 39 n.11, 127-28

Iser, Wolfgang, 193-94 n.32, 194 n.34

Isocrates, 33, 183; quoted, 25

Jalousie (Robbe-Grillet), 99

James, William, 125, 135, 137, 186, 192 n.27

Jeu. See Freeplay; Play

Jeu de différance, 122 n.48

Jeu de mots: metaphysics as, 134

Judgment: role in hermeneutical method, 28

Jung, C. G.: on reason, 139 n.3

KA (knowledge acquisition) theory, 182

Kant, 41, 181

Kantianism, 40

Kierkegaard, Søren, 106, 117, 155, 164

Kirk, C. S.: on Heraclitus, 127

Klein, Malanie, 79-80 n.21

Kline, Morris, 140 n.11, 140-41 n.13, 141 n.14

Knorr-Cetina, K., 47

Knowledge, 15, 31, 55 n.30, 70, 115, 190; and belief, 135-36; as carnal knowledge, 80 n.21; Derrida on, 108; Gadamer on, 108; for Hirsch, 4-5; and imagination, 181; role in Husserl’s philosophy, 43

Knowledge acquisition (KA) theory, 182

Koestler, Arthur, 142 n.23, 189

Kuhn, Thomas, 16-18, 20, 21, 46, 55 n.32

Laboratory Life (Latour and Woolgar), 47

Lacan, 75, 185

Landgrebe, Ludwig, 54 n.11

Language, 51, 111, 152, 162, 182, 183; analogical use of, 87; being as, 150, 161; and context, 121 n.34; as creator of alternative worlds, 136; Derrida on, 111-12, 164; Gadamer on, 37 n.6, 45, 109, 116, 122 n.41; Heidegger on, 37-38 n.6; and the I, 163-64; and imagination, 184-86, 188, 195 n.47; Lévi-Strauss on, 175 n.49; and meaning-intention, 83, 86; Merleau-Ponty on, 65-66, 68; and metaphor, 75-76, 144; as referential, 82-86; relationship to action, 96-97; relationship to experience, 86-87, 165-66; relationship to reality, 83, 86-87, 135-36; Ricoeur on, 92, 95, 195 n.47; Russell’s view of, 190; of symbolic logic, 148-49; as theme of Leclerc’s work, 130-31; and thought, 175 n.50, 187. See also Literal language

Language game, 42, 45-46, 53 n.8, 162, 164, 179; explanation as, 48

Latour, В., 47

Lebenswelt (Life-world), 40, 50, 60; Husserl’s concept of, 43-44, 48, 54-55 n.22; Merleau-Ponty on, 62, 68-69

Leclerc, Ivor: on history of metaphysics, 130-31 133-34, 136-37, 138

Leonardo da Vinci, 132

Letter on Humanism (Heidegger), 37 n.6

Levinas, Emmanuel, 91

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 92, 116, 133, 142 n.26, 175 n.49

Liberal tradition: Merleau-Ponty’s belief in, 72-73

Life Against Death (Brown), 60-61

Life-world. See Lebenswelt

Likenesses: articulated by metaphor, 144-45, 151

Linguisticality, 51, 114

Linguistic code: and truth, 116

Linguistic relativity, 84

Literal language, 83, 85, 88, 146-47

Literal meanings, 145, 148-49

Literal speech: and metaphor, 148-50

Literal truth: and metaphorical truth, 87

Literary criticism: as branch of Geisteswissenschaften, 49-50

Literary text. See Text

Literature: as history, 98; and imitation of reality, 168

Lived experience. See Experience

Logic, 47, 133, 149, 179

Logical Investigations (Husserl), 7-8

Logical positivism: influence on Hirsch, 26

Logic of argumentation, 31, 35

Logic of interpretation, 4-5

Logocentrism, 92, 111, 115

Logos, 126, 127, 183. See also Reason

Love’s Body (Brown), 61, 79 n.21

McCloskey, Donald, 190

Machine, metaphor of the, 137

Maclntyre, Alasdair, 162, 166

Madison, Gary: Stewart on, 144-48

Man (Human being), 58, 96, 137, 178, 183-84; Merleau-Ponty’s idea of, 62, 66, 69-70; as metaphysical image, 155-59, 166; as the object of philosophy, 74-75, 76-77; place in nature, 58, 76

