ANIMAL INDEX

Those animals about which some behavioral information is given in the text are indexed here. Generic and specific names are given for most classes. Orders are included for mammals, insects, and other invertebrates. Vernacular names are also supplied where possible.

MAMMALS

Montremata

Echidna, 342

(Echidna aculeata Shaw)

Ornithorhynchos, 343

Marsupialia

Dasyurides, 344

Dendrolagus, 344

Dromiciops, 344

Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Ramsey, 344

Kangaroo, 344, 345

Macropus (Megaleia) rufus (DESM), 344

Marmosa, 344

Sminthopsis, 344

Trichosurus vulpecula, 344

Insectivora

Blarina, 346, 347

Centetes, 132

Crocidura russula (HERM), 346

Echinops telfairi Martin, 346

Erinceus europaeus L., 346

Neomys fodiens, 347

Petrodomus, 346, 347

Potamogale velox de Chaillu, 346

Rhynchocyon, 347

Sorex vagrans, 346, 347

Talpa, 347

Dermaptera

Cynocephalus, 347

Chiroptera

bats, 128, 130, 131, 137, 154-162

Erophylla planifrons, 349

Hypsignathus monstrosus, 349

Myotis, 159, 349

Pteropus giganteus Brunn, 348-350

Rhinolophus, 157

Primates

African Redtail Monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius), 498

Allen’s Swamp Monkey (Allenopithecus), 29

Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), 475, 476

baboons (Papio, spp.), 114, 492, 493

Barbary Ape (Macaca sylvana), 492

Black-and-white Colobus (Colobus “guereza”), 498

Black Lemur (Lemur macaco), 473, 474

Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata), 492

Brown Capuchin (Cebus apella), 483

Brown Lemur (Lemur fulous), 475

Bushbabies (galagos) (Galago senegalensis), 476, 477

Cebus Monkeys (Cebus, sp.), 483

Chimpanzees (Pan, sp.), 114, 499, 500

Common Marmoset (Hapale jacchus), 483, 499

Cotton-headed Tamarin (Oedipomidas oedipus), 483

Crab-eating Macaque (Macaca irus), 498

Dwarf Lemurs (Cheirogaleus major), 473, 474

Fork-marked Mouse Lemur (Phaner furcifer), 474

Formosan Rock Macaque (Macaca cyclopis), 492

Gelada Baboon (Papio gelada), 493

Gibbons (Hylobates, sp.), 61, 71, 132, 499

Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), 131, 499

Great white Sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi), 475.

Grey Gentle Lemur (Hapalemur griseus), 474

Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas), 2, 21,28

Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata), 118, 132, 480, 482

Humans (Homo sapiens), 500-502

Indris (Indri, sp.), 475

Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata), 491, 492

Langurs (Presbtjtis entellus), 498, 499

Long-nosed Tree Shrew (Tupaia glis), 466

Loris (Loris tardigradus), 477, 478

Mandrill (Papio sphinx), 493

Mangabeys (Cercocebus albigena), 493

Maroon Leaf Monkey (Presbytis rubicunda), 499

Mongoose lemur (Lemur mongaz), 475

Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus), 473, 474

Night Monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), 54, 479

Nilgiri Langur (Presbytis johni), 499

Olive Colobus Monkey (Procolobus [Colobus] Verus), 498

Orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus), 499

Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas), 498

Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina), 492

Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), 475, 499

Red-bellied Lemur (Lemur rubriventer), 474

Red Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), 483

Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta), 35, 114, 471, 484, 485, 490, 491, 557

Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta), 473, 474

Ruffed Lemur (Lemur variegatus), 473, 474

Siamang (Symphalangia, sp.), 499

Silvered Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus cristalus), 499

Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), 110, 481

Titi Monkeys (Callicebus moloch), 112, 479

Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), 109, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498

