Notes

The following abbreviations are used in the notes:

CPP—Constantine P. Pobedonostsev

KA—Krasnyi arkhiv

MDLL—Manuscript Division, Lenin Library

RA—Russkii arkhiv

I. The Pobedonostsev Family

1. Peter I. Bartenev (editor), “Iz dnevnika K. P. Pobedonostseva,” RA, I (1907), 652; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, September 19, 1867; December 18, 1868.

2. Moscow University, Bibliograficheskii slovar’ professorov i prepodavatelei Imperatorskago Moskovskago universiteta, 1755–1855 (Moscow, 1855), II, 228-29; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Iz dnevnika 1812 i 1813 godov,” RA, XXXIII (1895), 213-18; Matvei K. Liubavskii, “Moskovskii universitet v 1812 godu,” Obshchestvo istorii i drevnostei rossiiskikh. Moscow. Chteniia, Book IV, Part I (1912), 76-78, 88-90.

3. Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “K chitateliam,” Novosti russkoi literatury, Number 12 (1805), 409; CPP (editor), “Pis’ma I. I. Lazhechnikova k S. P. i K. P. Pobedonostsevym,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXXII (1895), 881-86; Nicholas P. Barsukov, Zhizn’ i trudy M. P. Pogodina (St. Petersburg, 1888–1910), I, 46; II, 242, 288; III, 79, 354; XII, 199-200; Semen A. Vengerov, “Ivan Ivanovich Lazhechnikov. Kritiko-biograficheskii ocherk,” in Polnoe sobranie sochinenii I. I. Lazhechnikova (St. Petersburg, 1899–1900), I, x, xxvii, cxiii, cxxxi; MDLL, Sergei P. Pobedonostsev letter to Michael P. Pogodin, November 15, 1841.

4. Obshchestvo liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Moskovskom universitete, Istoricheskaia zapiska i materialy za sto let (Moscow, 1911), 7-11, 16-22, 40, 43, 56, 76-80; Nil P. Koliupanov, Biografiia Aleksandra Ivanovicha Kosheleva (Moscow, 1889–92), I, Book I, 156-58; Book II, 334-72; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Liubov’ k otechestvu,” Trudy Obshchestva liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom universitete, XV (1819), 5-26; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Vospominaniia o Petre Alekseeviche Plavil’shchikove,” Trudy Obshchestva liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom universitete, XI (1818), 87-135; Pobedonostsev, “Zaslugi Kheraskova v otechestvennoi slovesnosti,” Trudy Obshchestva liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom universitete, I (1812), 111-47.

5. Peter V. Pobedonostsev (translator and editor), Plody melankholii (Moscow, 1796), two vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Ippokrena, ili utekhi liubosloviia (Moscow, 1799–1801), eleven vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (translator), Novaia nauka naslazhdat’sia zhizn’iu (Moscow, 1799); Peter V. Pobedonostsev (translator), Istinnoe i lozhnoe schastie. Sochinenie slavnago Gellerta (Moscow, 1799); Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Sokrovishche poleznykh uveselenii, ili lekarstvo vrachuiushchee liudei, predannykh pechali i skuke (Moscow, 1800); Peter V. Pobedonostsev (translator), Starinnyi drug, vozvrativshiisia iz puteshestviia i razskazyvaiushchii vse, chto videl, slyshal i chuvstvoval, s nemetskago (Moscow, 1802), two vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Izbrannyia nravoutchitel’nyia povesti, udobnyia vlivat’ v serdtse chuvstvo nravstvennoi krasoty. Perevod iz luchshikh inostrannykh pisatelei (Moscow, 1815), four vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (translator and editor), Anekdoty i dostopamiatnye izrecheniia velikikh osob (Moscow, 1816); Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Tsvetnik izbrannykh stikhotvorenii v pol’zu i udovol’stvie iunosheskago vozrasta (Moscow, 1816), two vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Novosti russkoi literatury (Moscow, 1802–1805), fourteen volumes; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Minerva. Zhurnal rossiiskoi i inostrannoi slovesnosti (Moscow, 1806–1807), five vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Novyi Panteon otechestvennoi i inostrannoi slovesnosti (Moscow, 1819), four vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Drug iunosti (Moscow, 1821), four vols.; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Napravlenie uma i serdtsa k istine i dobrodeteli (Moscow, 1830–31), three vols.; Koliupanov, Biografiia Kosheleva, I, 158.

6. Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Novosti russkoi literatury, Number 12 (1805), 409-410; Alexander N. Neustroev, Istoricheskoe rozyskanie o russkikh povremennykh izdaniiakh i sbornikakh za 1703–1802 gg. (St. Petersburg, 1874), 850-55; Koliupanov, Biografiia Kosheleva, I, 73-79.

7. Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Liubov’ k otechestvu,” 14-25; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Iz dnevnika 1812 i 1813 godov,” 218; Koliupanov, Biografiia Kosheleva, I, 68-73.

8. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Putevyia zapiski russkago po Evrope v 1847-m godu,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, LXVII (1848), 12, 15, 20.

9. Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Liubov’ k otechestvu,” 25; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Zaslugi Kheraskova,” 112-14; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Slovo o sushchestvennykh obiazannostiakh vitii i o sposobakh k priobreteniiu uspekhov v krasnorechii (Moscow, 1831), 26; Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Novosti russkoi literatury, Number 9 (1804), 212-14.

10. Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Vospominaniia,” 129-32; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Zaslugi Kheraskova,” 111-14, 118, 140-46; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, Slovo o sushchestvennykh obiazannostiakh vitii, 7-9.

11. Constantine S. Aksakov, Vospominanie studentstva, 1832–1835 godov (St. Petersburg, 1911), 12; André Mazon, Un Maître du roman russe. Ivan Gontcharov, 1812–1891 (Paris, 1914), 21-22; Alexander N. Pypin, Belinskii, ego zhizn’ i perepiska (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1908), 53-56; Peter A. Zaionchkovskii and A. N. Sokolov (editors), Moskovskii universitet v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Moscow, 1956), 77, 103-104.

12. Anatole F. Koni, Na zhiznennom puti (Moscow-Riga, 1912–29), III, 170; Raoul Labry, Alexandre Ivanovič Herzen, 1812–1870 (Paris, 1928), 94; Barsukov, Pogodin, I, 46.

13. “Iz razorenoi Moskvy. Pis’ma I. M. Snegireva k P. V. Pobedonostsevu,” RA, I (1897), 111-12.

14. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (fourth edition, Moscow, 1896), I, 730-45; II, 445, 656; CPP (translator), Frederick Le Play, Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda (Moscow, 1897), preface, 1-6, 82-87; CPP (translator), Heinrich W. Thiersch, Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni (Moscow, 1861) and (second edition, Moscow, 1901); CPP, “Le Plè,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXIII (1893), 5-30; CPP, “Semeinye uchastki,” Russkii vestnik, CCIV (1889), 56-72; CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), II, 147-48.

15. Russkii biograficheskii slovar’ (St. Petersburg, 1896–1918), XIV, 141; Nicholas N. Golitsyn (editor), Bibliograficheskii slovar’ russkikh pisatel’nits (St. Petersburg, 1888–89), 198-99; Sbornik Imperatorskago russkago istoricheskago obshchestva, LXII (1888), 162; Olga P. Pobedonostsev, “Ivan Ivanovich Lazhechnikov. Pis’mo ego k professoru P. V. Pobedonostsevu, 1823 g.,” Russkaia starina, LXII (1891), 230-31; Maria P. Pobedonostsev (translator), “Sel’skii prikhod. Roman Rodol’fa Tepfera,” Moskvitianin [supplement], Numbers 5-8, 10-15 (March-August, 1852), 1-437; Barsukov, Pogodin, XII, 199-200; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, December 24, 1863; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 15, September 10, 1878; October 17, November 24, 1881.

16. CPP, Prazdniki Gospodni (seventh edition, Moscow, 1905), 16-17, 48-51; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Aksakov, September 19, 1867; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev letters to Michael Pogodin, November 15, 1841-March 8, 1849.

17. Obshchestvo liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Moskovskom universitete, Slovar’ chlenov (Moscow, 1911), 223-24; Obshchestvo liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti, Istoricheskaia zapiska i materialy, appendix, 59, 83; Barsukov, Pogodin, XII, 199-200; MDLL, CPP letter to Mrs. Elizabeth Alexandrovna Zhukovskii March 24, 1856. A letter to Catherine Tiutchev on June 15, 1878, refers to a brother in Riazan, but it has been impossible to identify him further.

