“Subject Index” in “Entwined Homelands, Empowered Diasporas”
SUBJECT INDEX
Aadas y Adafinas (radio show), 114, 116, 145, 147
Adelante (newspaper), 16, 26–27, 41–44, 63, 65, 75, 84, 143
África: Revista de Tropas Coloniales, see La Revista de Tropas Coloniales
Aki Yerushalayim (journal), 136
Algeria, 32, 52–53, 78; Oran, 52–53, 57
Alhambra Decree (1492), 1–2, 4, 7, 16, 40, 44, 46, 48, 112, 114–115, 118, 124, 130
Alliance Israélite Universelle’s (AIU), 20, 42, 51, 70, 77, 93, 144
Alliance of Tunisian Immigrants in Beersheba and the South, 129
Amazônia Judaica (newsletter), 160–161
American Sephardi (journal), 111, 117
Amistad (magazine), 121
Amitiés Marocaines, Les (association), 86
Arab-Jewish conflict, 44, 77, 109
Argentina, 2, 7, 11, 25, 53–54, 56, 58–64, 66, 71–77, 84, 100, 112, 141, 150, 156, 165; Asociación Comunidad Israelita Latina de Buenos Aires, 59; Buenos Aires, 41, 54, 58–59, 62–63, 65, 72, 76, 113, 122, 185n44; Córdoba, 46, 63, 118, 139; Margarita, 72; Mauricio, 77; Rosario, 72; Vila Mercedes, 72
Arias Montano Institute for Arabic and Hebraic Studies, see Maimonides Institute’
Association for Professional Training, 80
Asociación Hispano-Hebrea (Hispanic-Hebrew Association), 36–38
Association of Americans and Canadians in Israel, 144
Australia, 83
L’Avenir Illustrée (periodical), 77–78
Bachad (Alliance of Religious Pioneers), 80
Balfour Declaration, 74–75
BaMa’aracha (periodical), 101
Bene Kedem, 75
Berber Dahir (Berber Edict), 44, 77
Black Panthers (movement), 100–101, 130, 145
Bnei Akiva (youth organization), 80, 98
B’nei B’rith América, 98
Boletín Oficial (newspaper), 41
Bolivia, 103
Bonei Yerushalaim (club), 73
Brazil, 2, 7, 11, 51, 53–54, 61–62, 64, 67, 72, 76, 83, 118, 141, 151, 156, 160, 165, 184n2, 184n12, 185n36; Centro de Estudos Judaicos da Amazônia (CEJA), 160; Columna A (newspaper), 72; Harmonía y Fraternidad de Brasil, 62; Itacoatiará, 62; Manicoré, 62; Parintins, 62
Brit Yotsei Maroko (association), 130
Bukhara, 51
Bulgaria, 32
Canada, 3, 13, 16, 83, 95, 122–123, 141, 148–151, 155–156, 168, 199n20; Association of Americans and Canadians in Israel, 144; Canadian Sephardi Federation, 107, 151; Montreal, 148–151, 158; Ontario, 122, 151; Ontario Sephardi Association, 151; Petah Tikvah Anshe Castilla Synagogue, 152; Quebec, 123, 148–149; Toronto, 150–151; Vancouver, 150
Casa Sefarad (association), 74, 158, 198n16
Centro Hispano-Israelita, 59
Charles Netter Zionist youth movement, see Éclaireurs Israelites
Colombia, 83, 103, 155–156, 199n20
Colonialism, 2, 4, 5, 10–11, 24, 27, 28, 31, 33, 34, 53, 75, 79, 83, 85, 93, 107, 109, 120, 134, 135, 148, 149, 163–165, 169; anticolonial, 87; French, 13, 38, 44, 53, 74, 94, 117, 146, 148, 167, 168; postcolonial, 3, 8, 9, 10–11, 13, 47, 48, 85, 86, 87, 106, 107, 108, 110, 113, 116, 117, 120, 125, 134, 142, 146, 148, 149, 157, 166, 167; precolonial, 38, 39, 41, 164; Spanish, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10–11, 18, 20–21, 22, 23, 24, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50, 65, 66, 70, 74, 86, 87, 89, 94, 107, 111, 116, 125, 139, 146, 157, 164, 165, 166, 167
