INDEX

Abbott, Edwin A., 108

“About That” (Pro Eto), by Mayakovsky, 128, 141, 145–47, 150

Adventures of Oktiabrina [film], 169

aesthetes, generation of: 9–10ff, 18, Table I, II, III; Lunacharsky, 35; Dobuzhinsky, 71, 73; Meyerhold, 82, 85, 187

Agadzhanova-Shutko, Nina, 173

aging, and avant-garde, vii, 185, 227n10

agitation technique, 14–15

agit-trains, 76–77, 164

Akhmatova, Anna, 136

AKhRR (Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia), 141–42

Akselrod, Paul, 36

Aleksinsky, G. A., 50, 51, 209n46, Table IX

Alexander III, 10, 38

Alexander Nevsky [film], 178

Alexandrov, G. V., 174, Table XIII

Aliakrinsky, P. A., Table XII

All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), 77

Altman, Nathan, 56, 143, 156, Table VI, X, XI

Andersen, Troels, 111

Andreev, Leonid N., 185–86

Andreeva, Maria, 44, 50

Annenkov, Yu., Table VI

antagonism technique, 14, 80

anthroposophy, 104–6

Antonov, A. I., 35–36

Apollinaire, Guillaume, 52, 109

Appia, Adolphe, 83

Arapov, A. A., Table VI, VII

Archipenko, Alexander P., Table VI, X

architecture, Soviet, 15

Arkhip, Table IX

“Art and Revolution,” by Wagner, 33

Art Nouveau, 12, 34, 60

art schools, 10, 56, 60, 62–63, 66, 88, 114, 124, 136, 141, 157, 220n51

Aseev, Nikolai, 136, 146, 223n42

Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia (AKhRR), 141–42

Atasheva, Pera, 178

Aubes, Les (The Dawn), by Verhaeren, 31–32, 168, 183

avant-garde: defined, 3; and Revolution, 3–4ff, 15–16, 182–84; view of immortality, 15–21, 184; view of death, 20–21, 186–87; diversity, 180; death of, 188

Avenarius, Richard, 23, 28, 37, 46, 48

Avilov, N. P., Table IX

Azbe, Anton, 62–63, 66

Baikova, Z. A., Table VII

Bakst, Leon N., 211n1, Table IV

Balaganchik (The Fairground Booth), by Blok, 21, 82, 93, 95–98, 99, 184, 216n31

Baranov-Russine, D., Table VI, VII

Barnet, B. V., Table XIII

Bart, V. S., Table VIII

Bathhouse, The, by Mayakovsky, 149–50

Baudelaire, Charles, 10, 94

Baudouin de Courtenay, S., Table VIII

Bauhaus, 34

Bazarov, V. A. (Rudnev), 46, 49, Table IX

Beardsley, Aubrey V., 60, 65, 72

Bechofer-Roberts, Carl, 220n40

Becker, Carl L., 17

Bedbug, The, by Mayakovsky, 149

“Before and Now,” poster by Moor, 77

Bekteev, V., Table V, VIII

Beliakov, 1.1., Table XIII

Belyi, Andrei, 12, 94, 106, 214n4

Benois, Alexander N., 156, 210n1, 212n10, Table IV

Berdyaev, Nikolai A., 5, 38–39, 40, 41, 99

Berger, John, 6–7

Bergman, Ingmar, viii

Bergson, Henri, 16–17, 26–27

Berlin: Russian artists in, 142–43, 222n29

Besant, Annie, 103, 104, 107, 183, 220n40

Bessalko, P. K., 52, 56, Table IX

Bilibin, Ivan Y., 62, 65, 69, 93, 211n1, 212n10, Table IV, V

Billington, James, 6

biomechanics, 15, 81, 82, 168

Birth of Tragedy, The, by Nietzsche, 33, 96

Blavatsky, Elena P., 103, 106, 110, 183

Blok, Alexander A.: 13, 93, 94, 95–96; Balaganchik, 21, 82, 93, 95–98, 184, 216n31

Blue Bird, The, by Maeterlinck, 23, 31, 183

Blue Rider group, 10, 61, 104, 116, 117, 153

Blue Rose group, 10, 114, 182, 185, 219n33, Table I, II, VII, VIII

Boccioni, Umberto, 53

Boehme, Jacob, 18

Bogdanov, Alexander A., 33, 38, Table IX; philosophy, 39–41, 45, 49, 54; and Bolsheviks, 41–43, 49–50, 51; and Proletkult, 56

bogoiskatel’stvo (god-construction), 19, 24, 38–39, 41, 45, 49, 50, 51

Bogoslavskaya, Xenia, 117, 123, Table VI, XI

Bologna, Bolshevik school in, 50–51, 209n46

Bolshevik schools, 48, 49–51, 209n46

Bolshevism, 5, 41, 42–43, 44, 49, 141

books for workers, 43, 44–45, 69

Borisov-Musatov, Viktor, 114, Table VI

Bossi, E., Table VIII

Boucher, Alfred, 54

Boullée, Étienne, 154

Bragdon, Claude, 101, 109–11, 118, 120, 121, 218n21, 218n25

Braque, Georges, 53, 111

Braun, Eduard, 216n30

Braz, O. E., 65, 211n1, Table IV, V

Brianchaninov, Alexander, 220n49

Brik, Lily, 129, 136, 140, 144–45, 150

Brik. Osip, 136, 139, 146, 149, 223n42

Brodaty, L. G., Table XII

Brominsky, P., Table VII

Brüche, Die, group, 182

Bucke, Richard M., 119, 121, 183

Bulakovsky, S., Table VI, X

Burliuk, David D., 114, 115, 131, 133–34, 136, 137, 140, 147, Table V, VI, VII, VIII

