Mar. 23

Second Plenum, Seventh Central Committee, CCP, directs all cadres to start participating in cultural struggle

July 1

Mao Tse-tung publishes “On People’s Democracy,” stressing need to reform intellectuals

2

National Assembly of Literary and Art Workers starts meeting in Peking

7

Chou En-lai reports before the Assembly, urging writers to accept CCP leadership, reform themselves, and strive to serve the people

19

All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles (FLAC, with branches in major cities) formed, with Kuo Mo-jo as chairman, Mao Tun and Chou Yang as vice-chairmen; many other literary and art associations also formed at about the same time

Aug. 22

First campaign to question the appearance of bourgeois characters in literature begins in Shanghai publications

Sept. 25

Literary Gazette, organ of All-China FLAC, formally starts publication

Oct. 1

Mao Tun appointed minister in charge of Department of Cultural Affairs (DCA) in the State Council; Kuo Mo-jo chairs the Cultural and Educational Commission

Feb. 14

Peking-Moscow treaty of alliance signed; influx of Russian literature begins

18

Poet Tai Wang-shu dies

Mar. 29

Kuo Mo-jo chairs Association for the Study of Folk Literature, with Lao She as vice-chairman

Mar.

Sometime in this month Mao Tse-tung condemns Yao K’o’s Malice of Empire as betraying China and calls for nationwide denunciation of the play

Apr. 19

Party Central decides to launch criticism campaigns in mass media

May

DCA pushes for publication of a large number of literary works, including classical, modern, and translated works, performing arts, and literary theories

June 6

Third Plenum, Seventh Central Committee, decides on large-scale reform campaign (cheng-feng movement)

26

Korean War begins

July 11

Chou Yang appointed head of Central Commission for Theater Reform; Mao Tun in charge of Central Commission to direct motion picture industry, with Chiang Ching as a member of the Commission; DCA issues five-point directive on film-making

29

Shanghai FLAC established, with Hsia Yen as chairman; Pa Chin, Feng Hsüeh-feng, Mei Lan-fang, and Ho Lü-ting as vice-chairmen

Sept.

Tientsin FLAC established, Fang Chi and Lu Li among committee members

Oct. 25

Chinese Communist volunteer troops enter the Korean War

28

All-China FLAC calls upon writers and artists to support the Korean War

Nov. 27

DCA holds two-week national meeting on theater programs

29

People’s Daily republishes Mao Tse-tung’s “On Practice” and exhorts all writers and artists to study it

Dec.

Campaign to suppress counterrevolutionary elements spreads throughout the country

Jan. 2

Central Institute of Literary Research established in Peking, jointly directed by DCA and All-China FLAC, to train literary workers

Mar. 5

All-China FLAC’s Standing Committee announces survey showing seventy-four literary magazines in operation

Apr. 25

Literary Gazette starts drive to criticize the motion picture Wu Hsün chuan

May 5

State Council directive on theater reform issued

12

Chou Yang’s speech at Central Institute of Literary Research urges adherence to Mao Tsetung’s literary policy

20

Mao Tse-tung’s signed editorial in the People’s Daily orders close critical attention to the movie Wu Hsün chuan

June 6

People’s Daily calls for effort to maintain purity and health of the Chinese language

15

Liberation Army Literature (monthly) starts publication

16

DCA holds meeting of cultural work groups assigned to all parts of the country

July 23

People’s Daily starts publishing historical documents related to the life of Wu Hsün

Oct.

Folk Literature series published

10

Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung, Vol. 1, published

Nov. 17

All-China FLAC meeting decides on program of political education for writers

24

Chou Yang and Hu Ch’iao-mu start reform (cheng-feng) movement in literature and art

Dec. 20

Kuo Mo-jo awarded Stalin International Peace Prize

Jan.

Drama (monthly) published

Jan.

Three Antis movement starts; writers respond with works on this theme

5

The People’s Political Consultative Conference releases resolution to involve intellectuals in thought reform

Mar. 5

First group of writers goes to factories, farms, and army to learn from the proletariat

May 10

Literary Gazette calls for nationwide discussion on creating new heroes in literature

23

Reform (cheng-feng) movement spreads among writers and artists

Oct. 6

DCA sponsors first national drama festival

Dec.

Second wave of writers goes to factories and farms to learn from the proletariat; land reform completed; literary works concentrate on land reform themes

26

DCA issues directive on improving the work of dramatic troupes

Jan.