Comisión de Organización Internacional, 142
Congregación Israelita Latina (see also Asociación Comunidad Israelita Latina de Buenos Aires), 59
Consolidation phase, 13–14
Crisol Judío (newspaper), 41
Dépêche Marocaine (periodical), 43
Desván de los Recuerdos: Cuadros de una Judería Marroquí, El (book), 120
Diario de Africa, El (newspaper), 102
Diario de Tánger, El (newspaper), 41
Diario Marroquí de Larache (periodical), 43
Diaspora, 3, 8, 12, 13–14, 16, 34, 35, 49, 71, 94, 108, 127, 141, 143, 144, 153, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 169; Jewish, 8, 9, 12, 14, 65, 80; MENA, 9, 10, 164; Hispanic Moroccan Jews, 2, 3, 10, 25, 34, 47, 64, 65, 82, 85, 92, 95, 105, 116, 125, 132, 139, 140, 142, 158, 161, 166, 168, 169; postcolonial, 3, 107; Sephardi, 4, 5, 9, 10, 36, 52, 65, 101, 103, 107, 108, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 121, 151, 159, 164, 166, 167, 169
Dominican Republic, 156
Dror (youth organization), 80
Druze, 51
L’Echo de Tánger (periodical), 43
Éclaireurs Israelites (youth organization), 80
Eco Israelita, El (newspaper), 41, 143
Eco Mauritano de Tánger Heraldo de Marruecos, El (periodical), 43, 179n29
Emigdirect, see HICEM
Emigration (see also Aliyah, Immigration), 22, 35, 48, 51–52, 68, 82, 92, 109, 112, 119; from Marocco, 52–53, 56–57, 60–61, 79, 81–83, 85, 96, 103, 120, 128; from Venezuela, 154, 157, 170; to Israel, 12, 78, 81, 84–85, 91–92, 95–96, 168; to Latin America, 51, 54, 57, 59–60, 83–84, 128; to Venezuela, 56, 84, 103
England, see Great Britain
Eretz Israel, see Palestine
España de Tánger (newspaper), 66, 81, 179n29
Esperanza (newspaper), 52
Estatuto de Tánger, El (periodical), 43
European Economic Community, 114
Federación Hispano-Marroquí Sionista, 74
France, 1, 3–4, 10, 13, 16–17, 21, 22, 37, 48, 53, 80, 83, 123, 125, 140, 146, 148, 149, 150–151, 155, 168; France-MABATT, 1, 147, 151, 152, 153; North African migration, to 9, 96, 141, 146, 147, 177n34; Paris, 1, 38, 57, 64, 95, 112, 114, 135, 147, 150, 153
General Franco Institute for Hispano-Arab Studies, 45, 66
Germany, 10, 123; Nazi Germany, 71, 84
Gibraltar, 41, 52, 56, 57, 74, 108, 110, 127, 139
Gordonia (youth organization), 80
Great Depression (1930s), 61, 62
Greece, 32
Habonim (youth organization), 80
Haketia (Judeo-Spanish dialect, see also Linguistics), 2, 6–7, 13, 15, 22, 23, 30, 33, 34, 69, 75, 120, 123, 125, 127, 130, 132, 146, 149, 158, 162, 165, 168, 196n54; preservation, 11, 16, 38, 39, 119, 127, 131, 133, 135–136, 142, 150, 161; revival, 38, 134; teaching, 160
Hamisgeret (organization), 79, 89
Hashomer Hatzair (youth organization), 80, 98
Havaad Hazioni (club), 73
Hebreos en Marruecos, Los (book), 35, 39, 64
Hedim: Kehilot Sefaradiyot Ba‘Olam (journal), 101
Heraldo de Marruecos, El (periodical), 23
Hesed ve-Emet, 58
Hesed Shel Emet Sefaradit (burial society), 58
Hevra Kedusha Ashkenazi, 58
HIAS (United Hebrew Immigration Aid Society), 79, 82–84, 94
HICEM, 83