Mannerism: as opposed to Cartesianism, 164

Manufacture of Knowledge (Knorr-Cetina), 47

Marx, Karl, 80 n.29

Marxism, 30

Materialistic mechanism, metaphysics of, 137

Materialist metaphysics, 160

Mathematics, 126-30, 140 n.11, 141 n.13

Mathematics: The Loss of Certainty (Kline), 140 n.11

Meaning, 15, 30, 33, 83, 91-92, 101; author’s, 5-6, 13; Camus on, 102; for Derrida and Gadamer, 111-17; as either-or, 168-69; of existence, 101-2; of experience, 165; hermeneutical view of, 188; for Hirsch, 3-6, 7-8, 13, 15-16, 19-22; for Husserl, 8; as linguistic illusion, 175 n.49; and metaphor, 82, 86, 88, 144-45, 148-49, 188-90; as objective, 182; as pattern, 133; plot necessary for, 99; private, 191; through pseudo-description, 193-94 n.32; relationship to expression, 192 n.12; revealed in narrative, 97; for Ricoeur, 91, 93-94, 95; surplus-value of, 86; unity of, 29. See also Meaning of the text

Meaning-intention, 65, 83, 86

Meaninglessness: of metaphors, 144, 150, 188-89; of univocal concepts, 152

Meaning of the text, 11, 15, 19-22, 34-35, 95-96, 132-33; actualization of, 49; Derrida on, 108-9; for Gadamer, 109, 110; for Hirsch, 7, 19-20; methodological criteria for, 27; and the reader, 167-69, 176 n.62, 187-88, 194 n.34

Mental act: imagination as, 183, 185

Mental models hypothesis: and knowledge acquisition theory, 182

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 60, 61-78, 86, 102, 166, 175 n.50; on absolute values, 13-14; on Being, 34, 38 n.6; on la foi perceptive, 15, 141 n.14; on Husserl, 43, 91; on the inner man, 160-61; on perceptions, 30, 192 n.29, 193 n.30; on phenomenological reduction, 44; on philosophy, 74-78, 80 n.29; on subjectivity, 158; on teleology, 117

Metaphor, 68, 75-76, 82-88, 110, 144-53, 194 n.39; as center of language, 188-90; and literal speech, 148-50; as meaningless, 144, 150; phenomenological-pragmatic theory on, 144-48; play as, 117

Métaphore vive, La (The Rule of Metaphor) (Ricoeur), 82-88

Metaphorical analogy, 133-34

Metaphorical language: relationship to literal language, 85, 88

Metaphorical transsubstantiation: as analysis of metaphysics, 131, 133-34, 135-36

Metaphorical truth: Ricoeur on, 82, 84, 85-86, 87

Metaphorics of textuality, 187-88

Metaphor of the machine, 137

Metaphysical belief, suspension of, 137, 138

Metaphysics, 13, 42, 87, 91, 95, 114, 178; approach to imagination, 180-81; critiques of, 17, 51, 92, 100, 107-8, 109-10, 164; deconstruction of, 100, 109-10, 137, 166; essence as idea-product of, 151; existential question translated into, 155; Gadamer on, 108, 117; as grounds for existence as meaningful, 102; and mathematics, 126-30; as metaphor, 87; mind-body question as problem for, 156, 158; as myth, 87, 125-39; Nietzsche on, 159-60; oppositions in, 190; and problem of subjectivity, 170-71 n.4; as a science, 106, 126, 131, 134, 136; Shalom on, 173-74 n.39

Metaphysics (Aristotle), 131

Metaphysics of presence, 92, 165, 178-79, 190; Derrida on, 107, 111; Gadamer on, 109, 111; Merleau-Ponty on, 70, 77

