“Mutiny amid Repression: Russian Soldiers in the Revolution of 1905–1906”
Agrarian disorders. See Peasant rebellion
Agricultural labor, 15-16, 55
Akhulginsk infantry regiment, 250th, 136, 139-40
Alexander II, 9, 28
All-Russian Peasant Union, 121, 211
Alshanskii, Aleksandr, 35
Anapa reserve infantry battalion, 252nd, 104
Andizhan reserve battalion, 4th, 212
Anti-Semitism, 56, 79, 80, 161, 162-63
Apsheronsk infantry regiment, 81st, 92
Argunov, Andrei, 202-203
Arrests, 121, 153; of mutineers, 192, 201, 204; of revolutionaries, 126, 157, 187, 207, 214; of soldiers, 91, 94, 126, 183, 214
Artels, 18, 102
Artillery (artillerists), 9, 176, 212, 259n.5; mutinies in, 77, 91, 107, 139, 172, 282n.7, 303n.4, 303n.5; role in Helsingfors mutiny, 216-20, 223; role in Kronstadt mutiny, 83, 84-85; role in punitive operation plans, 149, 150; role in Sveaborg mutiny, 92-93; use in civilian insurrections, 132-33; use in punitive expeditions, 116
Artillery (weapons), 116, 133, 136, 139
Artillery brigades: 1st, 185-86; 3rd, 185-86; 9th, 213; 12th, 93; 26th, 93-94; 36th, 95; 51st, 95; 68th, 186-88
Arzamas infantry regiment, 307th, 133
Astrakhan Grenadier infantry regiment, 129-30, 204
Azef, Evno, 219
Baku, 81, 107
Baltic Fleet, 159, 170, 211; mutiny in, 215, 216-20, 221
Baltic provinces, 57, 59, 75, 105-107, 114, 137; martial law in, 115-16, 121; mutinies in, 141-42, table 141; punitive expedition to, 115-18, 119-20
Banquet campaign of 1904, 41-42, 44, 50
Baranovichi, 185-86
Batum, 30, 31, 32, 135; mutinies in, 91, 92
Beliaev, Gen., 83
Belorussia: mutinies in, 142, table 141
Berdiansk infantry battalion, 278th, 183-85
Berezovskii military publishing house, 162
Black Sea Fleet, 36, 60-62, 63, 97, 206, 217
Blankets, 12, 13, 112, 163, 187
Bloody Sunday (Petersburg massacre), 4445, 46, 49, 146
Bobruisk disciplinary battalion, 95
Bobruisk reserve battalion, 226th, 27, 179
Bogdanov, Aleksandr, 58
Bolkhov infantry regiment, 138th, 182
Bolshevik military organizations, 155-58, 167-68, 177-78, 201, 204-205; role in Helsingfors mutiny, 215-16
Bolsheviks, 58, 63, 67, 122, 151, 200; and combat organizations, 156, 157; 1905 strength, 48, 274n.10; 1905 plans, 49, 65; on peasant rebellion, 222, 223, 224; plans for 1906 general strike, 220-21; and Potemkin mutiny, 61, 62-63; response to Duma dissolution, 209-11, 310n.32; role in Kronstadt-Helsingfors mutiny, 215, 217, 219; role in Moscow insurrection, 124, 125, 127-28, 130-31
Boots, 12, 13-14, 92-93, 112, 164
Brest infantry regiment, 49th, 164
Bund, 36, 61-62, 65, 151, 210, 220; Congress of 1905, 63; membership, 49, 152, 274-75n.1o; military organizations, 59, 94, 164-65, 178; role in Grodno artillery mutinies, 94-95, 96, 100
Caucasus, 45, 75, 90, 114, 121, 139; army-civilian conflicts in, 57, 134-37; demobilization effects in, 105-107; military organizations in, 59, 155, 167; mutinies in, 77, 110, 111, 142, 303n.5, table 141; punitive expeditions to, 136-37, 149; strikes in, 31, 67
Caucasus Kuban cossack regiment, 2nd, 110
Caucasus military district, 106, 134, 288n.8o Cavalry, 3, 19-20, 87, 112, 196, 259n.5; mutinies in, 77, 96, 107, 172, 193, 282n.7, 303n.5; role in Caucasus conflicts, 134, 135; role in Moscow insurrection, 129; squadron strength, 275n.17; use in control of civil disorders, 27, 32, 52, 57; use in punitive expeditions, 116, 117, 118, 14850