First five-year plan begins

11

Chou Yang, second in command in Party Central’s Propaganda Department and in DCA, publishes “Socialist Realism—the Road Ahead for Chinese Literature”

30

Lin Mo-han and Ho Ch’i-fang begin attack on Hu Feng in Literary Gazette

Feb. 22

Literary Research Institute established at Peking University (transferred to Academy of Science in 1956)

Mar. 24

National Assembly of Literary and Art Workers meets on literary productivity, reorganizes All-China FLAC, and creates mechanism to guide writers

28

Writers organized to go to the Korean front

July

Literature in Translation (I-wen) published, later renamed World Literature (Shih-chieh wen-hsüeh)

27

Truce in Korean War

Sept. 23

National Assembly of Literary and Art Workers meets again to organize Chinese Writers’ Association (CWA) with branches in major cities

25

General Line (of national policy during the transition to a socialist state), designed by Party Central a year before, announced; drive begins for entire populace to study it

Oct. 9

Kuo Mo-jo chairs All-China FLAC; Mao Tun and Chou Yang serve as vice-chairmen; Mao Tun heads up national CWA, with Chou Yang, Ting Ling, Pa Chin, K’o Chung-p’ing, Lao She, Feng Hsüeh-feng, and Shao Ch’üan-lin as vice-chairmen

Dec. 24

State Council announces “Decisions on Strengthening Motion Picture Work”

Jan. 19

All literary and art associations announce plans for activities to support the General Line

20

Theater Journal (Hsi-chü pao) starts publication

Mar. 1

“Literary Heritage” page starts in Enlightenment Daily (Peking) for purpose of critically restudying Chinese classics

May 3

Chinese People’s Association for External Cultural Relations established, with Ch’u T’u-nan presiding and Ting Hsi-ling, Yang Han-sheng, and Hung Shen (three noted playwrights) as vice-presidents

June

Criticism campaign against Lu Ling’s novels begins, later condemning him as a supporter of Hu Feng

7

DCA and National Federation of Labor Unions issue joint directive on strengthening cultural and artistic activities in the industries

Sept. 1

Li Hsi-fan and Lan Ling start attacking Yü P’ingpo’s studies on Dream of the Red Chamber

Oct. 16

Mao Tse-tung sends letter to Politburo, supporting Li Hsi-fan’s criticism against Yü P’ing-po over Dream of the Red Chamber; national campaign to criticize Yü and Hu Shih starts

28

Feng Hsüeh-feng, editor of Literary Gazette, criticized by poet Yüan Shui-p’ai because of Feng’s negative comment on Li Hsi-fan; this starts the Literary Gazette Case leading to Feng’s downfall

Dec. 2

Kuo Mo-jo chairs special committee appointed by Academy of Science and national CWA to criticize Hu Shih’s thought

8

All-China FLAC and CWA jointly decide on criticism agains Yü P’ing-po and reorganization of Literary Gazette

Feb. 5

CWA announces decision to criticize Hu Feng

Mar. 10

FLAC announces decision to criticize Hu Feng and Hu Shih and to expand struggle against bourgeois thought in literature and art

21-31

Second session of CCP’s Seventh Congress adopts resolution on anti-Party clique of Kao Kang and Jao Shu-shih

May 13

People’s Daily leads in national campaign to attack Hu Feng accused of leading an anti-Party clique
(Over 81,000 persons, many of them writers, accused of involvement in anti-Party activities during 1955)

Aug. 18

FLAC and CWA hold joint meeting on the Hu Feng case and other hidden anti-Party elements

Oct. 4

Literary activities respond to call for cooperativization of agriculture announced by Sixth Plenum of Seventh Central Committee, CCP

Jan. 14

Chou En-lai speaks to special Party conference on intellectuals, urging relaxation of control

30

Chou Yang directs Literary Gazette to begin campaign against Ting Ling

Feb. 27

Chou Yang speaks at CWA conference defining the “mission to develop socialist literature”

Mar. 1

First national spoken drama festival begins in Peking

13

CWA adopts resolution on how to strengthen screenplay productivity

15

National conference of young writers begins

May 26

CCP’s Propaganda Department chief Lu Ting-i issues call, “let a hundred kinds of flowers bloom together and let the hundred schools of thought freely contend”

Sept. 15

CCP’s Eighth Congress convened, calls for carrying out the Hundred Flowers policy

Nov. 21

Ten-day conference of magazine editors begins in Peking to plan response to Hundred Flowers movement

Dec.