Method, 5, 26-34, 38 n.6, 41, 179; Gadamer on, 25-26, 110

Methodology as technology, 39 n.10

Mind, 156-58, 182-83

Mind-body problem, 57-61, 74, 80 n.21, 156-59; deconstruction of, 155-59, 170-71 n.4; Merleau-Ponty on, 61-62, 64, 77

Mind’s I, The (Hofstader and Dennent), 157

Mirror, 178, 183; of language, 150; metaphorics of, 182; of nature, 166, 168, 183

Mises, Ludwig von, 101

Mr. Palomar (Calvino), 166

Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text, The (Ricoeur), 97

Monad, 140 n.11

Monism, 62, 64

Montaigne, Michel de, 13, 131, 132, 134

Morowitz, H., 157-58, 160

Motivation, 91, 97-98

Mumford, Lewis, 137

Music: and Pythagorean cosmic harmony, 128

Mysticism, 132

Myth: as believed poetry, 87; and intention, 87; of language, 190; metaphysics as, 100, 125-39

Mythe de Sisyphe, Le (Camus), 102

Mythos: shift to logos, 126

Mythos-logos, 160

Nabert, Jean, 90, 94

Narrative, 98-100, 162, 166, 169

Naturalism, 42, 48

Natural sciences (Naturwissenschaften), 4-5, 40-42, 45; and the life-world, 44; relationship to human and social sciences, 46-50

Nature, 16-17, 59, 140 n.11, 155; alienation from man, 58; and imagination, 183; objectivity of, 58-59; relationship to consciousness, 61, 66, 67; representation of, 132-33

Nature of things: as subject of metaphysics, 131-33

Naturwissenschaften. See Natural sciences

Neo-Kantianism: and Husserl, 181

Neoplatonism, 131

Newman, John Cardinal, 32

Nicholas of Cusa, 133

Nichomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 39 n. 14, 178

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 50, 67, 108, 139, 140 n.12, 166; on being, 45, 137-38, 191; as counter-traditionalist, 17-18, 106; denial of philosophy, 80 n.29; on essence, 151; on histonography, 176 n.64; on metaphysics, 159-60, 190; notion of play 116-17; on physics, 55 n.26; on truth, 14, 168, 195 n.44

Nietzscheans, French, 61

Nihilism, 17-18, 76, 96, 110, 113, 163; Derrida’s position seen as, 174 n.41; and truth, 168

Noema, 9-11, 136

Noesis, 136, 178-79

Nominalism, 82-83, 87, 145-46

Normality: relationship to abnormality, 62

Norris, Christopher, 174 n.39

Nothingness: and Sartre, 159

Numbers, 128-29, 140 n.11, 141 n.13

Object, 5, 13, 34, 58, 76, 136; of belief, 87; of consciousness, 7-8, 9-11; and the flesh, 64, 67; and mental images, 193-94 n.32; objectivity of, 7, 8-9, 17; of poetry, 87

Objective, the, 61, 178, 182

Objectivism, 42, 59, 70, 76, 108, 163; Ricoeur’s overcoming of, 94-95, 96; and subjectivism, 58; and truth, 168; and understanding, 76

Objectivistic-subjectivistic philosophy, 152

Objectivity, 16-17, 21, 26, 49, 51, 116; for Hirsch, 4, 5-6, 19; for Husserl, 11; of nature, 58-59; of the object, 7, 8-9, 17; and subjectivity, 158, 159; of the text, 12

Object simpliciter, 10-11

Occam, William of, 126, 137, 151

One, 128-29

On Non-Being (Gorgias), 106, 138

Ontological commitment to meaning, 102

Ontological primacy of being, 27, 38 n.6

Ontology, 43, 64, 74, 86, 88. See also Being

Ordo cognoscendi, 27, 85

Ordo essendi, 27, 85

Other, the, 66, 67, 117, 165

Other minds, 162, 175-76 n.53

Palmer, Richard, 119 n.19

Parmenides, 128, 131, 134

Pascal, Blaise, 50, 57, 133, 136, 139, 142 n.23

Peirce, C. S., 12, 112-13, 120 n.32, 142, n.22, 162-63; on belief, 135, 143 n.33

Perception, 181, 194 n.32; Merleau-Ponty on, 65, 66, 68, 160-61, 192 n.29, 193 n.30; relationship to imagination, 180, 182, 185-87, 193 n.30