Weasel Lemur (Lepilemur mustelinus), 474

White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus albifrons), 483

Woolly Lemur (Lichanotus laniger), 475

Edentata

Bradypus tridactylus boliviensis Gray, 350

Euphractus, 350

Myrmecophaga, 350

Tamandua, 350

Pholiodota, 351

Lagomorpha

Leporidae, 88, 90, 131, 351

Lepus, 351

Lepus alleni, 352

Lepus californicus, 352

Lepus callotis, 352

Lepus townsendii, 352

Ochotona hyperborea yessoensis Kishida, 352

Ochotona princeps, 351

Oryctolagus, 351

Oryctolagus cuniculus, 351, 352

rabbits, 88, 90, 131

Sylvilagus aquaticus, 352

Rodentia

Aplodontia, 353

Arvicola terrestris scherman Shaw, 353

beaver (Castor), 89, 97, 353, 356

Cavia, 353, 354

Citellus, 355

Clethrionomys, 29, 354, 355

Cricetus, 353, 354, 356

Cuniculus, 356

Cynomys, 140, 355

Dolichotis, 353, 356

Eliomys quercinus, 355

Erethizon, 353

Erethizon dorsatus, 355

Gerbillus, 356

Glis glis, 353, 354

Hystrix, 132, 356

Jaculus, 356

Lagostomus trichodactylus, 355

Lemmus lemmus, 354

Marmota, 353, 355

Meriones, 356

Mesocricetus, 353, 354

Micromys, 354

Micromys minutus, 355

Microtus agrestis, 355

Microtus grandti, 355

Mus, 22, 131, 353, 354

Muscardinus, 354

Neotomys sumichrasti, 355

Ondatra, 353

Peromyscus maniculatus, 354

Peromyscus nasurtus, 354

Rattus, 353, 354

Sciurus, 353, 354

Tamias striatus, 355

Tatera, 356

Cetacea

blackfish, slender (Feresa attenuata), 443

dolphin, Amazon (boto; bufeo) (Inia geoffrensis), 435

dolphin, Atlantic white-sided (Lagenorhynchus acutus), 438

dolphin, blue, blue-white, or Euphrosyne (Stenella caeruleoalba), 439

dolphin, bottle-nosed (Tursiops truncates), 440-443

dolphin, bridled (Stenella frontalis), 439

dolphin, broad-beaked (Lagenorhyn-chus electra), 439

dolphin, cape (Delphinus capensis), 439

dolphin, common or saddleback (Delphinus delphis), 439

dolphin, dusky (Lagenorhynchus cruciger), 439

dolphin, long-beaked (Stenella longirostris), 439

dolphin, narrow-snouted (Stenella attenuata), 439

dolphin, Pacific white-sided or striped (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) = (Lagenorhynchus thicolea), 439

dolphin, red-bellied (Delphinus roseiventris), 439

dolphin, rough-toothed (Steno bredanensis), 440

dolphin, Sarawak (Lagenodelphis hosei), 439

dolphin, spotted (Stenella plagiodon), 439

dolphin, white-beaked (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), 438

Gadamu (Tursiops aduncus), 128, 442

grampus, gray grampus, or Risso dolphin (Grampus griseus), 442

porpoise, Burmeister or black porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis), 134, 137