Burliuk, Vladimir D., 114, 115, Table V, VI, VII, VIII

Burov, Ya. I., 77

Bushkin, A. I., Table XIII

Capri, Bolshevik school in, 49–50

Carter, Huntley, 5, 205n2

cartoons, 15, 63–65

Cams, Paul, 30

censorship, 183

Cezanne, Paul, 111

Chagall, Marc, 8, 14, 53, 54, 56, 141

Chaikov, I., Table VI

Chaliapin, Feodor I., 14, 50

Chavannes, Pierre Puvis de, see Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre

Chekhov, Anton P., 89, 90, 91

Chekrygin, Vasily, 135, 145

Cheremnykh, Mikhail M., 77, Table XII

Chernyshevsky, Nikolai G., What Is to Be Done?, 40

Children of the Sun, by Gorky, 19

Christian imagery in poetry, 129

Christian Science, 26, 103

Chukovsky, Kornei, 130, 131, 135, 136, 139

Chulkov, Georgy, 93, 94

cinema, Russian, 163–65, Table XIII

city, cult of the, 13

Clair, René, Entr’acte [film], 163

Clark, Kenneth M., 182

collage, 14, 112, 156

collectivism, 13–14, 39–40

commedia dell’arte theater, 96, 168–69

Commissariat for Public Enlightenment (Narkompros), see Narkompros

Comte, Auguste, 17, 23, 28, 32, 46

Condorcet, Antoine N., 17

Confession, by Gorky, 19, 43

constructivism, 85, 141, 151, 158, 161

constructivists: generation of, 9, 11–12ff, 19, 141, 143, 151, 187, Table I, II, III; Meyerhold, 81; Eisenstein, 105

Cook, Theodore, The Curves of Life, 152

Cosmic Consciousness, by Bucke, 119

Craig, Gordon, 83, 168

Crane, Walter, 65

Creative Evolution, by Bergson, 26–27

Croce, Benedetto, 23, 27

Crommelynck, Fernand, The Magnanimous Cuckold, 81

cube, symbolism of the, 102, 125

Dada, Berlin, 143–44, 149

Dalcroze, Émile Jaques-, see Jaques- Dalcroze, Émile Daumier, Honoré, 65

Dawn, The (Les Aubes), by Verhaeren, 31–32, 168, 183

death, viii, 16; and Russian avant-garde, 20–21, 186–87; Meyerhold’s view of, 21; Lunacharsky’s view of, 21, 41, 48, 57; Dobuzhinsky’s view of, 21, 70–71; Eisenstein’s view of, 21, 162, 176–77; Pearson on, 29; and symbolism, 30; Maeterlinck’s view of, 23, 30–31, 57, 83; Bogdanov’s view of, 45; Blok’s view of, 96; Bragdon on, 101; Steiner on, 105; Mayakovsky’s view of, 128, 135.137.140, 145, 149, 150; and Russian futurism, 131; Tatlin’s view of, 161

Death of Tintagiles, by Maeterlinck, 31, 92

Dehmel, Richard, 38

Deineka, A. A., 78

Delaunay-Terk, S., Table VI

DeMille, Cecil B., Ten Commandments, 163

Denisov, V. N., Table XII

Desràtsky, V. A. (Stroev), Table IX

Diaghilev, Sergei P., 10, 14, 52, 72, 184, 210n1, Table IX

Diderot, Denis, 17

Dietzgen, Joseph, 24–25, 33–34, 45, 48, 183

Dionysius, 41, 94–95

Dobuzhinsky, Mstislav, 13, 182, Table IV, V; on death, 21, 70–71; in Munich, 62, 66–67; professional career, 56, 63–64, 67–71, 93, 100, 212n10

Dr. Mabuse [film], 162, 171–72

Dollen, M. I., Table XIII

Donkey’s Tail group, 112, 115, 117

Dostoevsky, Feodor M., 39, 40

Drittenpreis, V., Table VII

Duchamp, Marcel, 154

Duncan, Isadora, 5, 33, 34

Durkheim, Émile, 27

Dymshits-Tolstaia, S. D., 160, 224n9

Eastman, Max F., 5

Edison, Thomas A., 104

Efimov, B. E., Table XII

Ehrenburg, Ilya G., 54, 81, 142, 159

Eiffel Tower, 154, 155, 161

Eigas, V. R., Table VIII

Einstein, Albert, 25, 26

Eisenstein, Sergei M.: and cinema, 6, 14, 162, 167, 168, 170–79, Table XIII; view of death and immortality, 21, 162, 176–77, 178, 179; moment of innovation, 162, 169, 172; early life, 165–67; and theater, 167–70