Perelman, Chaim, 171-72 n.15

Perlocutionary effect, 150

Perlocutionary force, 145, 188

Permanence, locus of: subjectivity as, 173-74 n.39

Personhood, 48, 57, 170 n.4

Persuasion: scientific rationality as, 46

Persuasive (practical) reasoning, 33-35; rules of, 31-33, 39 n.10

Phänomenologie des Geistes (Hegel): preface to, 106

Phenomenological hermeneutics, 26, 101, 108, 109, 114-15, 176 nn.62, 66; and the essentialism-relativism dichotomy, 152; on the I, 164; on metaphors, 148-51; methodological criteria for, 27-35; poststructuralist criticism of, 100; Ricoeur’s approach to, 92-94; and textual interpretation, 49-50

Phenomenological pragmatism, 144-48, 150-51, 184

Phenomenological reduction, 8, 44, 182

Phenomenology, 7, 9, 14, 17, 83, 90; Husserlian, 25, 43, 59; Ricoeur on, 91-92; and subjectivity, 38 n.6, 115

“Phenomenology and Hermeneutics” (Ricoeur), 91-92

Phenomenology of Perception (Merleau-Ponty), 60, 62-63, 75-76, 91

“Philosophie als strenge Wissenschaft” (Husserl), 42

Philosophy, 17, 57, 76-77, 130, 155, 178; Derrida’s equation with metaphysics, 110; end of, 74, 78, 107; Husserl’s concept of, 42-44; man as chief object of, 74-75; for Merleau-Ponty, 63, 65, 68-69, 74-78, 80 n.29; as myth, 138; post-Merleau-Pontyian, 92, 100; progress in, 74, 77; rejection of, 51, 80 n.29; as science, 43-45, 77-78, 88, 106, 138; and theories of imagination, 180, 182

Physics, 55 n.26, 129-30, 133, 142 n.23, 157

Plato, 131, 134, 151, 166, 178-79, 181; on reality, 129, 141 n.13; Timaeus, 130

Platonism, 8, 129, 140-41 n.13, 141 n.15, 190

Play (Jeu; Spiel), 37 n.6, 116-18, 120 n.22; free-floating, 114, 115, 162; freeplay, 108-9, 111-12, 113

Plot: as guideline to understanding, 98-99

Plotinus, 129, 131

Plutarch, 141 n.13

Poetry, 82, 87, 126

Polanyi, Michael, 18

Political philosophy, 61, 72-73, 107

Popper, Karl, 16, 21, 36 n.2

Positivism, 4, 33, 82, 85, 140 n.12, 171 n.12; and economics, 100-101; hermeneutics, 18, 26, 31; view of science, 43, 134

Postmodernism, 51, 67, 114, 164, 190; approach to imagination, 178, 183-91; on language, 183, 188; and Merleau-Ponty, 60, 65, 68-69, 71-72; playful characteristics of, 118 n.2; among sociologists, 60-61

Postmodernity, 61, 66

Postpositivists, 31

Poststructuralism, 51, 61, 92, 99, 100; on language, 163-64, 165; Ricoeur’s criticism as, 96, 100

Practical (persuasive) reasoning, 33-35; rules of, 31-33 39 n.10

Pragmatism, 17, 113. See also Phenomenological-pragmatism

Presence, 76, 93, 111, 117, 179

Presence, metaphysics of. See Metaphysics of presence

Primacy: methodological, 27; ontological, 27, 38 n.6

Primacy of Perception (Merleau-Ponty), 71

Primitivism: Merleau-Ponty on, 68-69

Primordial We (On), 66

Probabilities, calculus of, 31

Probability judgments, 5, 14

Proper, the, 115

Proper Meaning Superstition, The, 151

Proust, Marcel, 116

Psyche: as part of man, 156, 158

Psychic, the, 64, 67; realm of, 59; relationship to the corporeal, 57, 61, 77. See also Mind-body problem