Cavalry division, 2nd, 148
Censorship, 80, 153, 171, 177
Central Asia: mutinies in, 96, 141, table 141
Chernigov Province, 54, 113-15
Chernov, Viktor, 122, 128, 147, 201, 219
Chita, 88-89, 103, 119
Cities, 2, 37, 49, 120, 208; 18th- and 19th- century conscription in, 6; influence on villages, 5, 26, 45, 47, 223. See also Urban rebellion
City councils, 65, 68
Civil disorder, 120-21, 122-23, 154, 193; use of army to contain, 24-26, 27, 29-34, 5258, 114-15. See also Peasant rebellion; Urban rebellion
Civilians, 57, 225-26; in Moscow insurrection, 127-28, 130-31; role in mutinies, 96, 186, 187-88; soldiers’ attacks on, 63, 6870, 80-81, 91, 95, 114, 135-37
Civilian work (vol’nye raboty): performed by soldiers, 13-18, 55, 101, 112, 126
Combat organizations, 155-58
Conscription (draft), 6-9, 209
Conscripts (draftees), 2-3, 4-5, 20, 35-38, 150; as NCOs, 18; role in mutinies, 12627, 187
Conservatives, 41, 48, 162, 199
Constituent assembly, 68, 178, 101, 104, 200, 215
Cossack reserve regiments, 109-10
Cossacks, 87, 109, 122, 140, 196, 275-76n.18; mutinies of, 89, 107, 109-11, 134, 172, 193, 194-96, 212, 282n.7, 303n.5, 310n.33; role in Caucasus conflicts, 134-36; role in Moscow mutinies, 124, 127; use in civil disorders, 27, 30, 32, 33, 52, 57, 69, 70, 132-34; use in punitive expeditions, 114, 115, 116, 117. See also Don cossack regiments; Kuban cossacks
Cossack villagers, 109-10, 139-40, 196
Courland Province, 115-18
Courts-martial, 37, 171, 192
Crimean War, 5, 7, 25
Dagestan regiment, 82nd, 182
Death penalty. See Execution Demands, 112, 165, 183, 185-86; of Grodno artillerists, 93-94, 96, 100-101, 126, 287n.59; of Kronstadt garrison, 83-84; role in Moscow mutinies, 124-25, 126; role in 1905 mutinies, 91-93, 97-99, 100-104, 139; role in 1906 mutinies, 181-82, 187-90, 194, 212. See also Petitions Demobilization, 87-93, 114; effect on army strength, 105-106; and Moscow insurrection, 127, 129; place in soldiers’ demands, 100, 102, 195; self-demobilization, 110
Demonstrations, 34, 57, 113, 148, 212; after October Manifesto, 79, 80-81; role in Moscow insurrection, 130; role in mutinies, 61-62, 92, 104
Depot battalions, 43, 89
Depot infantry battalion, 160th, 92, 103
Deshlagar, 213-14
Discharges, 163-64, 187, 189
Discipline, 150, 161, 164, 180; during civil disorders, 54-55, 56; and mutinies, 75-76, 91-92, 181; in summer encampments, 183-86. See also Indiscipline Don cossack regiments, 109, 110, 187, 19496; 1st, 104, 124; 32nd, 202; 41st, 182
Don cossack villages, 195-96
Don infantry regiment, 111th, 164-65, 212
Draft (conscription), 6-9, 209
Draftees. See Conscripts Dragomirov, Mikhail, 13, 16
Dragoons, 52-63, 115, 125, 303n.3
Dubasov, Fedor, 113-14, 129, 137
Duma, 71, 145-47, 150-54, 157, 173-76, 198200; dissolution anticipated, 202, 205-206; dissolution, 188-89, 206-209; dissolution effects, 212, 222-24; elections for, 65; military organizations and, 177-79; mutinies during, 172-73, 191; and peasant rebellion, 222-23; soldiers’ attitude toward, 188, 190-91, 193-95, 203
Dumovo, Petr, 113, 115-17, 121, 149-50
East Siberian rifle division, 5th, 118
East Siberian rifle regiments, 172
Eight-hour day, 101, 104, 122
Ekaterinodar, 104, 110-11