Elagin, Yurii, 215n30

Elizarova, A. I., 37, 50

empiriocriticism, 23, 28–30, 39, 48

empiriomonism, 23, 39

Engelmeyer, P. K., 30

“Englishman in Moscow, An,” painting by Malevich, 125

Enough Simplicity in Every Wise Man, by Ostrovsky, 169–70

Esenin, Sergei A., 142, 144

eurhythmies, 34, 83

exhibits, art, see Blue Rider, Blue Rose, Donkey’s Tail, Garland, Golden Fleece, Jack of Diamonds, Tramway V

expressionism, German, 143, 153

Exter, Alexandra, 112, 116, 141, Table VI, VII, VIII, XI

Factory of the Eccentric Actor (FEKS), 168

Falileev, V., Table V

Falk, Robert R., 115, 116, 224n9

Faulkner, William, 1

Faust, 40–41, 48, 57

Faust and the City, by Lunacharsky, 48, 57

Favorsky, V., Table V

Fechner, Gustav T., 28–29, 152

Fedorov, Nikolai F., 129–30, 131, 135

Fels, Joseph, 44

Feofilaktov, N., Table VII

festivals: outdoor, 85; revolutionary, 14, 76, 157, 224n9

fifth dimension, 119, 124

Filonov, P., Table VI

Filosofov, D. V., 211n1, Table IV

Flagg, James M., 79

Flaherty, Robert J., 163

Flatland, by Abbott, 108

Fogol, V. P., Table XIII

Fomin, G. E., Table IX

Fonvizin, A. V., Table V, VII, VIII

fourth dimension, 26, 101, 102, 108–11, 118–19, 123–25

Fourth Dimension, The, by Hinton, 109, 118, 183

Franko, Ivan, 129

Free Art Studios (Svomas), 56, 157, 159, 161

Freedom for Art group (Svoboda Iskusstvu), 156–57

Freud, Sigmund, 185

Fuchs, George, 84–85, 99, 168, 183; influence on Meyerhold, 82, 95, 96, 98–99, 168, 183, 215n30

Fueloep-Miller, René, 5

futurism: Russian, 11, 112–13, 116, 130–31, 133–34ff, 140; Italian, 13, 115, 131, 139, 182

futurists, generation of, 9, loff, 18–19, 102, 135, 187, Table I, II, III; Moor, 75; Malevich, 113; Mayakovsky, 131, 135

Gabo, Naum, 141, 142, 158, Table V, VI

Galadzhov, P. S., Table XIII

Garland Group, 10, 115, 185, 219n33, Table I, II, VII, VIII

Gastev, A. K., 35, 53, 56, Table IX

Gay, Peter, 9

Genim, R., Table V

Gerasimov, M. P., 53, Table IX

Gilbreth, Frank B., 35

Glagoleva, A. S., Table VII

Gleizes, Albert L., 109

glider, Letatlin, 15a, 154, 161

god-construction (bogostroitel’stvo), 19, 24.45, 49, 50, 51

god-seeking (bogoiskatel’stvo), 38–39, 41

Godwin, William, 17

Goethe, Johann W. von, 41, 94, 105

Golden Fleece exhibit, 112, Table VIII

Golden Section, 152, 223n1

Gomorov, Mikhail, 174

Goncharov, D. D., 38

Goncharova, Natalia S., 115, 134, 155, Table VII, VIII.

Gorky, Maxim, 19, 35, 93, 184, Table IX; and Lunacharsky, 24, 42–45, 49–51; and Bolsheviks, 42–44; financed journals, 42, 55, 69–70; and Mayakovsky, 136, 138, 147

Gorter, Hermann, 24

Goskino (State Cinema Committee), 171, 172

Grabar, Igor E., 63, 65, 67, 69, 211n1, Table IV, V

graphics, 63–65, 80, 211n9, 211n10

Gray, Camilla, 111

Greiffenturm, Foregger von, 168, 169

Grekov, B. D., 8

Griboedov, Aleksandr S., Woe From Wit, 81, 87, 91

Griffith, David W., 162, 163, 170

Grishchenko, A. V., 156

Gropius, Walter, 34, 153

Grosz, Georg, 143, 144

Grzhebin, Zinovii, 65, 66, 69, 70, Table V

Gulbransson, Olaf, 66, 74–76

Gurdjeff, George, 118, 219n40

Guro, Elena, 116

Haeckel, Ernst H., 39

Hausmann, Raoul, 143, 144, 162, 170

“Have You Volunteered?” poster by Moor, 72–73, 76–79

Heartfield, John, 144

Hedda Gabler, by Ibsen, 95

Heine, T. T., 65, 66, 67

Higher Art Studios (Vkhutemas), 141, 157

Hinton, Charles H., 108–9, 118, 183, 218n25

Holločy, Šimon, 62–63, 66

Hume, David, 28

Husserl, Edmund, 25, 28

Hylea poets, 10, 116, 133, 182, Table I, II

Ibsen, Henrik, Hedda Gabler, 95

immortality; and Russian avant-garde, viii, 15–21, 184, 186; Maeterlinck’s view of, 20, 129; Whitman’s view of, 20, 130; Verhaeren’s view of, 20, 129; Mach’s view of, 20, 29, 41; in theosophy, 20, 103, 105, 118–19; Lunacharsky’s view of, 21, 23, 57–58, 100, 183; Malevich’s view of, 126; Blok’s view of, 129; Federov’s view of, 129–30; Mayakovsky’s view of, 130, 135. 140, 145, 149, 156; Tatlin’s view of, 161; Eisenstein’s view of, 162, 176, 178, 179; Jung on, 186; Rank on, 186