CWA Leadership reshuffled: first secretary, Mao Tun; secretaries, Lao She, Shao Ch’üan-lin, Liu Pai-yu, Ts’ao Yü, Tsang K’o-chia, Wu Tsu-Hsiang, Chang Chin-i, Chang Kuang-nien, Ch’en Pai-Ch’en, Yen Wen-ching

Jan.

Poetry Journal (Shih-k’an) inaugurated with eighteen poems by Mao Tse-tung

Feb. 27

Mao Tse-tung addresses Supreme State Council on “How to Properly Handle Internal Contradictions among the People”

May 1

Party Central directs another reform (cheng-feng) movement; writers boost activities in Hundred Flowers movement

June 6

Struggle against rightists begins among writers; silenced and exiled by September: Ting Ling, Ch’en Ch’i-hsia, Feng Hsüeh-feng, Ai Ch’ing, Wu Tsu-kuang, Liu Pin-yen, and others

July 12

People’s Daily calls for correction of the bourgeois tendency of Literary Gazette

24

Harvest (Shou-huo) begins publication, edited by Pa Chin

Sept. 1

People’s Daily urges continued struggle against rightists among writers to protect socialist literature

Jan.

Second five-year plan starts

26

Literary Gazette repeats attack on Wang Shih-wei, Ting Ling, Hsiao Chün, Lo Feng, and Ai Ch’ing

Apr. 14

Large-scale campaign to collect and encourage folk songs begins

May

Second session of CCP’s Eighth Congress issues new General Line calling for accelerated buildup of socialism; writers respond

June 1

Chou Yang writes “New Folk Songs Have Blazed a Trail for Poetry” in inaugural issue of Party organ Red Flag (Hung-ch’i)

9

People’s Daily announces, “A cultural revolution has started”

26

Literary Gazette starts criticism campaign against revisionist literary policy of Yugoslavia

Aug. 1

First national folk theater festival begins in Peking

Sept. 27

FLAC calls for encouragement of literary creativity among masses

Oct.

Collections of local theater pieces first published

Nov. 28

Sixth Plenum of Eighth Central Committee decides on People’s Commune movement, announces Three Red Flags campaign: Commune, General Line, Great Leap Forward

Dec.

Literary Research Institute of Academy of Science publishes Mao Tse-tung on Literature and Art
During 1958 many authors, including Pa Chin, are criticized, largely because of K’ang Sheng’s campaign to “Pull out the White Flags”

Feb.

Campaign against Yang Mo’s Song of Youth begins

June

Wu Han’s “Hai Jui Upbraids the Emperor” published

Aug. 2-16

Eighth Plenum, Eighth Central, meets at Mt. Lu (Kiangsi Province) to condemn Marshal P’eng Teh-huai, member of Politburo, vice-premier, and defense minister, as a rightist opposing Great Leap Forward

Sept.

FLAC meets to support the anti-rightist decision reached at Eighth Plenum; celebrated actor Chou Hsin-fang stages the opera Hai Jui Memorializes the Emperor in Shanghai (Chou is later condemned for it during Cultural Revolution)

Dec. 11

Literary Gazette criticizes Kuo Hsiao-ch’uan’s “Gazing at the Starry Sky”

Jan. 11

Literary Gazette starts anti-revisionism campaign, resulting in the disgrace of Chao Hsün, Jen Chün, Hai Mo, Yü Hei-ting, Ch’ien Ku-jung, Chiang K’ung-yang, Li Ho-lin, Wang Shu-ming, Wang Jen-shu, etc.

26

Yao Wen-yüan’s essay attacks Wang Jen-shu’s theory of human nature

Feb. 25

48-day meeting of Shanghai Writers’ Association criticizes the revisionism of many leading writers in that area

June

CCP holds conference of leading writers and educators from all over the country

July

Chou Yang reports to the Third National Assembly of Literary and Art Workers on “The Path of Socialist Literature and Art in China”; the month-long meeting decides on important measures to improve the writers’ socialist awareness and eradicate bourgeois thought

Aug.