Ekaterinogradskaia disciplinary battalion, 104
Ekaterinoslav, 69, 70, 78, 139, 183-84; insurrection in, 134, 137; mutinies in, 107; pogrom in, 80
Ekaterinoslav Grenadier regiment, 35, 81, 124-25
Elizavetgrad, 52-53
Engels, Friedrich, 37, 271-72n.47
Engineering units, 19, 92, 112, 259n.5
Enisei Siberian infantry regiment, 6th, 118
Ermolov, Aleksei, 51-52, 64
Estland Province, 115-18
Estonians, 115, 117
Execution (death penalty), 85-86, 146, 220
Factory workers, 3, 26, 36, 44, 49; and civil disorders, 27-28, 53-54, 56
Family allowances, 87, 90
Feodisii infantry regiment, 134th, 183-85
Finland, 156, 201-202, 215-21
Finland rifle regiments, 172, 28m.5
Finnish Red Guard, 216, 218
Food, 12, 53, 112, 126; role in soldiers’ complaints, 100, 101, 165, 183, 184, 185-86, 189
IV Siberian Corps, 87-89, 118-19
From Double Eagle to Red Flag (Ot Dvuglavogo Orlakkrasnomu znameni) (Krasnov), 21-22
Fundaminskii, Ilia, 219-20
Gapon, Georgii, 44-45, 47
Gardens, regimental, 12, 16, 165
Generals, 3, 8, 32, 53, 86-87, 113-15
General strike, 48-50, 61, 65-66, 86; of December 1905, 123, 127-30, 132; of October 1905, 66-73, 74-75, 78; plans for in 1906, 209-11, 220-21, 222-24
Georgians, 111, 134
Gomel, 92, 103, 105
Goremykin, Ivan, 151, 174, 198, 206-208
Gots, Mikhail, 65
Graivoron infantry regiment, 203rd, 186-88
Grenadiers, 35, 81; mutinies in, 77, 91, 107, 179, 282n.7; 1906 disorders in, 172, 303n.4, 303n.5; role in Moscow mutinies, 124-27, 128, 129-30, 131, 143
Grodno, 178; mutinies in, 93-95, 96
Grulev, M. I., 101
Guards, 3, 9, 20-21, 122, 177, 207; mutinies in, 77, 108, 282n.7; 1906 disorders in, 172, 193~94; role in Moscow insurrection, 129, 131; use in punitive expeditions, 116, 118, 119
Guards sapper battalion, 183-84, 194
Guerrillas, 59, 106-107, 154, 158
Harbin, 77, 86-88
Helsingfors: mutiny in, 215-21
Helsingfors fortress mine company, 217, 219-20
Helsingfors garrison, 216-20, 223
laroslavskii, Emelian, 156, 158
Imperial Kirasirsk cavalry, 116
Imperial Manifesto of Oct. 17, 1905. See October Manifesto
Indiscipline, 55, 56, 80-82, 112, 183-86; relationship to mutiny, 76, 78, 90-92, 95, 97; role in 1906 mutinies, 181, 183, 186-88, 192. See also Discipline Infantry, 3, 9, 122, 196, 204, 259n.5; company strength, 105-106, 275n.17; demobilization, 109; length of service, 112; 1905 mutinies, 56, 76-77, 83-85, 93, 97, 99, 107, 28m.5, 282n.6; 1906 mutinies, 172, 183-85, 193, 306n.42; role in Caucasus conflicts, 134-37; role in civilian insurrections, 132-34; role in Kronstadt-Helsingfors mutiny, 215-16, 217-18, 220; role in Moscow insurrection, 129-30; role in punitive operation plans, 149-50; use in civil disorders, 27, 32, 33, 52, 69, 70; use in punitive expeditions, 114, 115, 116, 11819. See also units by name Infantry divisions: 21st, 213; 23rd, 70, 303 n.4; 33rd, 134-35, 137
Ingermanland regiment, 9th, 204
Insar infantry regiment, 216th, 184
Insurrection, civilian, 37, 49-50, 58, 60, 12022, 154; expected in 1906, 147-48, 209-11, 222-24
Insurrection, military. See Mutiny Interior, Ministry of, 32, 34, 53, 149-50, 17576, 207
Irkutsk, 89, 118, 210
Irkutsk Siberian infantry regiment, 5th, 118
Iskra, 34, 35, 27m.45
Iuzovka, 27
Ivanovo-Voznesensk, 48, 65
Izhorsk regiment, 200th, 223
Izvolskii, Alexander, 174, 198-99
Jan. See Makhalevich, S. F.