Hispanization of Jewish names, 27
Hispanophone world, 7, 13, 20, 25, 52, 56, 64, 68, 71, 142, 164–166
Hispanotropicalism, see Colonialism
Holocaust, 44, 80, 85, 93, 104, 109, 130
Homeland, 8, 13, 14, 16, 42, 62, 76, 85, 108, 140, 152, 161, 163–164, 169; Jewish, 3, 8, 76; Spain and Morocco as entwined homelands, 7, 10, 137, 168; Venezuela and Morocco as entwined homelands, 103, 106
Horria, El (newspaper), 41
Hovevei Zion (Zionist group), 71, 73
Iberia, 7, 14, 34, 40, 46, 50, 64–65, 88–89, 106, 115, 116, 118, 122, 124, 125, 149, 157, 159; pre-1492 Iberia, 1–2, 4, 36, 38, 117, 118, 121, 153, 165, 169; Iberian Peninsula, 2, 13, 108, 118, 120, 124, 142, 147, 156
Immigration (see also emigration, Aliyah), 14, 35, 61, 101, 108, 144, 165; from MENA, 1, 12, 13, 15, 51, 79, 96, 100, 106, 113, 134, 135, 140, 141, 160, 169; internal migration within Morocco, 29, 52–53, 70, 76, 80; immigration to Europe, 10, 52, 127, 146, 147, 149; to Israel/Palestine, 9, 15, 22, 69, 74, 77, 78–79, 80–81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 92, 93–94, 100, 106, 114, 126, 127–129, 130, 131, 132, 135, 142, 143, 145, 147, 152, 155, 159, 160, 166, 168, 169; to North Africa, 19, 27, 53, 73, 77, 139–140; to South and North America, 3, 53, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 64, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 75, 82, 84–85, 95–96, 97, 98, 100, 102, 106, 120, 148, 149; to Spain, 3, 48, 64, 109, 110–111, 112, 113, 149, 159
Indiano, al Kadi y la Luna, El (trilogy), 66
International Monetary Fund, 111, 154
International Organization for Migration (IOM), 154
Islam, 26, 43, 44, 124, 171, 172, 175n2; Islamic countries, 19, 20, 21, 23, 29, 35, 51, 53, 86, 93, 100, 101, 102, 104–106, 126, 128, 132, 139–140; Islamic studies, 21; Islamic world, 52, 53, 85, 109, 114, 116, 123, 132, 157; Jewish-Muslim relations, 21, 22, 26, 38, 47, 86, 87, 88, 109, 161; Muslims in France, 96, 146; Muslims in Spain, 4, 12, 23, 44, 109, 110, 159, 167
Israel, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 28, 48, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 166, 167, 168, 169; Ashdod, 128, 129, 133; Ashkelon, 129, 134; Atlit, 128; Azur, 128; Bat Yam, 128, 133; Beersheba, 129; Dimona, 129; Eilat, 89, 129; Haifa, 100; Holon, 133; Jerusalem, 75, 87, 101, 115, 118, 122, 128, 131, 132, 134, 140, 150, 151, 158, 160; Kfar Shmariyahu, 128; Kiryat-Malachi, 129; Law of Return, 155, 159; MAPAI, 130; Mizpe Ramon, 128; Netanya, 128, 129, 144; Netivot, 128; Or-Yehuda, 128; Petah Tikva, 128; Sderot, 128, 129; Tel Aviv, 1, 114, 122, 133, 134, 141, 147, 150, 152
Israel (newspaper), 72, 75, 76
Italy, 82
Jewish Agency, 81, 86, 105, 127, 194n3
Jewish-Arab riots (1929), 44, 77
Jewish Music Research Centre of the Hebrew University, 133
Jewish Colonization Association (JCA), 60, 77, 83, 185n36
Jewish National Fund (JNF), 70, 74, 76, 77, 98, 103, 144