Psychoanalysis, 58, 73, 79 n.21; model of interpersonal relations, 167, 176-77 n.68

Psychologism, 8, 9, 12

Psychology, 36-37 n.5, 59, 156, 157-58, 180, 182

Pythagoras, 128, 131, 140 n.11

Pythagoreanism, 128, 131, 140 nn.11, 13

Quantum mechanics, 157

Quotation marks: and the truth, 116

Radicalism, political, 61, 72-73

Rationalism, 70-71, 78, 85, 148, 180; as basis for mathematics, 127; view on metaphor, 144-45, 147, 152

Rationality, 13, 32, 51, 59, 70-72; role in judgments, 28; in theory of argumentation, 31-32

Rationalizing: as human business, 183

Rational judgments, 28

Raven, J. G.: on Heraclitus, 127

Reader Reception Theory, 167

Readers, 114, 116

Reading, 113, 167-69, 187-88, 193-94 n.32; Derridian technique for, 109, 112, 114; for Gadamer, 114, 116

Realism, 3, 8-9, 12, 14-15, 18; fictional, 187-88

Realism-idealism dilemma, 12

Reality, 17-18, 62, 117, 126, 151, 163, 171 n.12; as analogical, 147; and appearances, 127, 129, 136, 140-41 n.13; and being, 137-38; as cliché, 85; defined by Peirce, 12; and doubt, 105 n.46; experience as derivative of, 173-74 n.39; flesh as, 67; of discourse, 161; and imagination, 180, 182, 190-91; interpretive constructs of, 187; Kuhn on, 17; and laws of logic, 179; likeness as prior to, 145; mathematical essence as, 127-28; and mental models hypothesis, 182; and metaphors, 82-83, 85, 135-36; as metaphysical postulate, 138-39; of the object, 9-10; paradox of, 134; relationship to consciousness, 10-11, 83-84; relationship to language, 83-84, 86-87, 88, 165; for Ricoeur, 94; schemas of in science, 16-17; as thought, 184

Reason, 42, 45, 46, 70, 126, 127; as essence of man, 179; and faith, 32; as inferior to instinct, 61; Jung on, 139 n.3; for Merleau-Ponty, 70-72; trickery of, 128, 137

Reasoning, 31-33, 39 n.10

Reasons for actions, 183

“Rediscovering the Mind” (Morowitz), 157

Reduction, phenomenological, 8, 44, 182

Reductionism, 48-49, 59, 157-58, 163

Reductive interpretations, 30, 94, 181

Reference, 82, 83-85, 114, 116

Referent, 83-87, 136

Referential-representationalism, 178, 193 n.32

Reflecting (reflective) subject, 68, 95, 100

Reflection (Reflexion), 63, 78, 88, 94, 103 n.8; philosophy as, 64, 65, 90

Reflective analysis, 90, 135-36

Reflective (reflexive) philosophy: of Merleau-Ponty, 63; and Ricoeur, 90-91, 92, 94-95

Reflexivity: and language, 184

Relativism, 3, 17, 51, 76, 84, 145; and deconstruction, 114; and essentialism, 152; Gadamer’s approach to, 108; and Hirsch’s position, 13-14, 19; and intention, 87; and objectivism, 96; and subjectivity, 12; and truth, 168

