Those animals about which some behavioral information is given in the text are indexed here. Generic and specific names are given for most classes. Orders are included for mammals, insects, and other invertebrates. Vernacular names are also supplied where possible.
MAMMALS
Montremata
Echidna, 342
(Echidna aculeata Shaw)
Ornithorhynchos, 343
Marsupialia
Dasyurides, 344
Dendrolagus, 344
Dromiciops, 344
Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Ramsey, 344
Kangaroo, 344, 345
Macropus (Megaleia) rufus (DESM), 344
Marmosa, 344
Sminthopsis, 344
Trichosurus vulpecula, 344
Insectivora
Blarina, 346, 347
Centetes, 132
Crocidura russula (HERM), 346
Echinops telfairi Martin, 346
Erinceus europaeus L., 346
Neomys fodiens, 347
Petrodomus, 346, 347
Potamogale velox de Chaillu, 346
Rhynchocyon, 347
Sorex vagrans, 346, 347
Talpa, 347
Dermaptera
Cynocephalus, 347
Chiroptera
bats, 128, 130, 131, 137, 154-162
Erophylla planifrons, 349
Hypsignathus monstrosus, 349
Myotis, 159, 349
Pteropus giganteus Brunn, 348-350
Rhinolophus, 157
Primates
African Redtail Monkey (Cercopithecus ascanius), 498
Allen’s Swamp Monkey (Allenopithecus), 29
Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), 475, 476
baboons (Papio, spp.), 114, 492, 493
Barbary Ape (Macaca sylvana), 492
Black-and-white Colobus (Colobus “guereza”), 498
Black Lemur (Lemur macaco), 473, 474
Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata), 492
Brown Capuchin (Cebus apella), 483
Brown Lemur (Lemur fulous), 475
Bushbabies (galagos) (Galago senegalensis), 476, 477
Cebus Monkeys (Cebus, sp.), 483
Chimpanzees (Pan, sp.), 114, 499, 500
Common Marmoset (Hapale jacchus), 483, 499
Cotton-headed Tamarin (Oedipomidas oedipus), 483
Crab-eating Macaque (Macaca irus), 498
Dwarf Lemurs (Cheirogaleus major), 473, 474
Fork-marked Mouse Lemur (Phaner furcifer), 474
Formosan Rock Macaque (Macaca cyclopis), 492
Gelada Baboon (Papio gelada), 493
Gibbons (Hylobates, sp.), 61, 71, 132, 499
Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla), 131, 499
Great white Sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi), 475.
Grey Gentle Lemur (Hapalemur griseus), 474
Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas), 2, 21,28
Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata), 118, 132, 480, 482
Humans (Homo sapiens), 500-502
Indris (Indri, sp.), 475
Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata), 491, 492
Langurs (Presbtjtis entellus), 498, 499
Long-nosed Tree Shrew (Tupaia glis), 466
Loris (Loris tardigradus), 477, 478
Mandrill (Papio sphinx), 493
Mangabeys (Cercocebus albigena), 493
Maroon Leaf Monkey (Presbytis rubicunda), 499
Mongoose lemur (Lemur mongaz), 475
Mouse Lemur (Microcebus murinus), 473, 474
Night Monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), 54, 479
Nilgiri Langur (Presbytis johni), 499
Olive Colobus Monkey (Procolobus [Colobus] Verus), 498
Orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus), 499
Patas Monkey (Erythrocebus patas), 498
Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina), 492
Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), 475, 499
Red-bellied Lemur (Lemur rubriventer), 474
Red Spider Monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), 483
Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta), 35, 114, 471, 484, 485, 490, 491, 557
