Contents
I. The Aim and Structure of the Semiotic Theory of Language
1. A Semiotic Definition of Language
2. The Principle of Semiotic Relevance and Homonymy
3. Saussure’s Notion of the Sign
4. Linguistics as a Part of Semiotics
5. The Goals of Linguistic Theory and the Semiotic Basis of Abstraction
6. Synchronic Linguistics and Diachronic Linguistics
8. The Semiotic versus Generativist Notion of Language
1. The Phoneme and Distinctive Features
2. Physical and Functional Segmentation of the Speech Flow
3. Further Problems of Functional Identity
4. Distinctive Features and Experimental Phonetics
6. Some Misconceptions about the Phonological Antinomies
7. Remarks on Bohr’s Complementarity Principle and Dialectics
9. Alternative Theories of the Phoneme and the Distinctive Features
10.2 Are Monovocalic Phonological Systems Possible?
10.3 Phonological Structure of the Syllable
10.4 The Primary and Secondary Functions of Vowels and Consonants in the Syllable
10.5 Comments on the Notion ‘Extrasyllabic Consonant’
1. Two Levels of Grammar: Genotype Grammar and Phenotype Grammar
2. The Basic Notions of Genotype Grammar
5. Constituency and Dependency as Complementary Notions
6. The Structure of the Sentence
6.3 Functional Transposition and Superposition
8. The Typology of Sentence Constructions
9. The Paradox of Ergativity and Functional Superposition
10. Some Implications of the Integrated Theory of Ergativity for Linguistic Typology
10.1 Ergativity as a Grammatical Category
10.2 Accessibility to Relative Clause Formation
10.3 Voices in Ergative Languages
10.5 The Class of Ergative Languages
10.6 The Practical Results Anticipated
11. An Informal Theory of Passivization
11.1 The Basic Structure of Passive
11.2 Impersonal Passive Constructions
12. Alternative Theories of Passivization
12.1 Generative-Transformational Grammar
12.3 The Demotion Theory of Passivization
13. The Formalism of Applicative Grammar
13.1 The Formal System of Applicative Grammar
13.3 Combinators in Applicative Grammar
13.4 Assignment of Types to Combinators
13.5 Construction Rules, Replacement Rules, and Structure-Changing Rules
13.6 Deductive Processes: Reduction and Expansion
13.7 Sample Formalization: A Formal Theory of Passive and Antipassive
13.7.1 Short and Long Passive Constructions
13.7.2 Formal Reduction from the Long Passive Construction
13.7.3 Impersonal Passive Constructions
13.7.4 Impersonal Passive Constructions with Transitive Predicates
13.7.5 Passivization of the Tertiary Term
13.7.6 Passive and Antipassive Predicates and Constructions
13.8 Sample Formalization: Reflexive Constructions
13.9 Sample Formalization: Causative Constructions
13.10 Sample Formalization: Sentence Nests
14. A Comparison of Applicative Grammar and Montague Grammar
15. A Comparison of Applicative Grammar and Generative-Transformational Grammar
16. A Comparison of Applicative Grammar and Relational Grammar
17. A Comparison of Applicative Grammar and the Lexical-Functional Grammar of Bresnan
18. The Place of Applicative Grammar among Other Semiotic Systems
1. The Task of Phenotype Grammar
3. The Structure of the Word and Morphological Formatives
1. Empirical and Conceptual Problems in Linguistics
2. The Analytical-Deductive Method and Imaginary Experiments
3. The Special Role of Linguistic Anomalies
4. The Complementarity Principle and the Centaur Concepts
5. Static and Dynamic Meta-languages
6. The Role of Analogies in the Semiotic Theory of Language
7. The Use and Abuse of Mathematical Formalism