18. CPP, “Odin iz psevdonimov v russkoi zhurnalistike,” Bibliograficheskie zapiski, Number 8 (1892), 574; CPP, “Pis’ma Lazhechnikova k S. P. i K. P. Pobedonostsevym,” 881-87; Paul N. Sakulin, Iz istorii russkago idealizma: Kniaz’ V. F. Odoevskii (Moscow, 1913), II, 331.

19. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Pozhar Moskvy,” Moskvitianin, Part IV, Number 8 (1843), 13-21; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Torzhestvo pereneseniia ikony Smolenskoi Bogoroditsy iz Semiezernoi Pustyni v Kazan’,” Moskvitianin, Part IV, Number 9 (1842), 241-46; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Ukazatel’ goroda Kazani,” Moskvitianin, Part IV, Number 8 (1842), 383-95; Barsukov, Pogodin, VII, 258-60; VIII, 166; X, 364; Russkii biograficheskii slovar’, XIV, 143.

20. Alexander G. Dement’ev, Ocherki po istorii russkoi zhurnalistiki, 1840–1850 gg. (Moscow, 1951), 61, 78-79, 82-85; Leningrad University, Ocherki po istorii russkoi zhurnalistiki i kritiki (Leningrad, 1950), I, 467-69, 472-74, 531-33; Peter V. Smirnovski, Istoriia russkoi literatury deviatnadtsatago veka (St. Petersburg, 1899–1904), II, 394-98; A. M. Brianskii, “Repertuar i Panteon, 1839–1856,” Russkii bibliofil, Number 2 (1916), 55-58.

21. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Starinnyia poveria polskiia i russkiia,” Moskvitianin, Part I, Number 2 (1842), 49-59; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Zapiski Paseka,” Moskvitianin, Part I, Number 2 (1842), 618-27; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev (translator), “Kolishchizna i stepi. Razskaz Eduarda Tarshy,” Moskvitianin, Part II, Number 4 (1842), 357-94; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Kazimir Vladislav Voinitskii,” Russkii vestnik, Number 5 and 6 (1842), 112-36; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Pol’skii teatr. Istoricheskii vzgliad na teatr v Pol’she so vremeni ego osnovaniia,” Repertuar russkago i Panteon inostrannykh teatrov, IV (1843), 63-80; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev (translator), “Luchshe-by la byla sirotoi! Drama v trekh deistviiakh grafa Fridrikha Skarbeka,” Repertuar russkago i Panteon inostrannykh teatrov, VII (1844), 4-42.

22. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Nikolai Kopernik. Golos za pravdu,” Moskvitianin, Number 9 (1843), 108-125; Alexander Herzen, “Moskvitianin o Kopernike,” in Herzen, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii i pisem (Petrograd-Leningrad, 1919–25), III, 269-73; Herzen, “Moskvitianin o Kopernike,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, XXXI (1843), 56-58; Barsukov, Pogodin, VII, 79-80.

23. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Mam’zel Babett i eia al’bom,” Biblioteka dlia chteniia, LIV, Part I (1842), 161-92; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Milochka. Povest’,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, XL (1845), 283-368; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Niania,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, XLIII (1845), 1-73; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Pokhodnaia baryshnia. Povest’,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, XLIX, Part I (1846), 1-78. Milochka was published in book form in 1867. These four novels, except for Niania, and two other novels by Sergei were published in one volume in 1856 in St. Petersburg.

24. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev (translator), “Parizhskie teatralnye nravy. Mat’ aktrisy,” Repertuar russkago i Panteon inostrannykh teatrov, XVI, Part II (1842), 9-21; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev (translator), “Zakulisnye nravy. Opernaia krysa. Stat’ia Teofilia Got’e,” Repertuar russkago i Panteon inostrannykh teatrov, I, Part III (1843), 176-88; Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Putevyia zapiski russkago,” 1-56.

25. MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 6, 1880.

26. Benedict H. Sumner, Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia (New York, 1951), 41.

II. The Young Scholar

1. Peter V. Pobedonostsev (editor), Slovo o sushchestvennykh obiazannostiakh vitii i o sposobakh k priobretenii uspekhov v krasnorechii (Moscow, 1831), 27-31.

2. Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Liubov’ k otechestvu,” Trudy Obshchestva liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom universitete, XV (1819), 5-18; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, Slovo o sushchestvennykh obiazannostiakh vitii, 27-33; CPP (editor), “Pis’ma I. I. Lazhechnikova k S. P. i K. P. Pobedonostsevym,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXXII (1895), 881-86; Alexander N. Pypin, Belinskii, ego zhizn’ i perepiska (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1908), 137-38; Claude G. Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era (Cambridge, Mass., 1932), 147-48; Hermann Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen (Berlin, 1906–1908), III, 98-99; Louise Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton (London, 1904), II, 150-55; Evgenii M. Feoktistov, Vospominaniia. Za kulisami politiki i literatury, 1848–1896 (Leningrad, 1929), 129-221; S. Mel’gunov (editor), “K. P. Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii. Neizdannyia pis’ma k S. D. Voitu,” Na chuzhoi storone, VIII (1924), 178; Alexander A. Polovtsev, “Dnevnik,” KA, III (1923), 94.

3. CPP, Dlia nemnogikh. Otryvki iz shkol’nago dnevnika, 1842–1845 g. (St. Petersburg, 1885), supplement, 1-5; Peter I. Bartenev (editor), “Iz dnevnika K. P. Pobedonostseva,” RA, I (1907), 636-52; Obshchii obzor deiatel’nosti Ministerstva iustitsii i pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata za tsarstvovanie Imperatora Aleksandra III (St. Petersburg, 1901), 143; Istoriia pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata za dvesti let, 1711–1911 (St. Petersburg, 1911), III, 40.

4. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925-26), I, 339; CPP, Dlia nemnogikh, passim; Baron Alexander E. Nolde, “Obzor nauchnoi iuridicheskoi deiatel’nosti K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, VIII (1907), 95-97; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, December 30, 1871; December 18, 1875.

5. Samuel Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials Under the Last Three Tsars (New York, 1953), 44; Sergei A. Nikitin, Istochnikovedenie istorii SSSR XIX v. (do nachala 90-kh godov) (Moscow, 1940), II, 7-8; Istoriia pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata, III, 308; V, 69-70.

6. CPP, “Vospominaniia ο V. P. Zubkove,” RA, I (1904), 301-303; Nolde, “Obzor,” 84-86; Sudebnaia gazeta, June 9, 1896, 10; S. L. Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva v 80-kh gg. XIX-go veka,” Moscow University Thesis for Candidate Degree in History, 1939, 49-50; MDLL, CPP letters to Mrs. Elizabeth Alexandrovna Zhukovskii, March and April, 1856.

7. CPP, “Vospominaniia o Zubkove,” 301-304; Senator Iakov G. Esipovich, “Zapiski senatora Esipovicha,” Russkaia starina, CXXXIX (1909), 36-37.

8. CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 823; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 22-24 (1935), 542; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, November 30, 1868.

9. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 292; CPP, “Vospominaniia o Zubkove,” 302-303; Boris N. Chicherin, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1929–34), IV, 102-103; Nolde, “Obzor,” 102; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, December 24, 1862; February 12, February 16, 1864; CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, July 8, 1876.

10. CPP (translator), “Starye listia,” Russkaia beseda, II, Part I (1859), 7-8; CPP (translator), Heinrich W. Thiersch, Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni (Moscow, 1861); CPP, “Novyia puteshestvyia po vostoku,” Russkii vestnik, XLIII (1863), 489-548; CPP, “Zametka o Beniovskom iz angliiskoi knigi ob ostrove Madagaskare,” RA, III (1865), 859-62; CPP, “Materialy dlia istorii Akademii nauk,” Letopis’ russkoi literatury i drevnostei, V, Part III (1863), 3-36; CPP, “Knizhnyia zagranichnyia vesti o Rossii,” RA, IV (1866), 260-62; CPP and Ivan K. Babst, Pis’ma o puteshestvii gosudaria naslednika tsesarevicha po Rossii ot Peterburga do Kryma (Moscow, 1864).

11. CPP, “Zametki dlia istorii krepostnago prava v Rossii,” Russkii vestnik, XV (1858), 209-248, 459-98; XVI (1858), 537-82; CPP, “Utverzhdenie krepostnago prava v Rossii v XVIII stoletii,” Russkii vestnik, XXXV (1861), 223-53; CPP, “Graf V. N. Panin,” Golosa iz Rossii, VII (1859), 1-142; M. Klevenskii, “Gertsen-izdatel’ i ego sotrudniki,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Numbers 41-42 (1941), 605.