CWA leadership reshuffle: Mao Tun, Chou Yang, Pa Chin, K’o Chung-p’ing, Lao She, Shao Ch’üan-lin, Liu Pai-yu in power; FLAC leaders: Kuo Mo-jo, Mao Tun, Chou Yang, Pa Chin, Lao She, Hsü Kuang-p’ing, T’ien Han, Ou-yang Yü-ch’ien, Mei Lan-fang, Hsia Yen, Ts’ai Ch’u-sheng, Ho Hsiang-ning, Ma Szu-ts’ung, Fu Chung, Saifuting, Yang Han-sheng

Sept.-Oct.

Repeated directives denouncing bourgeois hu-manitarianism, upholding Mao Tse-tung’s theory of struggle against revisionism in literature; Pearl Buck criticized

Jan. 14-18

Ninth Plenum, Eighth Central, urges “readjustment, consolidation, reinforcement, and elevation” to salvage the Three Red Flags movement; Wu Han’s play Hai Jui’s Dismissal from Office published in Peking Literature

Mar.

Teng T’o starts column “Evening Talks at Yen-shan” in Peking Evening News, continuing until September 1962

26

Literary Gazette calls for expansion of literary themes and styles

May

CCP’s Propaganda Department issues ten-point directive to correct extremist leftism in literature

June 8

Month-long meeting on story films begins in Peking, drafts 32-point directive

19

Chou En-lai addresses the above meeting, urging democracy in literature

Aug.

Drama publishes T’ien Han’s Hsieh Yao-huan and Meng Ch’ao’s Li Hui-niang, both later denounced

1

CCP’s ten-point directive handed to literary and art circles to study

31

Liao Mo-sha, Teng T’o’s associate, publishes “No Harm to Have Ghosts in Literature,” later denounced

Sept. 19

DCA urges development of folk drama

Oct. 10

Teng T’o, Wu Han, and Liao Mo-sha start column “Three-Family Village Notes” in Peking’s Frontline magazine

Dec. 7

CCP Propaganda Department head Lu Ting-i revises ten-point directive into eight points

Jan.

CCP Central Work conference begins, 7,000 attending; Mao Tse-tung presents self-criticism and reveals author Wang Shih-wei’s death in jail in Yenan back in the 1940s; failure of the Three Red Flags movement examined

Apr.

CCP issues eight-point directive on literature and art

May

People’s Daily urges “Serve the People” to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the Yenan Forum

July 6

Chiang Ching demands banning the play Hai Jui’s Dismissal from Office

28

Historical novel Liu Chih-tan serialized in Peking’s Worker’s Daily

Aug. 4

Mao Tse-tung orders suspension of Liu Chih-tan

Sept. 21

Dramatist Ou-yang Yü-ch’ien dies in Peking

24

Tenth Plenum, Eighth Central, Mao Tse-tung admonishes the country “never to forget class struggle,” and attacks Liu Chih-tan, resulting in removal of Vice-Premier Hsi Chung-hsün and others; K’ang Sheng and Chiang Ching demand DCA to ban theater programs featuring ghosts, followed by another demand to ban all traditional theater pieces

Aug. 2-16

Shao Ch’üan-lin chairs writers meeting in Dairen, discussing “middle character” issue

Jan. 1

Politburo member, Shanghai CCP’s first secretary, K’o Ch’ing-shih calls for bold writing for ten years; dispute follows; Mao Tse-tung personally criticizes DCA as a bunch of “emperors and generals, feudal scholars and dainty maidens” for failure to push revolutionary operas organized by Chiang Ching

Mar.

DCA bans theater programs featuring ghosts; Chiang Ching announces intention to reform literature and art

Apr.

CCP’s Propaganda Dept. criticizes Shanghai’s K’o Ch’ing-shih; Literary Gazette attacks historian Chou Ku-ch’eng

27

FLAC meets to strengthen revolutionary line in literature and oppose revisionism

May

Mao Tse-tung orders “Socialist Education” movement, calling it the most important movement since land reform

6

Chiang Ching and K’o Ch’ing-shih criticize “ghost drama,” attack cultural offices in Peking

Sept.

DCA and Dramatists’ Association meet on policy about the theater; Literary Gazette advocates equal emphasis on traditional theater, new historical plays, and contemporary (revolutionary) drama; the last prevails

Nov.

Red Lantern produced

26

Literary Gazette criticizes Russian films and “modern revisionist art”

Dec. 12

Mao Tse-tung comments on the lack of socialist reform in all literary genres

Jan. 3

Liu Shao-ch’i, Teng Hsiao-p’ing, and P’eng Chen cool toward Mao-Chiang directives about literature, but still hold meeting to encourage more revolutionary operas

Mar. 31

DCA sponsors theater contest

June 5

Contemporary (revolutionary) opera festival in Peking, including Red Lantern, Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy

24

Mao Tse-tung decries refusal of literary organizations to carry out CCP’s directives

Aug.