Inkhuk (Institute for Artistic Culture), 101, 124, 161

intellectual revolution, 1890-1914, 25–32

International, Third (Communist), monument to the, 157–61

Intolerance [film], 163, 170–71

Istomin, K., Table V

Ivan the Terrible [film], 178, 179

Ivanov, Viacheslav L, 82, 93, 94–95, 106

Izdebsky, Vladimir, 112

Jack of Diamonds group, 10, 112, 115, 116, 117, 133, 155, 185, Table VIII

Jakobson, Roman, 6, 140

James, William, 16, 27, 30, 108

Jaques-Dalcroze, Emile, 34, 83

Jinarajadasa, C., 110, 218n22

journals, 106, 112, 136, 139, 142, 148; Bolshevik, 41ff, 50, 53, 55, 69; satirical, 59, 63ff, 70, 71ff, 80, 86, 93, 212n10

Jugendstil, 10, 34, 63

Julian the Apostate, by Merezhkovsky, 18

Jung, Carl G., 101, 103, 186

Kalinen, F. I., 53, 56, Table IX

Ramenskaia, Anna, 106, 183

Kamensky, V., Table XI

Kandinsky, Vasily, 8, 12, 61, 112, 115, 116, 141, 219n34, 224n9, Table V, VIII; and theosophy, 20, 104, 106–7, 153

Kanoldt, A., Table VIII

Karakhan, Ivan, 132

Kardovsky, Dimitry N., 62, 65, 66, 211n1, Table IV, V

Karl, Table IX

Kaufman, D. A. (Vertov), 164, 170, Table XIII

Kaufman, M. A., Table XIII

Kautsky, Karl J., 34, 46, 48

Kelin, P. I., 74, 132–33

Kerzhentsev, P. M. (Lebedev), 77, Table XII

Khlebnikov, Velimir, 131, 133, 161

Khokhlova, A. S., Table XIII

Khrushchev, I.A., Table IX

Kikoine, M., Table VI, X

Kircher, Athanasius, 154

Kirillova, A., Table XI

Klee, Paul, 15, 185

Klimt, Gustav, 60

Klinger, Max, 65

Klyun, I., Table XI

Knabe, L, Table VII

Kogan, M., Table V

Kokovikhin, M. N., Table IX

Kollontai, Alexandra M., 51

Komarov, S. P., Table XIII

Komissarzhevskaya, Vera, 82, 93, 98

Konchalovsky, P. P., 112, 115, 219n98, Table VI, VII

Konenkov, S. T., 224n9

Kopalin, I. P., Table XIII

Korolev, B. D., 224n9

Koukine, Mikhail, 54

Kovalevsky, M. M., 37

Kozintsev, Grigorii M., 168, Table XIII

Kozlinsky, V. I., Table XII

Krasin, Leonid B., 42, 43, 44, 50, 51

Kravchenko, A., Table V, XIII

Kremegne, Pinchus, 54, Table VI, X

Krishnamurti, 104

Krivov, T. S., Table IX

Kruchenykh, Alexei, 116

Krymov, N. P., Table VII

Kulbin, Nikolai, 13, 107, 116, 219n36

Kuleshov, Lev, 164–65, 170, 175, Table XIII

Kuprin, A. V., Table VIII

Kustodiev, Boris, 69

Kuznetsov, P. V., 112, 224n9, Table VI, VII

Kuznetsov-Vol’sky, M., Table VII

Lang, Fritz, 162, 163, 171

Langen, Albert, 66, 67

language, trans-sense (zaumnyi yazyk), 116, 131, 134

Lanseray, E. E., 69, 93, 211n1, 212n10, Table IV, VI

Larionov, Mikhail F., 115, 134, 155, Table VI, VII, VIII

La Ruche art colony, 11, 54, 185, Table I, II, X

Lavinsky, A. M., 149, Table XII

Lavrov, Peter L., 18

Leadbeater, C. W., 103, 107

Leaves of Grass, by Whitman, 53, 183

Lebedev, P. I., Table IX

Lebedev, V. V., Table XII

Lebedeva, Sara, 155

Le Corbusier, 153

Leete, Alfred, “Your Country Needs You,” 79

LEF (Left Front) circle, 149, 188, Table I, XI

LEF (Left Front) [journal], 144, 146–47, 170, 188

“Left-Wing Communism”: An Infantile Disorder, by Lenin, 24–25

Léger, Fernand, 102, 109, 115–16

Lemberg, A. G., Table XIII

Lenin, Vladimir L, 30, 35, 52; cult of, 18, 102, 124–25, 147, 188; and Lunacharsky, 24, 41, 42, 44, 47, 139; and Dietzgenism, 24–25, 45; and proletarian culture, 43, 56; and god-construction, 45, 49, 50