Jews, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 34, 35, 36, 38, 44, 47, 48, 51, 60, 64, 66, 69, 82, 84, 85, 93, 94, 101, 104, 105, 108, 112, 113, 115, 118, 124, 125, 132, 144, 146, 153, 154, 156, 158, 161, 163, 165, 167, 168; Arab, 105, 136; European, 56, 58, 59, 72, 75, 77, 79, 80, 89, 94, 96, 100, 104, 110, 118, 123, 130, 145; Hispanic Moroccan, 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19–21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 34, 51, 52, 67, 71, 73, 76, 95, 102, 103, 108, 116, 119, 125, 126, 127, 135, 139, 144, 149, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 163, 164, 165, 168, 170; MENA see Middle Eastern, North African; Middle Eastern, 2, 3, 8, 9, 58, 59, 75, 93, 94, 95, 101, 104, 109, 123, 129, 142, 145, 148, 149, 164; Moroccan, 1–2, 3, 6, 11, 12, 15, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 51, 52, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 93, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156, 160, 161, 164, 165, 166; North African, 3, 8, 9, 65, 82, 83, 93, 96, 101, 123, 129, 131, 132, 133, 142, 145, 146, 148, 149, 160, 161, 164, 169; North American, 56, 94, 124, 140, 146, 154; Sephardi, 1, 4, 5, 12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 36, 40, 45, 46, 67, 69, 73, 74, 100, 103, 109, 115, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 130, 146, 158, 159, 163; Soviet, 93, 94, 95, 100, 126; Venezuelan, 56, 95, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103, 105, 106, 123, 124, 125, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 162
Juif de Tanger et le Maroc, Le (book), 87
Junta (local Jewish community council), 36, 46, 76, 86, 87, 137
Keren Hayesod, see United Israel Appeal (UIA)
Kol Hanoar: Órgano de la Unión Universal de Juventudes Judías (newspaper), 41
Kol Israel (newspaper), 41, 182n17
Kol Yisrael (radio station), 114, 134, 136, 147, 152
Ladino, 4, 6, 36, 59, 75, 114, 119, 152, 160; preservation, 131; studies, 15, 132, 135, 136, 146
Latin America, (see also Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominic Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Urugay, Venezuela), 2, 6, 11, 12, 13, 25, 52, 56–57, 58, 62, 63, 65, 74, 76, 82, 91, 101, 103, 107, 113, 122, 123, 124, 125, 129, 130, 142, 148, 149, 153, 154, 155–156, 157, 159, 167, 169; emigration to, 51, 53, 54, 57, 59–61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 83, 84, 103, 124, 146, 165, 166, 167; immigration from, 66, 94, 112–113, 130, 165, 166; Zionism, 71, 72, 143, 156
Leningrad trials (1970), 94
Liberté, La (newspaper), 41, 143
Libya, 78
Linguistics, (see also Haketia), 4, 6, 7, 10, 20, 23, 23, 38, 41, 69, 87, 117, 136, 148, 150, 153; Hispanic, 13, 18, 30, 45, 58, 127, 129, 130, 131, 153, 175n7
Lycée Français (network of French state schools outside the country), 22, 81, 135
Ma’ale Adumim Institute for the Documentation of Judeo-Spanish Language and its Culture, 133
MABAT, 1, 2, 116, 126–140, 141–145, 146–147, 150–151, 152, 169, 194n10
MABAT Revista (booklet), 16, 131, 133, 135, 139, 143, 144, 145
Maccabi (youth movement), 98
Madagascar, 79
Magbit (Zionist fundraising organization), 81
Magen David (association), 73, 77