Mao Tse-tung orders denunciation of films Northland and South of the River and February, Early Spring

Oct.

Literary Gazette attacks Shao Ch’üan-lin’s “middle character” theory; Ou-yang Shan’s novel, Three-Family Lane, criticized

Jan.

CCP Propaganda chief Lu Ting-i replaces Mao Tun as minister of Cultural Affairs

30

Literary Gazette attacks Shu Ch’ün’s story “Beyond the History of the Factory”

Feb. 16

Literary Gazette criticizes Ch’en Hsiang-ho’s historical novels

May

Hsia Yen dismissed from office, his screenplay Lin Family Store denounced

June

K’o Ling’s screenplay Nightless City criticized

Nov. 10

Yao Wen-yüan starts campaign to destroy Hai Jui’s Dismissal from Office in Shanghai’s Wen-hui Daily; Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution begins

Feb. 2

Chiang Ching, by Lin Piao’s order, holds conference in Shanghai on literary work in the armed forces; Mao Tse-tung edits the proceedings before publishing them

3

P’eng Chen heads up a five-man committee on cultural revolution in Peking, prepares report on intellectual tasks; Liu Shao-ch’i approves and releases the report

Apr.

Shanghai faction of cultural revolution winning; P’eng Chen disappears

14

Kuo Mo-jo publicly criticizes himself

16

Criticism of Teng T’o begins; Teng soon dies of harassment

May 7

Mao writes letter to Lin Piao, ordering every Chinese to learn other productive jobs in addition to his or her own carrier (the May Seven directive)

18

Lin Piao reports to Politburo meeting on struggle against P’eng Chen, Lo Jui-ch’ing, Lu Ting-i, and Yang Shang-k’un

18

People’s Daily reorganized with Shanghai faction winning

June-July

Red Guards start storming universities and other government agencies; Peking intellectuals subjected to physical abuse in struggle meetings

July 1

Chou Yang attacked

18

Mao Tse-tung returns to Peking from Shanghai

Aug.

Mao Tse-tung writes big-character poster, “Bombard the Headquarters”

8

Eleventh Plenum, Eighth Central, approves Mao’s sixteen-point decision on Cultural Revolution

Sometime in August Liu Shao-ch’i’s downfall begins; Red Guards run rampant

24

Lao She’s body found in Peking creek, two days after being beaten severely by Red Guards; several other top literary leaders beaten at same time

Nov. 16

CCP and State Council order closing of schools to allow Red Guards to travel around the country

Dec.

Fighting surges between Mao followers and Liu supporters: literary journals suspend publication

4

P’eng Chen arrested and abused by Red Guards; most leaders in Peking harassed

10

T’ien Han dies in jail

24

Red Guards arrest Marshal P’eng Teh-huai in Chengtu and take him to Peking for trial

Supporters of Mao and Chiang Ching take over all offices and institutions throughout the country; Liu Shao-ch’i and Teng Hsiao-p’ing physically abused by Red Guards; mob action, civil war conditions, and confusion prevail; Chiang Ching and supporters urge “three dominances principle” in literature (san-t’u-ch’u: positive characters, heroic characters, central heroic figure—in ascending order of importance) and condemn all writings between 1949 and Cultural Revolution; literature completely paralyzed

1970-1973

Cultural Revolution simmers down slowly; some noncontroversial technical magazines gradually resume publication; writers sent to learn from the proletariat slowly return to cities; Shao Ch’üan-lin dies in jail on June 10, 1971; poet Tsang K’o-chia returns to Peking from countryside in Hsien-ning, Hupeh

July 25

Wang Jen-shu (Pa Jen) dies doing hard labor in hometown as result of Red Guards’ persecution

Apr. 4

Playwright Ting Hsi-lin dies in Peking

Poet Ai Ch’ing returns from Sinkiang to live in Peking; Feng Hsüeh-feng, disgraced in 1957-58, dies

Jan.

Fifth five-year plan begins

Jan.