Ring-tailed Lemur (Lemur catta), 473, 474
Ruffed Lemur (Lemur variegatus), 473, 474
Siamang (Symphalangia, sp.), 499
Silvered Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus cristalus), 499
Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), 110, 481
Titi Monkeys (Callicebus moloch), 112, 479
Vervet Monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops), 109, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498
Weasel Lemur (Lepilemur mustelinus), 474
White-fronted Capuchin (Cebus albifrons), 483
Woolly Lemur (Lichanotus laniger), 475
Edentata
Bradypus tridactylus boliviensis Gray, 350
Euphractus, 350
Myrmecophaga, 350
Tamandua, 350
Pholiodota, 351
Lagomorpha
Leporidae, 88, 90, 131, 351
Lepus, 351
Lepus alleni, 352
Lepus californicus, 352
Lepus callotis, 352
Lepus townsendii, 352
Ochotona hyperborea yessoensis Kishida, 352
Ochotona princeps, 351
Oryctolagus, 351
Oryctolagus cuniculus, 351, 352
rabbits, 88, 90, 131
Sylvilagus aquaticus, 352
Rodentia
Aplodontia, 353
Arvicola terrestris scherman Shaw, 353
beaver (Castor), 89, 97, 353, 356
Cavia, 353, 354
Citellus, 355
Clethrionomys, 29, 354, 355
Cricetus, 353, 354, 356
Cuniculus, 356
Cynomys, 140, 355
Dolichotis, 353, 356
Eliomys quercinus, 355
Erethizon, 353
Erethizon dorsatus, 355
Gerbillus, 356
Glis glis, 353, 354
Hystrix, 132, 356
Jaculus, 356
Lagostomus trichodactylus, 355
Lemmus lemmus, 354
Marmota, 353, 355
Meriones, 356
Mesocricetus, 353, 354
Micromys, 354
Micromys minutus, 355
Microtus agrestis, 355
Microtus grandti, 355
Mus, 22, 131, 353, 354
Muscardinus, 354
Neotomys sumichrasti, 355
Ondatra, 353
Peromyscus maniculatus, 354
Peromyscus nasurtus, 354
Rattus, 353, 354
Sciurus, 353, 354
Tamias striatus, 355
Tatera, 356
Cetacea
blackfish, slender (Feresa attenuata), 443
dolphin, Amazon (boto; bufeo) (Inia geoffrensis), 435
dolphin, Atlantic white-sided (Lagenorhynchus acutus), 438
dolphin, blue, blue-white, or Euphrosyne (Stenella caeruleoalba), 439
dolphin, bottle-nosed (Tursiops truncates), 440-443
dolphin, bridled (Stenella frontalis), 439
dolphin, broad-beaked (Lagenorhyn-chus electra), 439
dolphin, cape (Delphinus capensis), 439
dolphin, common or saddleback (Delphinus delphis), 439
dolphin, dusky (Lagenorhynchus cruciger), 439
dolphin, long-beaked (Stenella longirostris), 439
dolphin, narrow-snouted (Stenella attenuata), 439
dolphin, Pacific white-sided or striped (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) = (Lagenorhynchus thicolea), 439
dolphin, red-bellied (Delphinus roseiventris), 439
dolphin, rough-toothed (Steno bredanensis), 440
dolphin, Sarawak (Lagenodelphis hosei), 439
dolphin, spotted (Stenella plagiodon), 439
dolphin, white-beaked (Lagenorhynchus albirostris), 438
Gadamu (Tursiops aduncus), 128, 442
grampus, gray grampus, or Risso dolphin (Grampus griseus), 442
porpoise, Burmeister or black porpoise (Phocoena spinipinnis), 134, 137
porpoise, Dall (Phocoenoides dalli), 438
porpoise, Dall (Phocoenoides truei), 438
porpoise, Gulf of California (Phocoena sinus), 438
porpoise, harbor (Phocoena phocoena), 438
porpoise, spectacled (Phocoena dioptrica), 438
porpoise tursiopus, 128, 141
whale, Arnoux beaked (Berardius arnouxi), 445
whale, black right (Balaena glacialis), 446-448
whale, Blainville beaked (Mesoplodon densirostris), 444
whale, blue (Balaenoptera musculus), 449-450
