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Hegel’s Circular Epistemology: Hegel’s Circular Epistemology

Hegel’s Circular Epistemology

Hegel’s Circular Epistemology

INDEX

Absolute, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 70, 73, 96

Absolute axiom, 72

Aenesidemus, 30. See also Schulze, G.E.

Alembert, J. d’, 83

Analytic philosophy, 160, 162, 163

Anselm, St. of Canterbury, 135, 148

Antifoundationalism, xi, 168–70, 172

—Fichte’s, 41, 174, 177

—Hegel’s, 60

Aquinas, T., 3

Architectonic, 19

Aristotle, ix, x, 3, 6, 8, 12, 23, 33, 39, 47, 95, 113, 117

—Metaphysics, 3, 117

—Nicomachean Ethics, 117, 173

—Prior Analytics, 3

—Posterior Analytics, 3, 117

—Topics, 117

Arnauld, A., 147

“Attitudes of Thought to Objectivity,” 95, 114, 137, 138, 141, 142, 145, 161

—empiricist, 123–24

—Kantian, 120, 155

—post-Kantian, 120, 130–35, 172

—pre-Kantian, 120, 121–23, 135

Augustin, St., 156

Bacon, F., 49, 68, 143, 167

Bardili, C. G., x, 25, 44–48, 70, 71, 72

—Sketch of the First Logic . . . , 46, 71, 72

Basic Proposition, absolute, 18, 30, 56

Belief, 155. See also Reason

Berkeley, G., 124

Beyer, W. R., 13

Böhme, J., 70, 143

Carneades, 3

Categories, 47, 53, 93

Certainty, 31, 131, 145, 146, 151, 154, 155, 157, 158

Circle, concept of, 75, 140

—and philosophy, 90, 99

—Cartesian, 147

—geometrical, 5

—hermeneutic, 14

—of circles, 6, 98, 102

Circularity

—and geometry, 1, 6, 103

—Fichte’s concept of, 34–35, 39–43

—Hegel’s concept of, vii, viii, 1–15 passim, 82, 84, 97, 101, 102, 103, 105, 110, 111, 119, 133, 135, 136, 137, 139, 142, 147, 152, 153, 157, 159, 173, 176–79 Passim

Cogito, 144, 148, 153

Condillac, E., 167

Descartes, R., 2, 10, 39, 49, 57, 68, 69, 109, 121, 130, 131, 133, 135, 138, 141, 142–54, 166, 178

—Discourse on Method, 153

—Dioptrics, 153–54

—Meditations, 69, 153

—Meteors, 153–54

Destutt de Tracy, A., 167

Dewey, J., 94

Diallelus argument, 166, 169, 170, 173

Diderot, D., 83

Dilthey, W., 3

Dogmatism, 6, 8, 65, 142, 144, 172

Dualism, 70, 129, 130

Düsing, K., 13

Elementary philosophy, Reinhold’s, 24–27, 28–43 passim

Empiricism, 31, 92, 126, 130, 142, 163, 165

Encyclopedia, etymology of term, 83

Engels, F., 180

Epistemological justification, 2, 3, 4, 8, 17, 23, 33, 39, 42, 85, 93, 94, 97, 100, 154, 162, 166, 177

—and circularity, 8, 23

—circular, 39, 76, 77

—linear, 42, 104

Epistemological strategies, 10, 63, 161, 173, 174, 175

—analytic, 162, 164, 165–66, 168–70, 171–73

—Cartesian rationalist, 10

—Greek intuitionist, 10

—phenomenological, 162, 164–65, 167–68, 171–72

Epistemology, vii, xi, 46, 122, 141, 171, 172, 173, 180, 181

—circular, vii, 24, 44, 51, 52, 60, 90

Eriugena, J. S., 13

Faith, 56, 88, 130, 131, 143. See also Reason

Feder, J. G., 24

Fichte, J. G., 3, 13, 22–29 passim, 34–43, 44–67 passim, 71–79 passim, 109, 113, 119, 126, 128, 130, 131, 132, 146, 151, 155, 169, 174, 176, 177, 178

—Contnbution to the Correction of Judgments of the Public . . . , 39

—Critique of All Revelation, 35, 39

—First Introduction . . . , 155

—Foundation of the Entire Science of Knowledge, 37, 40, 41, 62

— “On the Concept of the Science of Knowledge,” 36–37, 40, 41

— “On the Exposition of Schelling’s System of Identity,” 59

—Own Meditations on Elementary Philosophy, 40

Foundation, epistemological, 18, 19, 26, 38, 57, 144, 145, 154, 159, 160, 161, 163, 165, 172, 177

Foundationalism, epistemological, 56, 60, 66, 73, 74, 77, 154, 163–64, 166, 169, 172, 173, 174

Founding and grounding tendency, Reinhold’s, 55, 69, 73

Fries, J. F., 42

Fulda, H.-F., 11, 13

Gadamer, H.-G., 3

Garve, C., 24

Gentile, G., 3

German eclecticism, 49

Ground, 44, 144

—absolute, 49

—rationalist, 21

—transcendental, 20, 21

Harlander, K., 13

Hartmann, N., 12

Hegel, G. W. F.