Japan, 1, 2, 39-40, 42-43, 51
Jewish Pale, 27, 59
Jews, 36, 37, 161, 162-63; attacks on, 36, 79, 80. See also Pogroms
Kadets (Constitutional Democratic Party), 67-68, 153, 174-75, 198-200; and Duma dissolution, 206, 208-209
Kaluga Province, 186, 193, 203-204
Kashira regiment, 144th, 88-89
Kazan: mutinies in, 95, 107
Kharkov, 55, 139, 155, 188; disorders in, 99, 107, 134, 137, 143, 303n.3
Kholshchevnikov, Gen., 89
Khvalynsk infantry regiment, 228th, 184-85
Kiev, 56, 96, 155, 201; Nov. 1905 mutiny, 9697. 99. 107, 111, 122
Kiev military district, 29-30, 171
Kishinev, 52-53, 108
Kliuchevskii, Vasilii, 45
Kobrinsk infantry regiment, 171st, 94
Korochansk infantry regiment, 272nd, 91
Kotelnich reserve infantry battalion, 231st, 103
Kozlov infantry regiment, 123rd, 186-88
Krasnoe Selo, 193-94
Krasnoiarsk, 119; mutiny in, 89, 159
Krasnoiarsk Siberian infantry regiment, 7th,
Krasnov, Petr, 21-22
Kronstadt, 36, 161, 179, 203; military organizations in, 159, 168-70, 204; 1905 riot, 8286, 91, 93, 97, 111, 122; 1906 insurrection, 214-16, 218-21, 222-23
Kryzhanovskii, D. V., 148
Kuban cossacks, 133, 136, 287n.59; mutinies in, 109-11, 187-88, 194. See also Plastoon battalions, Kuban Kuropatkin, Alexei, 29, 32-33, 34
Kursk, 186-88, 202
Kursk Province, 105, 113-15, 193
Kutais Province, 135, 137
Kuzmin-Karavaev, V. D., 198
Ladoga infantry regiment, 16th, 129
Land expropriation, 174-75, 177, 179-80, 193-94, 199, 206
Land redistribution, 26, 31, 104, 153, 165, 173-75
Land reform, 174-77, 180, 199, 206-207
Land seizure: by peasants, 45, 47, 75, 208, 209, 222
Landsmannschaft (Zemliachestvo), 18, 264n.65
Latvians, 115, 117, 156
Latvian Social Democrats (Latvian SDs), 49, 59, 151, 152, 210, 274-75n.1o; military organization, 167
Legislative assembly, 71, 72, 113
Lenin, 59, 64, 122, 145, 147, 210
Liakhov, Col., 136, 140
Libava, 56, 161, 212
Liberals, 38, 40-41, 44-45, 48-51, 74, 228; and the Duma, 65-66, 146, 151, 153, 19899; officers as, 58, 103
Lifland Province, 115-18
Linevich, Nikolai, 68, 87-88, 118
Literacy, 5, 7-9, 18, 36, 261n.6
Litovsk infantry regiment, 51st, 182
Lodz, 48, 57-58, 64, 65, 107
Looting, 69, 75; by soldiers and sailors, 57, 81, 84-85, 88, 110, 117
Loriisk reserve infantry regiment, 264th, 91
Lubensk dragoon regiment, 24th, 52-53
Lutsk infantry regiment, 165th, 138-39, 143
Maikop reserve infantry battalion, 249th, 55, 91
Makeev, Col., 132-33
Makhalevich, Stanislav F. (Jan), 159, 203, 214-15, 219
Manchuria, 39-40, 42-43, 86-88, 90, 184-85, 306n.42; field army trapped in, 77, 109; mutinies in, 111, 142, table 141
Manifesto: on Duma dissolution, 207-208; issued by deputies after dissolution, 208209. See also October Manifesto Mariampol, 164-65
Martial law, 50, 86, 121, 142, 153; in the Baltic, 115-16, 121; in Rostov-on-Don, 132
Martov, Iulii, 63, 147
Maximalists, 125, 152, 155, 167, 201-202
Meller-Zakomelskii, Aleksandr, 118-19, 282n.9
Menshevik military organizations, 155-58, 177, 201, 204-205
Mensheviks, 58, 59, 74, 156-57, 200; and the Duma, 65, 151, 199-200, 209-10, 211; and Oct. 1905 strikes, 67, 122; plans for 1906 general strike, 220-21, 224; and Potemkin mutiny, 61, 62-63; role in Kronstadt-Helsingfors mutiny, 216, 219; role in Moscow insurrection, 124, 125, 127-31; strength in 1905, 49, 274n.10; on theory of revolution, 49, 123
Merv reserve battalion, 7th, 91
Migratory (seasonal) labor, 13-15, 55
Military organizations, 63, 154-60, 164-70, 204-206; attempts to restrain mutinies, 123, 201-204, 213; and the Duma, 177-79; origins, 34-35, 59; relationship to parties, 156-60, 167-69; role in Kronstadt-Helsingfors mutiny, 214-20; role in Moscow insurrections, 124, 125-26, 128; role in mutinies, 96, 186, 187, 190. See also Bolshevik military organizations; Bund: military organizations; Menshevik military organizations; RSDRP military organizations; SR military organizations Military Revolutionary Organization, 34-35