Magrebí, El (periodical), 179n29
Maguén-Escudo (periodical), 16, 102–103, 104, 105, 116–117, 119, 121, 122, 124, 158
Maguid Micharim (book), 52
Maimonides Institute, 45–46, 88, 122
MATAN – Netanya Tunisian Club, 129
Mebasser Tob, Le (newspaper), 41
Melilla, 3, 48, 62, 107, 110, 124, 127, 139–140, 149, 168
Mellah (Jewish Quarter), 181n64
MENA region, 2, 3, 8–9, 10, 12, 35, 76, 83, 100, 101, 116, 123, 129, 136, 142, 148–149, 151, 157, 164, 166
Misgav Yerushalayim (Centre for Research and Study of Sephardi and Oriental Jewish Heritage), 132
Morocco Alcazarquivir, 20, 26, 37, 63, 147; Arcila, 20; Casablanca, 62, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76–77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84–85, 86, 91, 92, 128, 137, 166; Casino Israelita in Tangier, 24, 25, 81, 137, 138; Casino Israelita in Tetouan, 46, 88, 89; Centre de Recherche et Archives sur le Judaïsme du Nord du Maroc, 161; Chefchaouen, 110; Cinema Alhambra, 25; Fez, 4, 43, 52, 130, 131; Football clubs, 25–26; French protectorate, 5, 19, 26, 47, 85; Gran Teatro Cervantes (theater), 24, 31, 32; Hahnasat Orhim, society, 62; Huceima, 110; Istiqlal Party, 47, 85, 88; Larache, 20, 26, 37, 48, 61, 73, 110; Marrakech, 81; Moroccan National Front in Tangier, 47; Nador, 110, 140; Parti Communiste Marocain (PCM), 86; Parti Démocratique de l’Independence (PDI), 47, 87; Petitjean, 78; Rabat, 62, 85, 137; Radio Tangier, 1; Spanish protectorate, 5, 19, 20, 21–22, 29, 36, 38, 41, 45, 47, 57, 66, 70, 80, 85, 106, 110, 127; Synagogues, 31, 58, 63, 76, 100; Tangier, 1, 7, 11, 15, 19–29, 30, 31, 32, 34–36, 38–43, 45–49, 49, 52–54, 56–57, 59–63, 65–68, 69–70, 72–73, 75–77, 79–81, 83–87, 105–107, 112, 114–116, 119, 122, 124, 126, 131, 133, 135, 137, 138, 139, 141, 144–145, 147, 149, 151–152, 161, 164, 168, 175n12, 179n7; Tetouan, 3, 11, 15, 18–21, 23, 26–29, 37, 44–46, 48, 52–53, 56–57, 59–63, 66–67, 72–73, 75, 81, 88–89, 90, 91, 97, 99, 105, 107, 110, 113, 120, 134–135, 137, 139, 145, 147, 149, 158, 160, 164; Zionist Federation of Tangier, 22, 81
Mossad (Israel intelligence agency), 79
Mundo, El (periodical), 66, 97
Mundo Israelita, El (weekly), 99, 102
National Authority for Ladino, 136
National Council of Jewish Women, 95
Nativ (Israeli Liaison Bureau), 95
NATO, 114
Netherlands, 10
Noar (newspaper), 69–70, 78, 186n1
Nostalgic narratives, 4–5, 7, 13, 16, 20, 37, 44, 48, 59, 63, 70, 102, 105–106, 108, 117, 120, 122, 137, 140, 144, 146, 151, 163, 165, 167
Nuestras Bodas en Tetuán (anthology), 147
Nuevo Mundo Israelita (newspaper), 99, 102
Oeuvre de Nourriture et d’Habillement (charitable), 144
Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants (Jewish humanitarian organization), 86
Operation Yakhin, 79, 81, 93, 109, 126
Or Hayeladim (educational institute), 66
Or-Luz (periodical), 16, 24, 26, 28–29, 29, 41, 47–48, 66, 87–89, 90, 91, 99, 102–103, 110
Organization for European Economic Cooperation, 111
Organización Latinoamericana en Israel (OLEI), 130
Ottoman Empire, 5, 36, 51, 59, 109, 164
Palestine, 38, 41, 44, 51, 72, 74, 77, 78, 81, 97
