NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION

PROPER NOUNS, SUCH AS THE NAMES of people, places, and institutions, that are mentioned only a few times appear in their common Spanish, French, and Portuguese spellings, reflecting the way they are commonly written in the primary sources. Thus, similar names may appear with different spellings depending on the specific sources they are drawn from and the language they are written in. More frequently mentioned proper nouns and terms (e.g., Tangier, Tetouan, Haketia) appear in their commonly used English spellings. Arabic and Hebrew proper nouns and terms are transliterated using common English scripts, omitting foreign diacritics and orthographies. Hebrew and Arabic bibliographic titles have been translated into English.