Lentulov, A. V., Table VI, VII, VIII

Leonardo da Vinci, 18, 151, 162

Leonidov, Ivan, 15

Letatlin glider, 152, 154, 161

Levitan, I.I., 113, 114

Levitsky, A. A., 173, 174, Table XIII

Levshin, A. I., 174, Table XIII

Liadov, M., Table IX

Lifshits, Benedikt, 133, 134, 136

Lifton, Robert J., 3

Lilienthal, Otto, 154, 161

Lipshitz, J., Table VI, X

Lissitzky, El, 7, 15, 101–2, 124, 142, 143, 206n8

Littmann, Max, 84

Lobachevsky, Nikolai I., 109

Lobanov, S. L, Table VIII

Loos, Adolf, 153

Lubitsch, Ernst, 163

Lukács, Gyorgy, 46, 47

Lunacharsky, Anatoly V., 5, 8, 32, 40, 138, 139, 159, 163, 173, Table IX; view of immortality, 21, 23, 57–58, 100, 183; philosophy, 23–25, 46–47, 187; early life, 35–38; a Marxist, 25, 36, 37–38, 41; and god-construction, 39.4L 45; journalism, 41–43, 44; view of death, 41, 48, 57; moment of innovation, 45, 48, 55; and proletarian culture, 45–48; on Capri, 49–50; at Bologna, 50–51; in Paris, 52, 53–54; and Narkompros, 56–57; and cinema, 164, 171, 224n16

Luxembourg, Rosa, 44, 62

Mach, Ernst: theories of, 19, 20, 26, 28–30, 41; influence of, 45, 46, 126, 163, 183

machine art, 5, 159

Maeterlinck, Maurice, 32, 52, 83, 92, 95, 183; on death and immortality, 20, 23, 30–31, 47, 129

magazines, see journals

Magnanimous Cuckold, The, by Crommelynck, 81

Makovsky, V. E., 68

Malevich, Kazimir S., 7, 182, Table VI, VIII; and theosophy, 2, 20, 107, 111, 121, 123–24; professional career, 72, 114–15ff, 120—21ff, 138, 156, 157, 161, 173, 175, 206n8, 224n9; and Suprematism, 101–2, 120–22, 127; moment of innovation, 102, 121, 123; early life, 113–14; on immortality, 126

Maliutin, Ivan A., 74, 78, Table XII

Mallarmé, Stéphane, 94, 95

Malthus, Thomas R., 17

Mamontov, Savva, 74, 91

Man the Square, by Bragdon, 110, 118, 120, 121

Mandelshtam, Nadezhda, 20

Mandelshtam, Osip, 136

Marc, Franz, 153

Marinetti, Emilio F. T., 112, 139, 185

Martov, Y. O., 41, 44, 51

Marx, Karl, 3

Marxism, 10, 27, 30, 33–34ff, 45, 46, 47

Mashkov Ilya I., 115, Table VIII

Materialism and Empiriocriticism, by Lenin, 24, 45, 49

Matisse, Henri, 111

Matiushin, Mikhail, 116, 127, 219n36

Matveev, A. T., Table VII, VIII

Mayakovsky, Vladimir V., 13, Table XII; professional career, 78, 133–34ff, 140–41, 144–45ff, 150; moment of innovation, 128, 140–41, 144; on death and immortality, 128, 129, 130, 135, 137, 140, 145, 149, 150, 184; and futurism, 130–31, 134–35, 137, 139; early life, 131–33; poetry, 136–37, 139, 140, 141, 145–47; and the Revolution, 137–38, 139–40, 147

Mechnikov, Elie, 19, 186

Meierzon, I. A., 158, 160, 224n12

Melnikov, Konstantin, 188

Mendelsohn, Eric, 153

Menkov, M., Table XI

Mensheviks, 41, 42

Mercereau, Alexander, 112

Merezhkovsky, Dmitry S., 18, 39

Metzinger, Jean, 109

Mexican, The, 167, 168, 176

Meyerhold, Vsevolod E., 136, 156, 178, 214n1, 215n30; on death, 21; theater director, 81–82, 90–93, 95–100, 138, 168–69, 173, 183; moment of innovation, 82, 98, 99; early life, 85–87; actor, 88–90

mid-life crisis, 185, 227n10

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 153

Mikhailovsky, N. K., 44

Mikuli, A. F., Table VIII

Milioti, N. D., Table VI, VII

Milioti, V. D., Table VII

Minkowski, Hermann, 26, 108

Minsky, N. M., 43

Mintslova, Anna, 106

Mir iskusstva (World of Art) group, ree World of Art group

Mir iskusstva (The World of Art) [journal], 52, 65, 212n10

Mogilevsky, A., Table V

moment of innovation, ix, 185, 188; Lunacharsky, 45, 48, 55; Meyerhold, 82, 98, 99; Malevich, 102, 121, 123; Tatlin, 143, 152, 157–61; Eisenstein, 162, 169, 172

Monet, Claude, 60

Mondrian, Piet, 104

monism, 19, 47

montage, 143, 162, 165, 169–72, 176, 225n28. See aho photomontage

monuments, function of, 154

Moor, D. (D. S. Orlov), 21, 70, 72–80, 100, Table XII

Moore, George E., 25

Morganov, Aleksei, 156, 224n9, Table VIII, XI

Morozov, Ivan, 112

Morozov, Savva, 89

Morris, William, 34

Moscow: artists in, 114–16

Moscow Art Theater (MAT), 88–89, 90, 91, 95, 98

Moscow Association of Artists, 115

Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture, 10, 114, 136, 141

motion pictures, see cinema Mucha, Alphonse M., 72

Miide Tod, Die (Tired Death) [film], 171

Mukhin, Boris, 172

Munich: Russian artists in, 10, 61–63, 214n4, Table V; theaters, 84; influence on Russian art, 112, 182