Relativistic reductionism: on self, 175 n.47

Relativity theory, 157

Renaissance painters: use of Euclidean geometry, 132

Representation, 43, 50, 109, 168, 187

Representationalism, 178-79, 181-82, 191

Republic (Plato), 141 n.13

Resemblances: created through metaphors, 85, 194 n.39

Responsible judgments, 28

Revelation, truths of, 39 n.11

Revolutionism: and postmodernistic thought, 72-73

Rhetoric, 35, 164, 183

Rhetorical language: deconstructive reading of, 110

Rhetoric of Economics (McCloskey), 190

Richards, I. Α., 144, 151

Ricoeur, Paul, 36 n.2, 84, 115, 175 n.49, 188, n.47; on conflict of interpretations, 27, 42; on hermeneutics, 30, 50, 90-103; on Husserl, 9, 10-11; on Derrida, 120-21 n.33; on Gadamer, 26, 36-37 n.5; on Merleau-Ponty, 193 n.30; on metaphor, 82-88, 194 n.39; on reading, 167-68; on symbols, 93, 103 n.15; on textual interpretation, 22, 55-56 n.41

Riffaterre, Michael, 187

Robbe-Grillet, Alain, 99

Rorty, Richard, 43, 150, 151, 161, 162, 184; as antifoundationalist, 108; on conversation, 51-52; critique of metaphysics, 107-8; on Derrida, 112, 119 n.10; on doing philosophy without mirrors, 183; on epistemology, 40, 53 n.4; on Gadamer, 112; on universal commensuration, 51, 70

Royce, Josiah, 163

Role of Metaphor, The (La Métaphore vive) (Ricoeur), 82-88

Runes, Dagobert D.: on imagination, 180

Russell, Bertrand: on language, 190

Ryle, Gilbert: on metaphor, 84-85

Salambō (Flaubert), 187-88

Sapir, Edward, 84

Sartre, J.-P., 7, 60, 64, 106, 159, 164

Saussure, Ferdinand de, 83, 111, 120 n.32, 147

Scepticism. See Skepticism

Schafer, Roy, 160, 167, 176-77 n.68

Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 25, 37 n.5, 55 n.32, 109, 110

Schrag, Calvin О., 96-97, 98, 105 n.46

Science, 12-13, 16-18, 31, 35, 58-59, 133; as deductive system, 28, 47; divorce from rhetoric, 164; as empirical, 130, 141 n.14; and epistemology, 40, 45-46; and hermeneutics, 18, 46, 50-51; and humanities, 25; and imagination, 180-81; interpretation as, 3-7; as language game, 45; and the life-world, 43-44, 50; metaphysics as, 106, 126, 131, 134, 136; and mind-body problem, 156-57; philosophy as, 43-45, 77-78, 88, 106, 138. See also Natural sciences

Science, philosophy of, 45-46

Scientific method: Carr on, 54-55 n.22

Scientific rationality, 46, 47-48

Scientism, 18-19, 42, 68-69

Self, 67, 90, 159-63, 166, 169, 173-74 n.39; and dialogical exchange, 117, 167-68; and external world, 79-80 n.21; Harré on, 175 n.47; and the other, 66, 67; as product of metaphorical usage, 75; in psychoanalytic situation, 167; transformed in reading, 167-68. See also Ego; I, the

Self-awareness, 138, 156, 159

Self-consciousness, 69, 75-76, 156, 162-63; Ricoeur on, 92, 93, 94

Self-identical object, 6, 8, 19

Self-realization, 117-18

Self-referential discourse, 162

Self-reflection, 90, 93

Self-understanding, 45, 47-49, 51, 57, 59, 90-91; and language, 184; Ricoeur on, 92, 93, 94-96, 97; understanding as, 162

Sellars, Wilfred, 186

Semiology, 111, 120 n.32, 184, 189

Semiosis, 95

Semiotic: Peirce’s, 112-13, 120, n.32

Semiotic analysis of text, 49

Sensation, 171 n.12, 174 n.39, 181, 182-83

Sense, 82, 84, 114, 136

Sense and Non-Sense (Merleau-Ponty), 70-71

Sensible, the, 64, 67, 76, 129, 140 n.12

Sextus Empiricus, 128

Shalom, Albert (Albertus): on subjectivity, 170-71 n.4, 173-74n n.39

Signification: of reflection, 90

Signified, 83, 111-13

Signifiers, 83, 109, 111-13, 148-49

Signs, 93, 114-15, 116, 148-49, 165; meaning of, 111, 132; Peirce’s theory of, 112-13, 120 n.32; self-understanding mediated by, 92, 94, 95