—De orbitis planetarum, 5, 76

—Differenzschrift, xi, 5–6, 50, 51–77, 82, 85, 87, 90, 94–98 passim, 101, 106, 108, 113, 114, 119, 120, 124, 125, 126, 135, 136, 139, 150, 176, 177

—Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences, x, xi, 6–7, 67, 80–137, 139, 140, 141, 144, 145, 150, 155

—Faith and Knowledge, 5, 62, 67, 114, 124, 131, 132

—Jenaer Schriften, x

—Lectures on Aesthetics, 7

—Lectures on the History of Philosophy, 8, 66, 67, 100, 111, 114, 137, 138–55

—Lectures on the Philosophy of History, 7, 112, 113

—Nürnburger Schriften, 83–84

—Phenomenology of Spirit, 6, 8–10, 13, 15, 59, 91, 92, 96, 99, 100, 105, 107, 116, 128, 156

— “Relation of Skepticism to Philosophy,” 5–6

—Science of Logic, x, 6, 11, 67, 80, 81, 82, 103, 106–10

— “Systemfragment,” 5

— “Wastebook,” 6

Hegel literature on circularity, x, 11–15

History, 111, 112–13

—of philosophy, viii, ix, 2, 14–17 passim, 70, 71, 86, 96, 103, 111, 113–21 passim, 131, 136, 137, 138, 149, 156, 161, 173

—philosophy of, 112

Holbach, P. H. T., 167

Hume, D., 26, 49, 124, 125, 151, 163

Husserl, E., 163

Hyppolite, J., 13

Idea, speculative (or absolute), 96, 104

Idealism, 48, 49, 50, 65, 178, 179

—subjective, 61, 62, 126, 127

—transcendental, 45, 50, 68

Indifference point, 61, 62

Intuition, 131

—aesthetic, 57

—intellectual, 57, 58, 60, 62, 89

—transcendental, 57, 58

Intuitionism, 131

Jacobi, F. H., 5, 23, 25, 45, 69, 71, 89, 91, 130–35

Kant, I., ix, 3, 16, 18–22, 23–39 passim, 47–55 passim, 62–67 passim, 71, 73, 89, 94, 109, 117–51 passim, 161, 170, 174, 177, 178