whale, bowhead (Balaena mysticetus), 446-448
whale, Bryde (Balaenoptera edeni), 449
whale, common pilot or common blackfish (Globicephala melaena), 442, 443
whale, false killer (Pseudorca crassidens), 443
whale, fin or finback (Balaenoptera physalus), 449
whale, giant bottlenosed or Baird beaked (Berardius bairdi), 445
whale, goose-beaked or Cuvier beaked (Ziphius cavirostris), 445
whale, gray (Eschrichtius gibbosus), 449
whale, Gulf Stream beaked (Mesoplodon europaeus = Mesoplodon gervaisi), 444
whale, Hector beaked (Mesoplodon hectori), 444
whale, humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae), 449-450
whale, Japanese beaked (Mesoplodon ginkgodens), 444
whale, killer (Orcinus orca), 444, 450-458
whale, Longman beaked (Mesoplodon pacificus), 444
whale, Minke or little piked (Balenoptera acutorostrata), 448
whale, North Atlantic black right (Balaena glacialis glacialis), 446-448
whale, North Pacific black right (Balaena glacialis japonica), 446-448
whale, North Pacific pilot or North Pacific blackfish (Globicephala scammoni), 443
whale, Northern bottle-nosed or flat-headed bottle-nosed (Hyperoodon ampullatus), 445
whale, pygmy sperm (Kogia breviceps), 446
whale, pygmy sperm (Kogia simus), 446
whale, saber-toothed or Stejneger beaked (Mesoplodon stejnegeri), 444
whale, scamperdown (Mesoplodon grayi), 444
whale, Sei (Balaenoptera borealis), 449
whale, short-finned pilot; short-finned blackfish (Globicephala macrorhyncha), 443
whale, southern black right (Balaena glacialis australis), 446-448
whale, southern bottle-nosed, or flat-headed bottle-nosed (Hyperoodon planifrons), 445
whale, Sowerby beaked (Mesoplodon bidens), 444
whale, sperm (Physeter catodon), 445, 446
whale, Tasman beaked (Tasmacetus shepherdi), 444
whale, true beaked (Mesoplodon mirus), 444
whale, white (beluga) (Delphinapterus leucas), 436-437
Carnivora
Arctitis, 365, 366
Arctogalidia trivirgata, 365
Bassaricyon, 365
Canis, 25-28, 41, 139, 360, 363, 367
Canis lupus, 359, 369
Chaus, 366
Crocuta crocuta, 360
Cryptoprocta ferox, 365
Felidae, 366, 368, 369
Felis concolor, 134, 366
Genetta tigrina, 365, 366
Helogale, 365, 366
Helogale undulata rufula, 361
Herpestes, 365, 366
Herpestes ichneumon, 365
Lynx, 367
Martes martes, 360, 361
Mungos, 365, 366
Mustela nivalis, 360
Neofelis nebulosa, 367
Panthera onca, 367
Panthera pardus, 366, 367
Panthera tigris, 367
Panthera uncia, 367
Pinnipedia
sea lion, Australian or white-capped (Neophoca cinerea), 418
sea lion, California (Zalophus californianus), 413-418
sea lion, Galapagos (Zalophus californianus wollebaeki), 418
sea lion, Japanese (Zalophus californianus japonicus), 418
sea lion, New Zealand (Neophoca hookeri), 418
sea lion, South American (Otaria byronia), 407
sea lion, Steller or northern (Eumetopias jubatus), 407-413
seal, bearded (Erignathus barbatus), 424-425
seal, Caribbean monk (Monachus tropicalis), 425
seal, crabeater (Lobodon carcinophagus), 425
seal, northern elephant (Mirounga angustirostris), 431-435
seal, southern elephant (Mirounga leonina), 431-435
seal, Kerguelen fur (Arctocephalus tropicalis), 419
seal, northern fur (Callorhinus ursinus), 419-422
seal, Philippi fur or Guadalupe (Arctocephalus philippi), 419
seal, South African fur (Arctocephalus pusillus), 419
seal, harbor, Eastern Atlantic (Phoca vitulina vitulina), 422