Military Technical Bureau, 156, 157
Militia, 116, 133-34
Miliukov, Pavel, 121, 199
Miliutin, Dmitri, 5-6, 7-9, 18
Mingrelian Grenadiers regiment, 16th, 179
Ministers, Council of, 115, 121, 148, 149, 174
Minsk, 56, 80
Molodechno infantry regiment, 170th, 119
Moscow, 66-67, 74, 79, 119, 221; Duma dissolution effect on, 208, 210; military organizations in, 155-56, 166-68, 177; mutinies in, 107, 203-204
Moscow insurrection (Dec. 1905), 123-32, 138, 143, 146, 157-58, 161
Moscow military district, 27-28, 68, 124-31, 161
Moscow Soviet, 146; role in Moscow insurrection, 123, 125, 128-29, 130-31
Mozhaisk infantry regiment, 141st, 88-89
Mstislavskii, Sergei, 58
Mukden, 40
Mutiny: definition of, 75; military organizations as response to, 154, 159-60; in 1905, tables 76, 141; in 1906, table 173; and revolutionary theory, 225-30
Nakazy, 178-80, 190, 193, 195
Naval equipage: 8th, 92; 14th, 91
Navy, 36, 51, 112, 161, 271n.41. See also Sailors
NCOs (noncommissioned officers), 8, 18, 29, 54, 83; length of service, 164; place in soldiers, demands, 95, 102, 166, 189; role in mutinies, 99, 126-27
Neishlot infantry regiment, 87th, 182
Nesvizh Grenadier regiment, 124-25
Newspapers, 37, 80, 161, 162, 176-77, 180; of military organizations, 155, 166; of Trudoviks, 179; of Union of Liberation, 38
Nezhin infantry regiment, 137th, 182
Nicholas II, 29, 38-39, 40-41, 69, 89, 282n.9; and Bloody Sunday, 44, 50-51; and the Duma, 151, 199, 206-208; and general strike of 1905, 68, 69, 71-73; October Manifesto, 71-73; orders for punitive operations, 115, 117-18, 148, 149-50; and Russo-Japanese War, 51; soldiers’ attitude toward, 104-105
Nikolaevich, Nikolai, 72, 149, 194, 219
Nikonov, Adm., 83-84
Nizhnii Novgorod, 78, 202, 210; insurrection in, 133, 137; military organization in, 204-205, 213
Nobility, 3, 4, 8-10, 25, 38-41, 50
Noncommissioned officers. See NCOs Novocherkassk infantry regiment, 145th, 181, 182, 190
Novo-Ingermanland infantry regiment, 10th, 181-82
Novorossiisk, 110, 133
Novy Margelan, 142, 212
Oboian infantry regiment, 204th, 186-88
October Manifesto (Imperial Manifesto of Oct. 17, 1905), 71-73, 103, 113, 121; effect in the Caucasus, 134-35; effect on reserves, 86-87, 90; effect on workers and peasants, 74-75; viewed as authorization for mutinies, 82-83, 86, 90, 91, 97, 104-105
Odessa, 79, 107, 185-86, 221; and the Potemkin mutiny, 61-62, 63
Officers, 54, 97, 112, 143, 166, 177; and Kronstadt riot, 83, 85; as liberals, 58, 103; and 1905 mutinies, 93-94, 99-100, 124-25, 126; and 1906 mutinies, 171, 183, 187-88, 18990, 192, 194, 196, 212-14, 217-20; and October Manifesto, 86-88; relationship with soldiers, 1-23, 30, 55, 92, 161-65; as revolutionaries, 34, 58; in Russo-Japanese War, 43; and soldiers’ demands, 100-105; treatment of indiscipline, 75-76, 81-82, 91-92, 95, 183-86
Omsk Siberian infantry regiment, 10th, 89
Onipko, Fedot, 219, 222
Orenburg cossack regiments, 194-95
Orlov, A. A., 117
Orovaisk infantry regiment, 213th, 184
Ossetians, 111, 136-37, 140
Palitsyn, F. F., 68, 149
Pamiat’ Azova, 220
Panteleev, A. I., 114, 115, 149
Pares, Bernard, 208
Peasant rebellion (agrarian disorders), 5254, 57, 173, 205, 222-24, 226-27; anticipated for 1906, 147-48, 150-51, 159, 201; and the Duma, 175, 198-200, 207; in early 20th century, 28, 30-31; effect of mutinies on containment of, 191, 193, 196; in 1905, 44-45, 47-49, 50-51, 65-66, 74-75, 88, 107, 274n.4, tables 46, 76; in 1906, 145-46, 175, 198, 199, 206, table 173; in 19th century, 2426; punitive expeditions against, 113-18, 120, 121, 149-50