Signs (Merleau-Ponty), 66-67, 72-74

Similarities, 145-47, 151, 152

Skepticism (Scepticism), 3, 14, 17, 170 n.3, 181

Smith, Barbara Herrnstein, 174-75 n.44

Snell, Bruno, 75

Social reality: and language, 172 n.26

Social sciences (Geisteswissenschaften), 4, 40-50

Solipsism, 12, 60, 162, 175 n.53, 190-91

Soul (Spirit), 60, 67, 156; union with body, 57-58, 61-62, 64. See also Mind-body problem

Speaking, 165, 175-76 n.53

Speech, 66, 75, 147, 160, 188

Spiel. See Play

Spirit. See Soul

Spurs/Éperons (Derrida), 108-9

State, the: and freedom, 72

State of affairs: as correlate of intending, 184-85

Steiner, George, 86, 136

Stevens, Wallace, 85, 190, 191

Stewart, Donald: Madison on, 148-53; on metaphors, 188

Structuralism, 92, 111, 114, 120 n.32; on language, 163, 165, 174-75 n.44

Structure of Behavior, The (Merleau-Ponty), 61-62

Structure of Scientific Revolution, The (Kuhn), 16-17

Subject, 57-58, 64, 75-76, 164; Derrida on, 114; man as a, 161; for Merleau-Ponty, 66, 67; as object, 76-77; Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of, 90-103; Schrag on, 104 n.31

Subjective: relationship to the objective, 61, 158, 190

Subjective idealism, 12

Subjective judgment, 28

Subjectivism, 3, 12, 18, 60, 92; for Merleau-Ponty, 60, 65-67; and methodologism, 38 n.6; and objectivism, 58; and objectivity, 26; and phenomenology, 38 n.6; and representationalism, 178-79, 181; transcendental, 91

Subjectivity, 17, 18, 49, 74, 115, 161; deconstruction of, 60, 105 n.46; Gadamer on, 26-27, 117; hermeneutics of, 155-69; Husserl on, 9, 12; of the interpreter, 12; for Merleau-Ponty, 69, 77; Ricoeur’s hermeneutics on, 90-103; Schrag on, 104 n.31, 105 n.46; Shalom on, 170-71 n.4, 173-74 n.39; transcendental, 59

Subject-object dichotomy, 11, 12, 18, 64

Substance, 6, 7, 17, 22, 156, 159, 163

Suggestiveness: as methodological principle, 30

Suicide option: Camus on, 102

Symbolic logic, language of, 148-49

Symbolique du mal, Le (The Symbolism of Evil) (Ricoeur), 90, 93

Symbolism, 80 n.21

Symbols, 76, 90, 92-95, 103 n.15

Taylor, Charles, 172 n.26

Technological understanding of human understanding, 182

Technology, methodology as, 39 n.10

Teleology, 99-100, 117

Telos, 12, 42

Temporality, 32, 99-100, 170-71 n.4. See also Time

Text, 29-30, 49, 85, 93, 113; deconstructionist position on, 114-15; Derrida on, 107, 111-12, 120 nn.22, 26, 164; Iser on, 194 n.34; relationship to action, 97-98; self-understanding mediated by, 92, 95, 98. See also Meaning of the text

Textual interpretation, 49-50, 112

Textuality, 93, 95, 97, 113, 183; metaphorics of, 187-88

Textual meaning. See Meaning of the text

Themes from Lectures (Merleau-Ponty), 78

Theoretical (demonstrative) reason: compared with practical reason, 34-35; rules of, 31, 33, 39 n.10

Theory, 27-28, 31, 142 n.26, 189

Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 129, 145, 147, 152, 170 n.4