—Critique of Judgment, 21

—Critique of Pure Reason, 17–23 passim, 26, 42, 44, 47, 59, 68, 126

—Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals, 21

—Inaugural Dissertation, 23

—Introduction to Logic, 23

—Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, 20–21

—“Nova Dilucidatio,” 20, 21, 57

—Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, 24, 129

Käsewetter, 47

Kaufmann, W., 12

Kojève, Α., 13

Kümmel, F., 14–15

Labarrière, P.-J., 13

Lambert, J. J. H., 18–19

Leibniz, G. W., 20, 26, 39, 45, 117

Leibnizian-Wolffian philosophy, 121, 123

Leisegang, H., 13

Lenin, V. I., 13–14

Linearity. See Circularity

Litt, T., 13

Locke, J., 26, 118, 124

Logic, 26, 44, 46, 47, 115, 116

—Bardili’s reduction of philosophy to, 48

—Hegel’s critique of reduction of philosophy to, 69

—Reinhold’s reduction of philosophy to, 72, 73, 77

—speculative, 93, 115, 116

Luther, M., 143, 180

Lutheranism, 143–44

—Hegel’s, 143

Maass, 47

Maimon, S., 22, 25, 27, 28–30, 32, 34, 35, 37, 174

—Attempt at Transcendental Philosophy, 27

Marx, K., 3, 9, 13, 93, 180

Marxists, 97, 180

Materialism, 49

Mathematics, 9, 50

Mendelssohn, M., 23

Metaphysics, 81, 93, 116, 117, 121, 147

—Kantian, 117–18

—pre-Kantian (prior or old), 121–23, 124, 130, 132, 135, 136, 172

Moore, G. E., 163

Neo-Platonism, 3, 143

Newton, I., 4, 7, 104

Nietzsche, F., 23, 30

Nonphilosophy. See Unphilosophy

Ottmann, H. H., 13

Parmenides, 2, 86, 117, 139, 147

Petitio principii, 23, 147

Phenomenology, xi, 118, 160, 162, 163, 165, 167–68, 169, 170, 171–72

Philosophical revolution

—Hegel’s epistemological, 75–77

—Kant’s Copernican, 35, 75, 76, 121

—Reinhold’s, 71

Philosophical tradition

—German idealist, ix, 16, 21, 22, 30, 42

—Greek, ix, 136, 138–41, 159, 176

—modern, 10, 26, 29, 141–44 passim, 150, 177

—post-Aristotelian, 3, 11

—post-Kantian, ix, 10, 17, 19, 26, 29, 67, 113

Plato, 2, 10, 14, 35, 71, 98, 121, 122, 133, 139, 140, 141, 164, 166

—Philebus, 14

—Republic, 86, 87

—Theaetetus, 14, 122, 166

—Timaeus, 2, 8

Pragmatism, 162, 173, 179

Presocratics, 2, 11

—doctrine, 4, 10, 104, 178

Presupposition, 2, 26, 57, 70, 88, 89, 112, 122, 145, 149, 156, 158, 164–70 passim, 178, 181

—absolutely basic, 74

—Enlightenment view of, 167

—etymology of term, 86

—immediate, 100

—prephilosophical, 55

Presuppositionlessness and philosophical science, 86–90 passim, 98, 105, 145, 153, 157, 164, 165, 168, 178

Principle, 29, 76

—basic, 31

—initial (ultimate epistemological), 28, 32, 34, 36, 38, 41, 57, 60, 144

—of consciousness. See Representation

—of non-contradiction, 48

—speculative, 62

Problem of knowledge. See Epistemology

Proclus, 3

Protestant principle, 143

Protestant Reformation, 92, 143

Protestantism, 132

Rationalism, 31, 57, 69, 164, 178

Realism, 44

Reason, 19, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 64, 65, 76, 112, 127, 130, 143, 145, 155, 156, 157, 158, 180, 181

—and belief, 155–56, 180

—and faith, 143, 144, 156

—and speculation, 53, 55, 56, 145

—postulates of, 56

—pure, 21

Reflection, 90, 93, 115

Reinhold, K. L., x, 5, 21–68 passim, 69–77, 88, 94, 101, 106, 108, 109, 119, 131, 146, 152, 165, 174, 176, 177

—Attempt at a New Theory of the Human Capacity for Representation, 25, 71

—Concerning the Foundation of the Elementary Philosophy, 25

—Contributions to the Correction of Previous Misunderstandings of Philosophers, 25

—Contributions to the Easy Survey of Philosophy at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century, 48, 68, 71

—Letters on the Kantian Philosophy, 24

—On the Foundation of Philosophical Knowledge, 25, 26–27, 36

Religion and philosophy, 88

Representation, Reinhold’s principle (theory) of, 22, 25, 27, 29, 34, 36, 38

—Fichte’s reconstruction of, 38

—Hegel’s view of, 90

—Schulze’s critique of, 33–34

Rosen, S., 12

Rosenkranz, K., 83

Russell, B., 163

Schelling, F. W. J., x, 5, 22, 23, 35, 46, 49, 51–68 passim, 71, 75, 79, 113, 119, 130, 131, 132, 148, 151, 178

—An Exposition of My System of Philosophy, 61

—Ideas towards a Philosophy of Nature, 61

—System of Transcendental Idealism, 61, 68, 79, 130

Schiller, F., 51

Schleiermacher, F. E. D., 89, 130–35

—On Religion: Talks to the Educated among Their Contemptors, 131

Schopenhauer, A., 24

Schulz, W., 13, 14

Schulze, G. E. (Aenesidemus), 22, 27, 30–34, 35–40 passim, 174

—Aenesidemus, or on the Bases of the Elementary Philosophy Proposed by Professor Reinhold in Jena, 30

Science, 26, 93

—empirical, 26, 95, 98, 162

—philosophical, 26, 45, 83, 86, 92, 96, 98–99, 106, 107, 110, 157

Skeptical tropes, 32, 170

Skepticism, 30, 32, 38, 49, 124, 126, 142, 149, 163

—and dogmatism, 26

—empirical, 118

—Kant’s view of, 30–31

—Pyrrhonian, 30

—Schulze’s view of, 30–34

Skeptics, 37

Speculation, 54, 55, 58, 59

Speculative identity, 58

Spinoza, B., 114

System, philosophical, 17, 18–22, 59, 60, 63, 170

—Fichte’s view of, 36–43

Taylor, C., 12

Theology, 117, 121, 144

Thing-in-itself, 125, 129

Tholuck, F.A.C., 81

Thought

—and being (objectivity), 10, 102, 108, 133, 134, 139–58 passim, 170–81 passim

—Descartes principle of independent. See Protestant principle

Transcendental unity of apperception, 128

Understanding, 9, 39, 64, 65, 132, 142, 145

—Hegel’s view of, 130

—Kant’s view of, 55, 56, 76

Unlimited repetition, 45, 48, 50

Unphilosophy, 51, 52, 53, 66, 72, 119, 177

Vico, G., 3, 122

Wolff, C., 18, 19, 84, 117

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