Paraguay, 72
Pe’amim (journal), 132
Peru, 2, 11, 51, 54, 60, 62, 63, 67–68, 101, 103, 155–156, 165
Philo-Sephardi discourse, 4, 6, 36–38, 39, 44–46, 47, 64–65, 70, 73, 74–76, 89, 107, 164, 166
Popular de Larache, El (periodical), 43
Portugal, 16, 39, 52, 53, 54, 74, 82, 108, 113, 122
Porvenir de Tánger, El (periodical), 43
Présence, see Voix Sépharade, La
Prezente, El (journal), 136
Radio de la Communauté Juive (RCJ), 114
Raíces: Revista Judía de Cultura (periodical), 112
Reencuentro (Jewish rencounter with Spain), 4
Renacimiento de Israel, El (newspaper), 41, 63, 75, 76
Reveil du Maroc, Le (newspaper), 41
Revista de la Raza, La (bulletin), 73
Revista de Tropas Coloniales, La (newspaper), 65
Rómpase en Caso de Incendio (book), 118, 123
Russia, see Soviet Union
Sefarad (newspaper), 45
Sefarad Society for Preserving and Cultivating the Judeo-Spanish Heritage, 136
Sepharad, see Spain
Sephardi Community Council (SCC), 75, 101, 115, 132
Shaarei Zion (club), 73
Shivat Zion (club), 73
Sociedad Israelita de Socorros Mutuos Varsovia, 58
Sociedad Israelita según Ritual Sefardíta, 58
Sociedad Sefardí de Beneficencia, 67
Sociedad según Ritual Sefardita, see Congregación Israelita Latina
South America, see Latin America
Soviet Union, 9, 40, 73, 77, 93, 94–95, 100, 104, 109, 126, 163
Spain, 9, 38, 73, 88, 117, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 156; Algeciras, 41, 108; Barcelona, 54, 56, 107, 115, 121, 140, 150; Beth Yaacov synagogue, 112; Cadiz, 48, 108; Casa Sefarad-Israel, 158; Comisión Nacional Judía Sefarad ’92, 115; Expulsion of Jews see Alhambra Decree (1492); Federación de Comunidades Judías de España, 158; Federation of Jewish Communities, 115, 160; Madrid, 26, 32, 38, 70, 74, 107, 110, 112–113, 115, 139, 140, 147, 149, 150, 158, 161; Málaga, 107, 108, 110, 138, 139, 149; Press Association of the High Commissioner of Spain in Morocco, 75; Radio Sevilla, 180; Royal Spanish Academy, 36, 74, 119; Samuel Halevi synagogue, 112; Second Spanish Republic (1931–39), 5, 19; Sefarad ’92 Conference, 1, 153; Seville, 48, 107, 108, 110, 115, 117, 139; Spanish Restoration (1874–1931), 5; Tarifa, 108; Valencia, 26, 107, 110
Spanish Israelites and the Spanish Language, The (book), 36
Stateless Spaniards (book), 64, 73, 76
Switzerland, 16, 120, 141, 150, 152
Syria, 51, 58, 58–59, 75, 95, 104, 113; Bene Emet, 58
Tétouanais, Le, see Maguid Micharim
Tetuán, en el Resurgimiento Judío Contemporáneo (1850–1870) (book), 120
Transregional networks, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 36, 57, 58, 60, 71, 72, 74, 79, 85, 93, 112, 113, 121, 127, 130, 136, 159, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 169
Treaty of Fez (1912), 4
UNESCO, 111
L’Union Marocaine (newspaper), 77
Unión de Jóvenes Hebreos (youth movement), 98
United Israel Appeal (UIA), 86, 98