Thoroughness: as methodological principle, 29

Thought, 105 n.46, 128, 136, 163, 175 n.50, 184

Timaeus (Plato), 130

Time, 12, 19, 67, 98, 170-71 n.4. See also Temporality

Time and Narrative (Ricoeur), 98, 99

Timelessness, 6, 19, 32, 34

Totality, 117, 121 n.37

Tradition, 27, 46, 118, 122 n.50, 169

Transcendence, 10, 14-15, 126

Transcendental Ego, 8, 60, 93, 181

Transcendental idealism, 8-9, 59-60

Transcendentalism: and objectivism, 59

Transcendental pragmatics, 135

Transcendental signified, 111, 112, 113, 115, 149

Transcendental subjectivism, 91, 92

Transcendental subjectivity, 59

Transexperiential reality, 14

Transference: in psychoanalytic situation, 167

Transformation, 112, 114, 167-68, 176 n.60

Transitivism: as Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of man, 66

Transsubstantiation, metaphorical: as analysis of metaphysics, 131, 133-34, 135-36

Truth, 15, 17-18, 21, 26, 31-32, 138; and epistemology, 45, 49-50; for Gadamer and Derrida, 37 n.6, 108, 115-18; and hermeneutics of subjectivity, 168-69; Hirsch on, 7, 12-13, 18, 21; for Merleau-Ponty, 66, 68, 71; for Pythagoreans and Platonists, 140-41 n.13; Ricoeur on, 82, 84, 85-86, 87-88

Truth and Method (Gadamer), 3, 25, 37 n.5, 109-10, 113-15, 117

Truth-value: of metaphorical discourse, 85-86; of science, 46

Twilight of the Idols (Nietzsche), 139

Unconscious, 64, 75, 93

Understanding, 30, 33, 47, 76, 117, 135-36, 137; and cognitive science, 182; as finite and pluralist, 51; for Gadamer, 37-38 n.6, 109, 110, 114, 115, 117, 166-67; as goal of interpretation, 49-50; Heidegger on, 37-38 n.6, 110; in hermeneutics, 27, 33; Hirsch on, 13-14, 19-20; and imagination, 190; and metaphor, 75, 145-46, 150; as method, 41; nесessary for plot, 99; philosophical and seientific, 88; relationship to explanation, 40-42, 45-50; relationship to knowledge, 55 n.30, 115; for Ricoeur, 94, 96, 167; role in methodological principles, 29; self-understanding as, 162; and semantic innovation, 194 n.39; and suspension of metaphysical belief, 138; technological understanding of, 182; theories of, 26, 34-35. See also Self-understanding

Understanding: A Phenomenological-Pragmatic Analysis (Madison), 133, 144

Understanding and Explanation (Apel), 40

Undivided Being (l’Être indivision), 64, 66, 68

Universal commensuration, 51, 70

Universality, 32, 70, 110-11

Universe, nature of, 128, 129

Univocity, 145, 147, 148, 152-53

Utopianism, 61, 69, 72-73

Valdés, Mario, 49-50

Validation, 28-29, 30, 33, 35

Validity, 3-22

Validity in Interpretation (Hirsch), 3, 25

Vico, Giambattista, 164

Visible, the, 66

Visible and the Invisible, The (Merleau-Ponty), 63-69, 74-75, 76-77

Volontaire et l’involontaire, Le (Ricoeur), 91

Voyage, Le (Baudelaire), 64

Wahrheit und Methode (Gadamer). See Truth and Method

We (On), primordial, 66

Weltanschauungen (World views), 41

Wesenschau (Eidetic insight), 183

Whitehead, A. N., 130, 133

Whorf, Benjamin Lee, 84

Winch, Peter, 41-42, 48

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 42, 53 n.48, 83, 187, 193 n.32

Woolgar, S.: Laboratory Life, 47

World, 15-16, 83, 129

World views (Weltanschauungen), 41

Writing, 112-14, 132, 163

Xenophanes, 128

Ζoon logon ekon: as Greek definition of man, 183

Zur Seinsfrage (Heidegger), 71