Munt, Olga, 87

Münter, G., Table VIII

Muraviev, Valerian, 188

Musical Dramatic School of Moscow Philharmonic Society, 88

Mystery-Bouffe, by Mayakovsky, 81, 124, 138, 140, 168

mysticism, 130

myth-making, 138

mythology of revolution, 13, 14, 159, 179, 187

Narkompros (Commissariat for Public Enlightenment), 24, 55, 56, 58, 81, 139, 141, 224n9

naturalism in theater, 82–83

Nemirovich-Danchenko, Vladimir N., 88, 89, 91

New Age, The [journal], 5, 219n40

New Artists League of Munich (Neue Künstler-Vereinigung München, NKVM), 10, 115, 219n34, Table I, II, VIII

New Economic Policy (NEP), 140, 141

Nicholas II, 69

Nietzsche, Friedrich W., 5, 14, 18, 33, .41, 46, 96

Nijinsky, Waslaw, 52

Nivinsky, I.I., 77, Table XII

Noire, Ludwig, 39

Novaia zhizn (New Life) [journal], 42, 43, 55, 69

Novitsky, P. K., Table XIII

number lore, 107–8

Numberg, A. M., Table XII

Nurok, A. P., Table IV

Nuvel, V. F., 211n1, Table IV

Obolensky, L. L., Table XIII

Obrist, Hermann, 161

Ockham, William of, 28

“October Idyll,” drawing by Dobuzhin-sky, 63–64, 69, 70

October Manifesto, 68, 69

Odessa, Potemkin filmed at, 173–75

Okhrana, 50, 62

Olbricht, Joseph, 153

Olcott, Henry G., 103

Olympic Games, 34

“150,000,000,” by Mayakovsky, 139, 150

Orage, A. R., 5, 219n40

Orlov, Dmitry S. (D. Moor), 21, 70, 72–80, 100, Table XII

Orthodox Church, 18, 106, 131, 183

Osnobchin, G. V., 30

Ostrovsky, Alexander N., Enough Simplicity in Every Wise Man, 169–70

“Pacification,” drawing by Dobuzhinsky, 63, 64, 69, 70

Pannekoek, Anton, 24

Paris, 52, 111; Russian artists in, 11, 52–54, 112, 182, 185, Table VI; influence on art, 111–13, 182

Pasternak, Leonid O., 72, 114, 142, 146, 150, 223n42

Paul, Bruno, 66

Pavlinov, P., Table V

Pavlov, Ivan P., 40

Paxton, Joseph, 152

Pearson, Karl, 29

Peretru (Wandering Troupe, Peredvizh-naia Truppa), 169

periodicals, see journals

Pestel, V., Table XI

Petrov, S. I., Table VII

Petrov-Vodkin, K. S., 61, Table V

Pevsner, Antoine, 141, 158, Table VI

phenomenology, 25, 28

photomontage, 143–44, 146, 147, 170. See also montage

Picasso, Pablo, 111, 115, 155

Pieret, Gery, 52

Plato, 16

Plekhanov, George, 34, 36–37, 44, 46

Pobedonostsev, Konstantin P., 38

Poggioli, Renato, viii, 7–8

Poincaré, Henri, 26

Pokrovsky, Mikhail N., 50, Table IX

Polenov, V. P., 68

Polonsky, Viacheslav, 77, 78, 79, 148

Popova, Liubov, 141, 156, Table VI, XI

Popper, Karl, 7

population growth, Russian, 60

Populists, Russian, 13, 18, 35

Porter, Edwin S., 163

positivism, 23, 28–32, 47

posters, 14–15. 65, 71–73. 77–79, 213n26

Potemkin [film], 6, 21, 173–76

Pougny, Ivan, 117, 121, 122, 124, 142, Table VI, XI

Pro Eto (“About That”), by Mayakovsky, 128, 141, 145–47, 150

productivism, 15, 152, 158

Prokofiev, Sergei S., 8, 173

proletarian culture, 35, 51, 52, 56, 139; Dietzgen’s influence on, 25, 33–34, 47; Lunacharsky’s theory of, 24, 43, 45–48, 54–55, 57–58

Proletarii [journal], 42, 44, 50

Proletkult, 56, 141, 167, 169, Table IX

Prometheus, 16

Pronin, Boris, 136

propaganda: art as, 14, 72, 76, 78; schools, 48–51

Pudovkin, V. I., Table XIII

Punin, Nikolai, 139, 158, 159, 161, 224n5

Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre, 53

Pythagoras, 16

Que Viva Mexico [film], 176–77

Radishchev, Alexander N., 18

Rank, Otto, 186

rayonnism (luchizm), 115, 116, 134

Realist Manifesto, 141, 158

Reflections on Violence, by Sorel, 27, 47, 48

Religion and Socialism, by Lunacharsky, 47, 51

Remizov, Aleksei M., 88, 93, 215n22

Renan, Ernst, 48

Repin, Ilya E., 60, 68, 113, 211n1, 211n3

Repnin, P. P., Table XIII

Riabushinsky, N. P., Table VII

Richtus, Jehan (Gabrielle Randon), 53

Rodchenko, Alexander, 141, 143, 146ff, 156, 223n42

Rodin, Auguste, 154

Roerich, Nikolai, 14, 118

Rogovin, N. E., Table VIII

Roland, Madame Jeanne M. P., 17

Roland-Holst, Henriette, 24

Romanov, Andrei, 50

Rosenfeld, N., Table V

ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency) windows, 15, 72, 77–78, 139, 140, Table I, XII