Peasantry, 2-7, 11-15, 18-22, 25, 28, 102, 225-30; conscription of, 2-7, 259n.5; as deputies in Duma, 174-76; and the Duma, 153, 174-76, 200, 207, 208-209; letters to soldiers, 177, 193; role in pogroms, 79; during Russo-Japanese war, 40; soldiers’ identification with, 78, 82, 103-105, 165; soldiers’ refusal to suppress, 182, 189-90, 195
Penza Province, 113, 193
Perm infantry regiment, 101st, 94-95
Pernov Grenadier regiment, 124-25
Peterhof, 193-94
Petersburg, 74, 79, 107-108, 179, 208, 212; military organizations in, 156, 159, 202, 204-205; and 1905 general strike, 67-68; 1905 mutinies in, 91, 92, 141-42, table 141; 1906 general strike in, 221, 223; 1906 mutinies in, 181. See also St. Petersburg
Petersburg Committee (SD), 151, 217, 219, 220-21
Petersburg massacre. See Bloody Sunday Petersburg military district, 13, 68, 116, 143, 162, 303 n.4
Petersburg Soviet, 85-86, 121-22, 127
Peter the Great, 3-4, 6, 24
Petitions, 44, 51, 202. See also Demands Petrozavodsk infantry regiment, 103rd, 9495
Petrov, Vladimir A., 101-102
Piatigorsk, 139-40
Plastoon (foot) battalions, Kuban, 109-10, 134-35, 136, 275-76n.18, 282n.7; 15th, 110; 16th, 133; 17th, 110; 18th, 136
Plekhanov, Georgii, 58, 64
Pleve, Viacheslav, 32, 39
Pogroms, 27, 56, 79, 80, 88, 132
Poland, 24, 45, 57, 59; martial law in, 86, 121; mutinies in, 141-42, table 141; strikes in, 48, 67, 86
Police, 31, 78, 80, 175-76; role in 1906 mutinies, 188, 189; troops used as, 52-53, 103, 148, 149, 195
Polish Social Democratic Party. See SDKPiL Polish Social Party. See PPS Poltava, 200, 213-14
Poltava Province, 31, 105-106, 113, 115
Pontoon battalions, 99, 107, 303 n.5
Port Arthur, 39-40
Potemkin mutiny, 55-56, 60-65
PPS (Polish Socialist Party), 49, 151, 152, 220
Preobrazhensk Guards infantry regiment, 177; 1st battalion, 193-94
Propaganda, 34-37, 161-67
Punitive expeditions, 113-20, 136-37, 153
Punitive operations: plans for, 148-49
Railroad battalions, 70, 107, 185-86, 303n.5; 2nd, 89, 118-19
Railroad troops, 55, 88, 259n.5, 282n.7
Railway (railroad) strike (1905), 65-68, 7071, 117, 132; effects, 91, 139, 142
Railway strike committees, 77, 87
Railway Union, 50, 66-67, 132,211, 310n.32; role in Moscow insurrection, 128-29
Raukh, G. O., 116, 219
Rediger, Aleksandr, 70-72, 81, 148-49, 19394, 196, 206; and demobilization, 89-90, 106; and economic reforms, 112, 164
Reforms (Dec. 1905), 112, 163-64, 165, 187, 189
Regimental economy, 11-17, 55, 101-102, 181, 185, 189
Rennenkampf, Pavel, 118-19
Reserve cavalry regiment, 7th, 96
Reserve infantry brigade, 50th, 81
Reserve infantry regiments: mutinies in, 7677, 172, 282n.7
Reserve railway battalion, 3rd, 88
Reserves, 7, 8, 54; demobilization, 87-90, 91, 92, 100, 102, 105-106; mobilization for Russo-Japanese War, 42-43; role in mutinies, 76-77, 86-89, 90, 93, 172, 212, 282n.7, 286n.50; use in punitive expeditions, 114, 118-19
Reserve sapper battalions: 3rd, 124; 5th, 124
Revel, 105, 215, 219-20
Revel garrison, 69-70
Revolutionaries, 30, 34-38, 145-48, 228-30; and the Duma, 199-200, 207, 209-11; and events of 1905, 48-50, 74, 79, 80, 83, 8586, 120-23; and events of 1906, 151-52, 186, 193, 221-24; role in Moscow insurrection, 123-31; view of soldiers and sailors, 60-61, 101, 104, 160-61, 200-201. See also Bund; Military organizations; RSDRP; Socialist Revolutionary Party Revolutionary army: use of term, 59, 64-65
Revolutionary circles, 36, 60-61, 126, 271 n.4
Riga, 45, 54, 107, 155, 178, 210
Riga garrison, 116-17