United States, 3, 7, 9, 13, 17, 22, 51, 67, 72, 94, 95, 101, 108, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119, 124, 125, 141, 148, 151, 154, 155, 156, 168, 170; American Jewish Committee (AJC), 87, 124; American Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), 46–47, 80, 85, 94; American Sephardi Federation (ASF), 101, 107, 115; Los Angeles, 151; MABAT-USA (Aficoman), 151; Miami, 155, 156, 198n8; New York, 40, 83, 87, 101, 105, 107, 115, 119, 122, 124, 149, 151; Seattle, 158; Washington DC, 158
Uruguay, 72
Veloce en Tanger, Alger et Tunis, Le (book), 35
Venezuela, 2, 3, 7, 11, 12, 16, 17, 53, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 82, 83, 84, 85, 92, 93, 95–100, 102–103, 105–108, 112, 116–123, 135, 140–141, 143, 149–150, 154–157, 159–160, 165, 167–168, 170; Asociación Israelita de Venezuela (AIV), 67, 95, 118; Caracas, 16, 56, 57, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 97, 98, 100, 102, 105, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 140, 147, 149, 156, 157, 158; Centro de Estudios Sefradíes de Caracas (CESC), 118–119, 122, 123, 156; Comité Venezolano de Asociación Sefarad-España, 121; Comité Venezolano pro-Palestina Judía, 97; Confederación de Asociaciónes Israelitas de Venezuela, La (CAIV), 99, 102; Department for Zionist and Social Activity among Sephardi and Mizrahi Communities, 101; La Federación Sefaradí Latinoamericana (FeSeLA), 101–102, 107, 122, 156, 159; El Grupo Herzl, 99; La Guaira, 56, 67; Maracaibo, 67; Puerto Cabello, 67; Sociedad Israelita de Venezuela, 67; Los Teques, 56, 67; Unión Israelita de Caracas (UIC), 95, 99, 102; Zionist Federation of Venezuela (FSV), 98, 100, 102
Vida Perra de Juanita Narboni, La (book), 119
Voces Jaquetiescas (book), 119
Voix Sépharade, La, 149
Wars, 61, 80, 85, 93, 109; Balkan Wars (1912–13), 109; Cold War (1947–91), 95; Rif War (1920–26), 5; Spanish-American War (1898), 4; Spanish Civil War (1936–39), 6, 19, 25, 45, 70; Spanish-Moroccan War (1859–60), 3, 13, 18, 53, 56–57, 108, 139; World War I (1914–18), 53, 61, 62, 63, 109; World War II (1939–45), 10, 19, 33, 47, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 86, 96, 109, 113, 146, 151
al-Wifaq (association), 86–89
Women’s International Zionist Organization (WIZO), 95, 98
World Bank, 111
World Jewish Congress (WJC), 79, 84–85, 95, 114
World Organization of Jews from Arab Countries (WOJAC), 104–105
World Sephardi Congress, 160
World Sephardi Federation (WSF), 75, 101, 107, 122, 132, 148
World Zionist Organization (WZO), 75, 100, 101, 143
Yearnings of a Jew, The (book), 89
Yiddish, 6, 72, 75, 77, 96, 124, 148
YOMAS (organization), 129
Zionism (see also Hovevei Zion, Shaarei Zion, Shivat Zion, World Zionist Organization), 8, 9, 12, 43, 70, 71, 73–74, 75–79, 80, 83–84, 86, 89, 91–92, 94–95, 97–102, 106, 109, 127, 142–143, 144, 156, 164, 166–167, 169; activists, 71, 74, 78, 83, 91, 92, 94, 98, 126, 143, 146; anti-Zionism, 86–87; European, 71, 73, 74, 75, 80, 82; local federations, 22, 74, 77, 81, 83, 95, 98, 100, 102, 132; newspapers, 69, 70, 72, 76, 87, 89; rise of, 11–12, 68, 166; Sephardi, 75, 76, 99, 100, 112, 145, 156; youth movements, 69, 80, 98, 143
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