porpoise, Dall (Phocoenoides dalli), 438

porpoise, Dall (Phocoenoides truei), 438

porpoise, Gulf of California (Phocoena sinus), 438

porpoise, harbor (Phocoena phocoena), 438

porpoise, spectacled (Phocoena dioptrica), 438

porpoise tursiopus, 128, 141

whale, Arnoux beaked (Berardius arnouxi), 445

whale, black right (Balaena glacialis), 446-448

whale, Blainville beaked (Mesoplodon densirostris), 444

whale, blue (Balaenoptera musculus), 449-450

whale, bowhead (Balaena mysticetus), 446-448

whale, Bryde (Balaenoptera edeni), 449

whale, common pilot or common blackfish (Globicephala melaena), 442, 443

whale, false killer (Pseudorca crassidens), 443

whale, fin or finback (Balaenoptera physalus), 449

whale, giant bottlenosed or Baird beaked (Berardius bairdi), 445

whale, goose-beaked or Cuvier beaked (Ziphius cavirostris), 445

whale, gray (Eschrichtius gibbosus), 449

whale, Gulf Stream beaked (Mesoplodon europaeus = Mesoplodon gervaisi), 444

whale, Hector beaked (Mesoplodon hectori), 444

whale, humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), 449-450

whale, Japanese beaked (Mesoplodon ginkgodens), 444

whale, killer (Orcinus orca), 444, 450-458

whale, Longman beaked (Mesoplodon pacificus), 444

whale, Minke or little piked (Balenoptera acutorostrata), 448

whale, North Atlantic black right (Balaena glacialis glacialis), 446-448

whale, North Pacific black right (Balaena glacialis japonica), 446-448

whale, North Pacific pilot or North Pacific blackfish (Globicephala scammoni), 443

whale, Northern bottle-nosed or flat-headed bottle-nosed (Hyperoodon ampullatus), 445

whale, pygmy sperm (Kogia breviceps), 446

whale, pygmy sperm (Kogia simus), 446

whale, saber-toothed or Stejneger beaked (Mesoplodon stejnegeri), 444

whale, scamperdown (Mesoplodon grayi), 444

whale, Sei (Balaenoptera borealis), 449

whale, short-finned pilot; short-finned blackfish (Globicephala macrorhyncha), 443

whale, southern black right (Balaena glacialis australis), 446-448

whale, southern bottle-nosed, or flat-headed bottle-nosed (Hyperoodon planifrons), 445