Rostov (Iaroslavskii), 185
Rostov Grenadier regiment, 124-27, 128, 131
Rostov-on-Don, 30, 32, 107, 155, 210; insurrection in, 132-33, 137
RSDRP (Russian Social Democratic Workers Party; SDs; Social Democrats), 28, 58-59, 65, 147, 151-52, 207; 4th Congress, 151, 157-58; and the military (1902-03), 34-36, 27m.41; response to Duma dissolution, 209-10, 310n.32; role in Moscow insurrection, 125, 126-28; role in mutinies, 60-63, 89, 188, 215-16, 219. See also Bolsheviks; Mensheviks
RSDRP (SD) Central Committee, 151, 15658, 209-10, 216, 219, 310n.32
RSDRP (SD) military organizations, 59, 96, 166, 178, 204-205; in 1906, 154-58, 160, 164-68, 213; role in mutinies, 96, 201-204, 213-20
Russian Social Democratic Workers Party. See RSDRP
Russo-Japanese War, 39-40, 42-43, 51, 56, 68, 148; effect on army finances, 164
Sailor circles, 36, 60-61, 271n.41
Sailors, 81, 184, 212; and military organizations, 166-70, 201, 202-203; role in 1905 mutinies, 56, 60-62, 77, 82-85, 91, 92, 97; role in 1906 mutinies, 214-20, 223; support for Duma, 176, 179; use in punitive expedition, 116-18. See also Navy St. Petersburg, 4, 29. See also Petersburg Samara: mutinies in, 95, 96, 104, 202
Samarkand, 56, 96
Samur infantry regiment, 83rd, 213-14
Sapper battalions: 1st, 183-84; 4th, 95, 286n.56; 11th, 185-86, 190; 12th, 185-86, 190; 18th, 184-85
Sapper brigade, 6th, 203-204
Sappers, 56, 97, 99, 116, 202; 1906 indiscipline, 182, 183-84, 185-86, 190; role in 1905 mutinies, 107, 124-25, 126, 282n.7, 293n.46; role in 1906 mutinies, 194, 203204, 212, 220
Saratov, 81, 107, 184
Saratov Province, 30, 57-58, 113, 196
SDKPiL (Polish Social Democratic Party), 49, 151, 152, 210, 275n.10
SDs. See RSDRP
Seasonal (migratory) labor, 13-15, 55
Semenov Guards infantry regiment, 119, 129, 131, 194
Semiplatinsk Siberian infantry regiment, 11th, 89
Serfs, 2, 6-7, 16, 24-25
Sevastopol, 36, 79, 161, 184, 221; military organization in, 155, 156, 166, 169, 201, 202, 205-206, 213; Nov. 1905 insurrection in, 91, 97, 111, 122, 176; and Potemkin mutiny, 60-62
Sevsk infantry regiment, 34th, 213
Shirvansk infantry regiment, 84th, 136
Siberia, 67, 88, 90, 114; mutinies in, 77, 10910, 142, table 141; punitive expeditions to, 118-20, 137, 149
Siberian cossack regiments, 109
Siberian Corps, IV, 87-89, 118, 119
Siberian division, 3rd, 179
Siberian infantry regiments, 172
Simferopol, 178, 182
Simferopol infantry regiment, 133rd, 182, 183-85
Skatuden peninsula, 216, 218
Smolensk, 55, 57
Social Democrats. See RSDRP Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs), 28-29, 39, 40, 58-59, 65; and the Duma, 175, 200, 210-11; 1st party congress, 147, 158; and the military (1901, 1903), 34-36, 271n.41; in 1905, 49, 67, 274n.io; in 1906, 151-52, 221; on peasant rebellion, 122, 147, 222, 223, 224; role in Moscow insurrection, 124, 125-28, 131; role in mutinies, 60-61, 63, 187-88, 214, 215, 219. See also Maximalists; SR Central Committee; SR military organizations Sofia regiment, 2nd, 89
Sollogub, V. U., 116-17
Soviets, 74, 167-68, 209-11
SR Central Committee, 159-60, 167, 204205, 207, 211; role in Kronstadt-Helsingfors mutiny, 215-16, 219
SR military organizations, 96, 154-55, 15860, 164-68, 204-206, 211; and the Duma, 177-78, 179; role in 1906 mutinies, 201203, 213-17
SRs. See Socialist Revolutionary Party State Council, 114, 148
Stavropol Province, 114, 222
Stolypin, Petr, 176, 199, 206-207
Strikes, 26-28, 30-31, 37, 54; in 1905, 44-45, 47-48, 66, 74, 86, 121-22, 132, tables 46, 76; in 1906, 145, 152, 190, 198-99, 206, table 173; role in Moscow insurrection, 123-24, 127-30. See also General strike Strukov, A. P, 113-14, 149