Rozanova, Olga, 122, 123, 244n9, Table XI

Rozhdestvensky, V. V., Table VII

Rubot, F. A., 8

Ruche, La, art colony, 11, 54, 185, Table I, II, X

Rudnev (V. A. Bazarov), 46, 49

Rudnitsky, K., 216n36

Russell, Bertrand, 25

Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP), 150

Russian Orthodox Church, 18, 106, 131. 183

Russian Revolution, 42, 43—44, 55, 71, 93; and art, 3–6, 8, 9, 11–12, 20, 68, 71, 140; and avant-garde, 3, 15–16, 182–84; and Lunacharsky, 57; and Dobuzhinsky, 63; and Moor, 76; and Meyerhold, 91, 99; and Mayakovsky, 137, 147; and Tatlin, 156–57; and Eisenstein, 162, 166; and cinema, 163–64; mythology of, 13, 14, 159, 179, 187

Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), 42, 44, 53

Russian Telegraph Agency (ROSTA) windows, 15, 72, 77–78, 139, 140, Table I, XII

St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, 10, 60

Saint-Simon, Claude, viii, 3

Samoilova, A. M., Table VIII

Sapunov, N. N., 92, Table VII

Saryan, M. S., Table VII

Sats, Ilya, 92

Savinkov, Table VIII

Schaubiihne der Zukunst, Die, by Fuchs, 82, 84–85, 95, 98

Scheebart, Paul, 153, 161

Schnitzler, Arthur, Columbine’s Scarf, 169

schools; art, 10, 56, 60, 62–63, 66, 88, 114, 124, 136, 141, 157, 220n51; socialist, 34; Bolshevik, 48, 49–51

Schulz, William, 66

Schuré, Eduard, 31

scientism, 130

Scott, Cyril M., 104

Scriabin, Alexander, 12, 14, 94, 106, 117, 123, 220n49

Sea Gull, The, by Chekhov, 83, 89

Sechenov, I. M., 40

Semper, Gottfried, 5, 153

Serebriakova, A. E., 37

Serov, V. A., 62, 68, 72, 113, 114

Seventh Seal, The [film], viii

Severianin, Igor, 133

Shapiro, T. A., 158, 160, 224n12

Sharchun, S., Table VI

Shchukin, Sergei, 112, 121, 156

Shestapolev, N., Table V

Shevchenko, Alexander, 180

Shklovsky, Viktor B., 59, 137, 142, 170, 171, 184, 223n42

Shterenberg, David, 54, 56, 142, 143, Table VI, X

Shtraukh, Maxim, 166, 167, 173, Table XIII

Shub, Esfir, 171, 172, 175, Table XIII

Sidorov, A. A., 211n9, Table V

Sievers, Marie von, 104

Simmel, George, 16

Simplicissimus [journal], 59, 65, 66–67, 68–70, 73, 74

Sister Beatrice, by Maeterlinck, 31, 95

Skobelev Committee films, 164

Skuie, S. I., Table VIII

Skvortsev, 1.1. (Stepanov), 38, 49, Table IX

Sobolev, D., Table IX

socialism, 24–25, 33–34

socialist schools, 34

Society for New Drama (Tovarishchestvo novoi dramy), 90–91, 215n22, 216n33

Soloviev, Vladimir S., 18, 39, 94, 105

Somov, K. A., 211n1, 212n10, Table IV

Sorel, Georges, Reflections on Violence, 27, 47, 48

Soutine, Chaim, 54, Table VI, X

Spinoza, Baruch, 17

spiral form in art, 152, 154

square, symbolism of, 101, 110, 122

stagecraft, 81–82, 95–98

Stalin, Joseph, 44, 45, 149, 150, 178, 179

Stalinism, 13, 21, 58, 187

Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 88, 89, 91–92

Steiner, Rudolf, 104–5, 106–7, 109, 153, 183

Stepanchikov, M. T., Table IX

Stepanov (I. I. Skvortsev), 38, 49, Table IX

Stepanova, Varvara, 141

Stiazhkina, P. A., Table IX

Stolypin, Petr A., 44

Stravinsky, Igor F., 8, 14, 52

Strike [film], 162, 172, 176

Stroganov School of Applied Arts, 10, 141

Studio Theater of Moscow Art Theater, 91–92

Sudeikin, S. Yu., 92, Table VII

Suprematism, 101–2, 107, 111, 121–22, 218n26

suprematists, Table XI

Survage, L., Table VI, VII, VIII

Svilova, E. I., Table XIII

Svoboda Iskusstvu (Freedom for Art group), 156–57

Svomas (Free Art Studios), 56, 157, 159, 161

symbolism, 30–32, 83–85, 93–94ff

Syrmus, Eduard, 53, 210n50

Tairov, Alexander, 117, 142

Takke, B. A., Table VIII

Tasteven, Genrikh, 13

Tatlin, Vladimir E., 102, 112, Table VI, XI; professional career, 121, 141, 154, 224n9, 224n12; monument, 143, 152, 157–61; glider, 152, 161; early life, 154–55; moment of innovation, 159; view of death, 151