whale, Sowerby beaked (Mesoplodon bidens), 444

whale, sperm (Physeter catodon), 445, 446

whale, Tasman beaked (Tasmacetus shepherdi), 444

whale, true beaked (Mesoplodon mirus), 444

whale, white (beluga) (Delphinapterus leucas), 436-437

Carnivora

Arctitis, 365, 366

Arctogalidia trivirgata, 365

Bassaricyon, 365

Canis, 25-28, 41, 139, 360, 363, 367

Canis lupus, 359, 369

Chaus, 366

Crocuta crocuta, 360

Cryptoprocta ferox, 365

Felidae, 366, 368, 369

Felis concolor, 134, 366

Genetta tigrina, 365, 366

Helogale, 365, 366

Helogale undulata rufula, 361

Herpestes, 365, 366

Herpestes ichneumon, 365

Lynx, 367

Martes martes, 360, 361

Mungos, 365, 366

Mustela nivalis, 360

Neofelis nebulosa, 367

Panthera onca, 367

Panthera pardus, 366, 367

Panthera tigris, 367

Panthera uncia, 367

Pinnipedia

sea lion, Australian or white-capped (Neophoca cinerea), 418

sea lion, California (Zalophus californianus), 413-418

sea lion, Galapagos (Zalophus californianus wollebaeki), 418

sea lion, Japanese (Zalophus californianus japonicus), 418

sea lion, New Zealand (Neophoca hookeri), 418

sea lion, South American (Otaria byronia), 407

sea lion, Steller or northern (Eumetopias jubatus), 407-413

seal, bearded (Erignathus barbatus), 424-425

seal, Caribbean monk (Monachus tropicalis), 425

seal, crabeater (Lobodon carcinophagus), 425

seal, northern elephant (Mirounga angustirostris), 431-435

seal, southern elephant (Mirounga leonina), 431-435

seal, Kerguelen fur (Arctocephalus tropicalis), 419

seal, northern fur (Callorhinus ursinus), 419-422

seal, Philippi fur or Guadalupe (Arctocephalus philippi), 419

seal, South African fur (Arctocephalus pusillus), 419

seal, harbor, Eastern Atlantic (Phoca vitulina vitulina), 422

seal, harbor, Western Atlantic (Phoca vitulina concolor), 422

seal, harbor, Eastern Pacific (Phoca vitulina richardi), 422

seal, harbor, Western Pacific (Phoca vitulina largha), 422

seal, harbor, Seal Lakes (Phoca vitulina mellonae), 422

seal, harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus), 423

seal, Hawaiian monk (Monachus schauinslandi), 425

seal, hooded or bladdernose (Cystophora cristata), 431

seal, leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx), 425, 426

seal, Mediterranean monk (Monachus monachus), 425

seal, ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata), 423

seal, ringed Arctic Ocean (Pusa hispida hispida), 423

seal, ringed, Baltic Sea (Pusa hispida botnica), 423

seal, ringed Bering Sea (Pusa hispida krascheninikovi), 423

seal, ringed Lake Ladoga (Pusa hispida ladogensis), 423

seal, ringed Lake Saimaa (Pusa hispida saimensis), 423

seal, ringed, Okhotsk Sea (Pusa hispida ochotensis), 423

seal, Ross (Ommatophoca rossi), 425

seal, Weddell (Leptonychotes weddelli), 426-430

walrus, North Atlantic race (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), 422

walrus, North Pacific race (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), 422

Sea Otters

sea otter (Enhydra lutris), 407

Sirenians

Dugong (Dugong dugon), 435

manatee, Amazon (Trichechus inunguis), 435

manatee, Caribbean (Trichechus manatus), 435

manatee, West African (Trichechus senegalensis), 435

sea cow, Steller or great northern (Hydrodamalis gigas), 435

Spilogale putorius, 361, 365

Suricata, 365

Ursidae, 366

Viverridae, 365

Viverricula, 366

Vulpes, 358, 359, 364

Vulpes macrotis, 360

Vulpes vulpes, 370-372

Tubulidentata

Orycteropus afer, 373-374

Proboscoidea

elephant, 374-376

Loxodonta, 374-376

Hyracoidea

Dendrohyrax, 375

Dendrohyrax dorsalis emini, 377

Heterohyrax, 377

Procavia, 377

Perissodactyla

Equidae, 379-381

Equus asinus, 378, 382

Equus burchelli, 378, 381, 382

Equus caballus, 378

Equus grevyi, 378, 382

Equus hemionus, 378

Equus przewalskii, 378

Equus zebra, 378

Rhinoceros, 378

Rhinoceros unicornis, 378, 379

Rhinocerotidae 378-379

Tapirus, 378, 382

Artiodactyla

Alces, 387, 393

Ammodorcas clarkei, 384

Ammotragus lervia, 384

Antidorcas, 383

Antilope, 394

Antilope cervicapra, 384, 385, 392

Bibos gaurus, 389

Bison (Bison bonasus, Bison bison), 384, 390

Bos, 389, 390, 392

Bos elaphus, 394

Bos grunniens, 390

Boselaphini, 392

Boselaphus tragocamelus, 384, 392

Camelus, 387

Capreolus, 383

Caprini, 388, 389-391

Cervidae, 386, 387, 391

Cervus elaphus, 388

Cervus elaphus canadensis, 384

Choeropsis, 384, 387

Dicotyles, 383

Gazella, 110, 391

Gazella benetti, 384

Giraffa, 388

Giraffidae, 394

Hippopotamus, 384, 387, 393, 394

Lama (Lama guanaco), 388, 391

Moschus, 384, 391

Muntjacus, 385

Odocoileus, 384, 394

Okapia, 388

Ourebia, 384

Pecari, 387

Phacochoerus, 384, 386, 387, 390

Potamochoerus, 383

Potamochoerus choeropotamus, 386

Potamochoerus porcus, 386

Rupicapra, 383

Sus, 386

Tayassu albirostris, 386, 387

Tragelaphus, 134, 385, 392

Tylopoda, 384

BIRDS

blackbird (Icteridae)