seal, harbor, Western Atlantic (Phoca vitulina concolor), 422
seal, harbor, Eastern Pacific (Phoca vitulina richardi), 422
seal, harbor, Western Pacific (Phoca vitulina largha), 422
seal, harbor, Seal Lakes (Phoca vitulina mellonae), 422
seal, harp (Pagophilus groenlandicus), 423
seal, Hawaiian monk (Monachus schauinslandi), 425
seal, hooded or bladdernose (Cystophora cristata), 431
seal, leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx), 425, 426
seal, Mediterranean monk (Monachus monachus), 425
seal, ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata), 423
seal, ringed Arctic Ocean (Pusa hispida hispida), 423
seal, ringed, Baltic Sea (Pusa hispida botnica), 423
seal, ringed Bering Sea (Pusa hispida krascheninikovi), 423
seal, ringed Lake Ladoga (Pusa hispida ladogensis), 423
seal, ringed Lake Saimaa (Pusa hispida saimensis), 423
seal, ringed, Okhotsk Sea (Pusa hispida ochotensis), 423
seal, Ross (Ommatophoca rossi), 425
seal, Weddell (Leptonychotes weddelli), 426-430
walrus, North Atlantic race (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus), 422
walrus, North Pacific race (Odobenus rosmarus divergens), 422
Sea Otters
sea otter (Enhydra lutris), 407
Sirenians
Dugong (Dugong dugon), 435
manatee, Amazon (Trichechus inunguis), 435
manatee, Caribbean (Trichechus manatus), 435
manatee, West African (Trichechus senegalensis), 435
sea cow, Steller or great northern (Hydrodamalis gigas), 435
Spilogale putorius, 361, 365
Suricata, 365
Ursidae, 366
Viverridae, 365
Viverricula, 366
Vulpes, 358, 359, 364
Vulpes macrotis, 360
Vulpes vulpes, 370-372
Tubulidentata
Orycteropus afer, 373-374
Proboscoidea
elephant, 374-376
Loxodonta, 374-376
Hyracoidea
Dendrohyrax, 375
Dendrohyrax dorsalis emini, 377
Heterohyrax, 377
Procavia, 377
Perissodactyla
Equidae, 379-381
Equus asinus, 378, 382
Equus burchelli, 378, 381, 382
Equus caballus, 378
Equus grevyi, 378, 382
Equus hemionus, 378
Equus przewalskii, 378
Equus zebra, 378
Rhinoceros, 378
Rhinoceros unicornis, 378, 379
Rhinocerotidae 378-379
Tapirus, 378, 382
Artiodactyla
Alces, 387, 393
Ammodorcas clarkei, 384
Ammotragus lervia, 384
Antidorcas, 383
Antilope, 394
Antilope cervicapra, 384, 385, 392
Bibos gaurus, 389
Bison (Bison bonasus, Bison bison), 384, 390
Bos, 389, 390, 392
Bos elaphus, 394
Bos grunniens, 390
Boselaphini, 392
Boselaphus tragocamelus, 384, 392
Camelus, 387
Capreolus, 383
Caprini, 388, 389-391
Cervidae, 386, 387, 391
Cervus elaphus, 388
Cervus elaphus canadensis, 384
Choeropsis, 384, 387
Dicotyles, 383
Gazella, 110, 391
Gazella benetti, 384
Giraffa, 388
Giraffidae, 394
Hippopotamus, 384, 387, 393, 394
Lama (Lama guanaco), 388, 391
Moschus, 384, 391
Muntjacus, 385
Odocoileus, 384, 394
Okapia, 388
Ourebia, 384
Pecari, 387
Phacochoerus, 384, 386, 387, 390
Potamochoerus, 383
Potamochoerus choeropotamus, 386
Potamochoerus porcus, 386
Rupicapra, 383
Sus, 386
Tayassu albirostris, 386, 387
Tragelaphus, 134, 385, 392
Tylopoda, 384
BIRDS
blackbird (Icteridae)
(Turdus merula), 316, 325
Brewer’s blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus), 116
Red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), 18, 134
bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), 650
budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus), 36, 45
bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), 42, 145, 331
bunting (Emberiza), 54
chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), 42, 54, 111, 139, 316, 317-320, 322-324
chiffchaff (Phylloscopus cellybita), 314, 315
Corvidae
crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), 650, 655
duck (Anatidae), 46, 107, 314
Peking duck (Ansenformes), 316
eider, Stellar (Poloysticta stelleri), 119
finch (Fringillidae), 113, 138, 141
Gouldian finch (Peephila gouldiae), 312, 314
flycatchers, new world (Tyrannidae), 51, 55, 56, 132
fowl, domestic (Gallus domesticus), 41, 111, 316, 326
gallus gallus
goose (Anser spp.), 313
gulls (Larus spp.), 112, 115
glaucos gull (L. hyperboreus), 116
herring gull (L. argentatus), 39, 54, 650, 655
kittiwake gull (L. tridactylus), 119
hazelgrouse (Tetrastes bonasia), 131
honey guide (Indicatoridae), 140
hummingbird, Anna’s (Calypte anna), 105
junco, Oregon (Junco oreganus), 326, 327
kingbird, eastern (Tyrannus tyrannus), 52, 53, 54
lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)
(Belonoptesus Chilensis), 134
lark, crested (Galerida c. cristata), 331, 332
manakin, gold-collared (Pipridae), 120, 131
mockingbird (Mimus polyglottis), 330
mynah, Indian hill (Gracula religiosa intermedia), 311, 330
ovenbird (Seiurus aurocappilus), 141
owl (Strigiformes), 131
penguin, emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri), 130
pewee, eastern wood (Contopus virens), 56
ploceid, brood parasites (Ploceidae), 42
pigeon (Columba livia), 134
doves (Columbidae), 117
racing pigeon, 50
wood pigeon, 131
pipit, tree (Anthus t. trivialis), 320
prairie chicken (Tympanuchus spp.), 131
quelea (Quelea quelea), 650
robin, 141
American (Turdus migratorius)
European (Erithracus rubecula), 35, 37, 145, 321
schamana (Copsychus malabaricus), 141
shrike (Lanius erythrogaster), 138, 140, 333
bou-bou shrike (Laniarius aethiopicus), 334
snipe (Gallingo), 131
sparrow (Fringillidae)
green-backed (Arremonops conirostris), 54
song (Melospiza melodia), 56
white-crowned (Ζonotrichia leucophrys nuttali), 328-329
starling (Sturnus vulgaris), 649, 651
stork (Ciconiidae), 131
thrush (Turdidae)
shama (Copsychus malabaricos), 332
song (Turdus philomelos), 317
turkey (Meleagrididae), 128
warbler (Parulidae)
willow (Phylloscopus trochilus), 314, 315
wood (Phylloscopus sibilatrix), 315
weaverbird, 119, 120
whitethroat (Sylvia communis), 316
wren, 141
woodcock (Scolopax rusticola), 131
woodpecker (Picidae), 131
AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
alligator (Alligator mississipiensis), 302
Ambystoma, 293
maculatum
opacum
tigrinum
Autarchoglossid, 303
boomslang (Dispholidus), 306
bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), 294
caecilian (Siphonops annulatus), 290
caiman, 87
chameleon, African (Chameleo), 305
cobra
Naja, 306
Ophiophagus, 306
Dasypeltis, 306
Echis, 306
Ficimia, 306
frog
Aquatic Pig Frog (Rana grylil), 295
cliff (Syrrhophus marnocki), 296
dendrobatid (Prostherapis trinitatis), 295
european (Rana temporaria), 298
green (Rana clamitans), 294
leopard (Rana pipiens), 133
leptodactylid, 290, 291, 295, 299, 300
Ceratophrys ornata
Chacophrys
Lepidobatrachus llanensis
Odontophrynus
Pleurodema
Pleurodema bibroni
gecko, tokay (Gecko gecko), 303
hellbender (Cryptobranchus), 292
Hylidae
Hyla
ewingi, 299
faber, 296
regilla, 295
versicolor, 299
Pseudacris, 299
iguana, desert (Dipsosaurus), 305
lizard, 19, 112
fringe-toed (Uma), 305