Students, 28-30, 37, 45, 271n.45; attacks on, 57, 68-69, 70, 79
Sukhum reserve battalion, 258th, 287n.59
Summer encampments, 12, 15, 183-86
Sumy dragoon regiment, 3rd, 125
Suvorin, Aleksei, 38-39
Sveaborg artillerists, 176
Sveaborg fortress, 92-93, 216-20, 221, 223
Sviatopolk-Mirskii, Petr D., 40-41
Sviazhsk reserve infantry battalion, 229th, 95
Tambov Province, 106, 114, 193, 195
Tashkent, 107, 111, 141
Technical units: mutinies in, 77, 172
Telegraph workers’ strike, 127, 139, 142
Terek cossack regiments, 109, 136
Term of service, 6-9, 112, 163-64, 165
Terrorism, 113, 115, 158
XIII Corps, 68, 77, 87-89, 282n.9, 306n.42; 141st Mozhaisk, 88-89, 303n.4
Tiflis, 57, 80-81, 135-36, 137; military organizations in, 96, 204; mutinies in, 91, 107
Tiflis Grenadier regiment, 15th, 91
Tobolsk Siberian infantry regiment, 9th, 190
Tolstoy, Leo, 22, 35, 270n.35
Transcaspian railway (railroad) battalions: 1st, 176, 179; 2nd, 96, 192
Transcaspian sapper battalions, 182
Transsiberian railway, 88, 148
Trepov, Dmitrii F., 53, 55, 69, 70-71, 72; and the Duma, 199, 207
Troitse-Sergiev reserve infantry regiment, 221st, 124
Trotsky, 121-22
Trudoviks, 175, 200, 205, 216, 220, 223; response to Duma dissolution, 208-209, 211, 310n.32; support for, 178-80, 185, 190, 193, 203
Tsar, 20-21, 55, 82, 104, 226-27. See also tsars by name
Tsion, S. A., 217-18
Turkestan military district, 141
Turkestan rifle regiment, 17th, 96
Turkestan sapper battalions, 182
Ufa, 31, 32, 78
Ukraine, 30-31, 115; mutinies in, 142, table 141
Ukrainian Social Democratic Party, 151
Ulan cavalry, 116, 117
Union of Liberation, 38, 40-41, 44, 49, 65
Union of Postal and Telegraph Employees, 121
Union of Unions, 50, 65, 67
Unions, 31, 49-50, 74, 103, 121, 152
Urals cossacks, 194-95
Urals infantry regiment, 112th, 165
Urban rebellion, 30, 52; influence on peasants, 45, 47, 122, 223; and Moscow insurrection, 123-31
Urupsk Kuban cossack regiment, 2nd, 110, 133, 287n.59
Valuev, 9
Vannovskii, Petr, 9
Vanovskii, Aleksandr A., 156
Viatka, 32, 103
Viatka infantry regiment, 102nd, 94-95
Villages, 2, 5, 15, 21, 26, 75, 114
Vilna, 107, 156
Vilna infantry regiment, 183-84
Vilna military district, 81, 106, 116, 171, 288n.8o
Vladikavkaz, 92, 176, 178
Vladimir Province, 27, 184
Vladivostok, 85, 86-87, 91, 97
Vol’nye raboty. See Civilian work
Von Sievers, Capt., 117
Voronezh disciplinary battalion, 95, 97, 103
Vorontsov-Dashkov, Illarion, 135, 137, 176
War, Ministry of, 12-13, 37, 55, 115, 160-64, 196; mobilization and demobilization, 8788, 89-90, 106, 109, 195-96; and mutinies, 77, 87-88; and pre-revolution use of army to maintain civil order, 27-28, 32; and punitive operations, 118, 149-50; and reforms, 8, 112; and Vorontsov-Dashkov, 135
Warsaw, 107-108
Warsaw infantry regiment, 184th, 183-84
Warsaw military district, 13, 56, 106, 161, 171, 288n.8o; 1906 indiscipline in, 183-84; troops for punitive expeditions, 116
Witte, Sergei, 70-72, 106, 113, 117, 118, 14850; and the Duma, 150-51
Workers, 30-31, 33-34, 36, 40, 65-66, 205; conflict with troops, 57, 132-34, 137-38, 164, 165; and the Duma, 199-200, 209-11; in 19th century, 26-27; role in 1905 revolution, 44-45, 47-50, 57, 121-22, table 46; role in 1906 insurrection defeat, 223-24; soldiers’ association with, 55, 184; soldiers’ refusal to suppress, 181-82, 185, 189-90, 212-13; and student disorders, 30. See also General strike; Strikes Workers’ movement, 47, 74; in 1906, 145-46, 152-53; and Moscow insurrection, 12324, 127-30
Yakutsk regiment, 42nd, 162
Zaslavl infantry regiment, 196th, 132
Zemliachestvo (Landsmannschaft), 18, 264n.65
Zemstvos, 39, 40, 50, 65
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