(Turdus merula), 316, 325

Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), 116

Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), 18, 134

bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), 650

budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), 36, 45

bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), 42, 145, 331

bunting (Emberiza), 54

chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), 42, 54, 111, 139, 316, 317-320, 322-324

chiffchaff (Phylloscopus cellybita), 314, 315

Corvidae

crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), 650, 655

duck (Anatidae), 46, 107, 314

Peking duck (Ansenformes), 316

eider, Stellar (Poloysticta stelleri), 119

finch (Fringillidae), 113, 138, 141

Gouldian finch (Peephila gouldiae), 312, 314

flycatchers, new world (Tyrannidae), 51, 55, 56, 132

fowl, domestic (Gallus domesticus), 41, 111, 316, 326

gallus gallus

goose (Anser spp.), 313

gulls (Larus spp.), 112, 115

glaucos gull (L. hyperboreus), 116

herring gull (L. argentatus), 39, 54, 650, 655

kittiwake gull (L. tridactylus), 119

hazelgrouse (Tetrastes bonasia), 131

honey guide (Indicatoridae), 140

hummingbird, Anna’s (Calypte anna), 105

junco, Oregon (Junco oreganus), 326, 327

kingbird, eastern (Tyrannus tyrannus), 52, 53, 54

lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)

(Belonoptesus Chilensis), 134

lark, crested (Galerida c. cristata), 331, 332

manakin, gold-collared (Pipridae), 120, 131

mockingbird (Mimus polyglottis), 330

mynah, Indian hill (Gracula religiosa intermedia), 311, 330

ovenbird (Seiurus aurocappilus), 141

owl (Strigiformes), 131

penguin, emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), 130

pewee, eastern wood (Contopus virens), 56

ploceid, brood parasites (Ploceidae), 42

pigeon (Columba livia), 134

doves (Columbidae), 117

racing pigeon, 50

wood pigeon, 131

pipit, tree (Anthus t. trivialis), 320

prairie chicken (Tympanuchus spp.), 131

quelea (Quelea quelea), 650

robin, 141

American (Turdus migratorius)

European (Erithracus rubecula), 35, 37, 145, 321

schamana (Copsychus malabaricus), 141

shrike (Lanius erythrogaster), 138, 140, 333

bou-bou shrike (Laniarius aethiopicus), 334

snipe (Gallingo), 131

sparrow (Fringillidae)

green-backed (Arremonops conirostris), 54

song (Melospiza melodia), 56

white-crowned (Ζonotrichia leucophrys nuttali), 328-329

starling (Sturnus vulgaris), 649, 651

stork (Ciconiidae), 131

thrush (Turdidae)

shama (Copsychus malabaricos), 332

song (Turdus philomelos), 317

turkey (Meleagrididae), 128

warbler (Parulidae)

willow (Phylloscopus trochilus), 314, 315

wood (Phylloscopus sibilatrix), 315

weaverbird, 119, 120

whitethroat (Sylvia communis), 316

wren, 141

woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), 131

woodpecker (Picidae), 131

AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES

alligator (Alligator mississipiensis), 302

Ambystoma, 293

maculatum

opacum

tigrinum

Autarchoglossid, 303

boomslang (Dispholidus), 306

bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), 294

caecilian (Siphonops annulatus), 290

caiman, 87

chameleon, African (Chameleo), 305

cobra

Naja, 306

Ophiophagus, 306

Dasypeltis, 306

Echis, 306

Ficimia, 306

frog

Aquatic Pig Frog (Rana grylil), 295

cliff (Syrrhophus marnocki), 296

dendrobatid (Prostherapis trinitatis), 295

european (Rana temporaria), 298

green (Rana clamitans), 294

leopard (Rana pipiens), 133

leptodactylid, 290, 291, 295, 299, 300

Ceratophrys ornata

Chacophrys

Lepidobatrachus llanensis

Odontophrynus

Pleurodema

Pleurodema bibroni

gecko, tokay (Gecko gecko), 303

hellbender (Cryptobranchus), 292

Hylidae

Hyla

ewingi, 299

faber, 296

regilla, 295

versicolor, 299

Pseudacris, 299

iguana, desert (Dipsosaurus), 305

lizard, 19, 112

fringe-toed (Uma), 305