People’s Literature resumes publication, edited by poet Li Chi, still upholding revolutionary operas and Mao’s directives on literature dated Dec. 12,1963 and June 27,1964; Poetry Journal resumes publication featuring two new poems by Mao Tse-tung, with Yen Ch’en as chief editor, and Tsou Ti-fan and K’o Yen as associate editors; People’s Drama resumes publication

8

Chou En-lai dies

Apr. 5

Riot at the Heavenly Peace Gate in Peking: police clash with supporters of Chou En-lai and Teng Hsiao-p’ing

Sept. 9

Mao Tse-tung dies: Hua Kuo-feng succeeds him; Teng Hsiao-p’ing returns to power

Oct.

Poet Kuo Hsiao-ch’uan dies

Oct.

Gang of four (Chiang Ching, Chang Ch’un-ch’iao, Wang Hung-wen, and Yao Wen-yüan) officially denounced

During the year, over thirty new full-length novels published; many old novels once condemned during the Cultural Revolution republished, including The Builders, Li Tzu-ch’eng, Red Rock, Hurricane, Sea of Forest on Snow-covered Plain, Song of Youth, Wildfire and Wind Vie in an Old City, Heroes of Lüliang Mountains, New Romance of Heroes and Heroines; Lin Mo-han returns to Peking to prepare annotated edition of Complete Works of Lu Hsun

July 24

Poet Ho Ch’i-fang dies

Oct.

Chou Yang, one of Four Villains, reappears in public

Nov.

Liu Hsin-wu’s “Class Monitor,” exposing evil of Gang of Four in education, appears in People’s Literature; Kwangtung Literature criticizes Hao Jan

25

Mao Tun resumes writing; his critical essay against the Gang of Four appears in People’s Daily

Dec. 28

People’s Literature sponsors four-day conference to discuss new policy after the fall of the Gang of Four

Nearly all literary organizations resume operation; Mao Tun and Chou Yang resume leadership; World Literature (Shih-chieh wen-hsüeh) resumes operation; twenty-two world literature masterpieces in translation scheduled for reappearance

Jan.

Poetry Journal publishes Mao Tse-tung’s July 21, 1965, letter to Ch’en Yi discussing poetry; other major publications also print it; People’s Literature prints Hsü Ch’ih’s “The Goldbach Conjecture,” a report on mathematician Ch’en Ching-jun, drawing nationwide attention

10

Works by Ma Feng, Chün Ch’ing, Liang Pin, Sun Li, and others, condemned during Cultural Revolution, scheduled for republication

Feb.

Literary Criticism (Wen-hsüeh p’ing-lun, a bimonthly) resumes publication

Mar.

Li Hsi-fan, whose attack on Yü P’ing-po forshad-owed Cultural Revolution, criticized in Literary Criticism

Apr. 30

“Red Flag,” first poem by Ai Ch’ing in twenty years, appears in Wen-hui Daily, Shanghai

June

Novelist Liu Ch’ing dies

12

Kuo Mo-jo dies

28

Wu Tsu-kuang announces plan to write play based on life of Mei Lan-fang

July

Literary Gazette resumes publication

Aug.

People’s Literature publishes first science fiction

Nov.

Poems collected during the Heavenly Peace Gate riot published; Ts’ao Yü’s five-act historical play, Wang Chao-chün, published; death of Chao Shu-li under Red Guard torture reported by novelist Ch’en Teng-k’o in Literary Gazette

Jan.

Novelist Hao Jan, former CCP propaganda chief Lu Ting-i, playwright Yang Han-sheng (one of Four Villains) reappear in public; P’eng Teh-huai’s case reversed

16

Wu Han posthumously restored to honor; P’eng Chen’s case reversed

17

Liu Chih-tan, the novel banned by Mao Tse-tung for sixteen years, scheduled for republication

Feb.

Pa Chin publishes account of his and his wife’s suffering during Cultural Revolution; Hsia Yen, disabled, appointed advisor to DCA; Ting Ling back in Peking

4

Chou En-lai’s June 19, 1961 speech urging more democracy in literature reissued

Mar.

Hsiao Chün seen in Peking

26

Liu Hsin-wu and Wang Ya-p’ing (two new writers) and Chou Li-po win top recognition in 1978 short story review

Apr. 21

T’ien Han posthumously restored to honor

24

Liu Pai-yü appointed head of cultural affairs in the Political Department of the People’s Liberation Army

May 20

Irony over Dream of the Red Chamber: Yü P’ing-po and Li Hsi-fan, two ideological enemies, drink toast at dinner celebrating establishment of Dream of the Red Chamber Journal in Peking