Taut, Bruno, 153

Taylor, Frederick W., 15, 34, 40, 168

Temovets, B., Table V

Tertium Organum, by Uspensky, 118, 119, 218n25

theater, 81–84, 95–98

Theater of the Future, The, by Fuchs, 82, 84–85, 95, 98

theaters, 83, 84, 88, 90, 91ff, 169, 176, 225n27

Théâtre Guignole, 169, 176, 225n27

Theosophical Society (TS), 103–4, 106, 110, 118

theosophy, 94, 102–7, no, 153–54; and Malevich, 117, 123–24, 183, 217n3, 218n25

Third (Communist) International,monument to, 143, 152, 157–61

Thoma, Ludwig, 67

Thompson, D’Arcy, Growth and Form, 152

Thought-Forms, by Besant and Lead- beater, 107, 217n5

Tikhomirov, A., Table V

time-and-motion studies, 34, 40, 168

Tisse, Eduard, 164, 172, 174, 175, Table XIII

Tolstoi, Alexei, 142

Tolstoi, Lev N., 39, 75, 81

Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, 65

Tramway V group, 11, 117, 121, 156, 185, Table I, II, XI

trans-sense language (zaumnyi yazyk), 116, 131, 134

Trauberg, Leonid Z., 168, Table XIII

Tretiakov, Sergei, Listen, Moscow!, 170

Trotsky, Leon, 7, 18, 44, 51, 62, 149

Tyshler, A. G., 13

Udaltsova, Nadezhda, 156, 224n9, Table VI, XI

Union of Art Leaders (Soiuz deiatelei iskusstv), 156

Union of Russian Artists, 114

Union of Youth, 116, 117, 126, 134, 155, 219n36

urbanism, 13

urbanization of Russian society, 60, 181–82, 184

Uspensky, Peter D., 118–21, 123, 218n25, 219n40, 220n41

Utamaro, Kitagawa, 71

Utkin, P. S., Table VII

Vandervelde, Emile, 34, 46

Varakin, I., Table V

Vasileva, Maria, 54, Table VI, XI

Vauxcelles, Louis, 111

Verefkina, Marianne V., 61, 115, 116, 219n34, Table V, VIII

Verhaeren, Emile, 20, 23, 31–32, 52, 57, 83, 129, 168, 183

Vertov, Dziga (D. A. Kaufman), 164, 170, Table XIII

Vesnin, Alexander, 141, 155, 156

Vilonov, N. E., 50, Table IX

Vinci, Leonardo da, see Leonardo da Vinci

Vinogradov, Paul, 224n12

Vitebsk Academy, 56, 124, 220n51

Vkhutemas (Higher Art Studios), 141, 157

Vladimir Mayakovsky, by Mayakovsky, 134–35, 140

Voinov, V. V., Table XII

Volkhonsky, Sergei, 120

Volkhov, N. N., 99, 215n30

Voloshina, Margarita, 106

Vol’sky, S., Table IX

Von Stroheim, Eric, 163

Vpered (Forward) [journal], 41, 42, 43, 50, 53

Wagner, Richard, 5, 14, 32–33, 94

Wanderers, 4, 60, 113, 114, 141, 142, 182

Weber, Max, 27, 185

Werkbund, 34

What Is to Be Done? by Chernyshevsky, 40

What Is to Be Done? by Lenin, 41, 47

Whitman, Walt, 20, 23, 47, 57, 130, 135, 221n5; Leaves of Grass, 53, 183

Wiene, Robert, 171

Wilde, Oscar, 10, 145

William of Ockham, 28

Woe From Wit, by Griboedov, 81, 87, 91

Wölfflin, Heinrich, 158, 161, 211n9

workers, books for, 43, 44–45, 69

World of Art group (Mir iskusstva), 10, 59–60, 65, 68, 113, 114, 137, 181, 210n1, Table I, II, IV

Wynne, Philip H., 110, 111, 121

Yakovlevna, Aleksandra, 36

Yakulov, G. B., Table VI, VII

Yasinsky, S. I., Table VIII

Yavlensky, Aleksei, 61, 115, 116, 219n34, Table V, VIII

Yeats, William B., 104

Yesenin, Sergei A., see Esenin, Sergei

“Your Country Needs You,” poster by Leete, 79, 80

Yutkevich, Sergei I., 168, 169, 170, 188, Table XIII

Zadkin, Osip, 54, Table VI, X

Zaporozhtsev, I. V., Table VIII

Zefìrov, K., Table V

0.10 exhibit, 102, 121, 123, Table I, II, XI

Zetkin, Klara, 34

Zhdanov, Andrei A., 179

Zhupel (Bugaboo) [journal], 63, 69, 93, 212n15

Zotov, P. P., Table XIII

0.10 exhibit, 102, 121, 123, Table I, II, XI