12. CPP, “O reformakh v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve,” Russkii vestnik, XXI (1859), 541-80; XXII (1859), 5-34, 153-90; CPP, “Anekdoty iz XVIII stoletiia. 1. Moskovskaia volokita. 2. Ochistitel’naia pytka,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, IV, Book IV (1859), supplement, 1-22; CPP, “Anekdoty iz XVIII stoletiia. Ubiistvo Zhukovikh,” Russkii vestnik, XXX (1860), 462-501; CPP, “Prichiny nepravosudiia i provolochki v prisutstvennikh mestakh,” Zhurnal Ministerstva iustitsii, XXVII (1866), 33-44.

13. Boris B. Glinskii, “Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. Materialy dlia biografii,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CVIII (1907), 255-57; Boris V. Nikol’skii, “Literaturnaia deiatel’nost’ K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Istoricheskii vestnik, LXV (1896), 724-25; Nolde, “Obzor,” 95-98, 106-114; Gabriel F. Shershenevich, Uchebnik russkago grazhdanskago prava (sixth edition, St. Petersburg, 1907), 18. Several editions of each volume of the “Course on Civil Law” were published. The final complete edition appeared in 1896, on the fiftieth anniversary of Pobedonostsev’s entry into government service. The principal articles in the field of Russian civil law which Pobedonostsev published in the decade after 1858 include: “Opyt iuridicheskago kommentariia na nekotoryia stat’i zakonov o zaveshchaniiakh,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, II, Book II (1859), 52-71; “Nekotorye voprosy, voznikaiushchie po dukhovnym zaveshchaniiam,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, I, Book I (1859), supplement, 1-27; II, Book II (1859), supplement, 1-22; “Priobretenie sobstvennosti i pozemel’nyia knigi,” Russkii vestnik, XXVIII (1860), 5-39, 193-230; “Veshchnyi kredit i zakladnoe pravo,” Russkii vestnik, XXXIII (1861), 409-451; “Imenie rodovoe i blagopriobretennoe,” Zhurnal Ministerstva iustitsii, VIII, Part II (1861), 3-75; “Odnodvorcheskiia zemli i nachalo spetsialnago mezhevaniia v Rossii,” Zhurnal Ministerstva iustitsii, XV, Part II (1863), 85-104; “Iuridicheskiia zametki i voprosy po nasledstvennomu i zaveshchatel’nomu pravam,” Zhurnal Ministerstva iustitsii, XXII, Part II (1864), 169-210; XXVII, Part II (1866), 25-44.

14. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 330; CPP, “Pamiati Fedora Mikhailovicha Dmitrieva,” RA, I (1894), 634-37; Anatole F. Koni, Na zhiznennom puti (Moscow-Riga, 1912-29), III, 173-94; Fedor I. Buslaev, Moi vospominaniia (Moscow, 1897), 330; Nolde, “Obzor,” 84-88; Chicherin, Vospominaniia, III, foreword; IV, 102-103; MDLL, CPP letters to Boris N. Chicherin, September 18, October 10, 1864.

15. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 330; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, passim; Alexei P. Bogoliubov, Vospominaniia o pochivshem Imperatore Aleksandre III (St. Petersburg, 1895), 5-12; A. Voronov, “Vospominaniia byvshago studenta Kharkovskago universiteta 60-kh godov,” Russkaia starina, CLIV (1913), 590-91; Nicholas P. Barsukov, Zhizn’ i trudy M. P. Pogodina (St. Petersburg, 1888–1910), XXI, 69; XXII, 1-3; “Iz biografii tsesarevicha Nikolaia Aleksandrovicha. Dva pis’ma B. N. Chicherina k K. P. Pobedonostsevu,” Russkaia starina, II (1910), 311-12; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864 g. za piat’desiat let (Petrograd, 1914), I, 73; I. V. Preobrazhenskii, Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev, ego lichnost’ i deiatel’nosti (St. Petersburg, 1912), 20-21; Nolde, “Obzor,” 86.

16. CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’. Vospominaniia o pochivshikh (Moscow, 1896), 3-6; Anatole F. Koni, “Velikaia kniaginia Elena Pavlovna,” in Velikaia reforma, V (1911), 14-33; Prince Vladimir P. Meshcherskii, Moi vospominaniia (St. Petersburg, 1897–1912), I, 149-50, 207-209, 266-67; II, 14; III, 55-56, 333-34; Count Sergei IU. Witte, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1923), II, 468-70; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, August 19, 1864.

17. MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, September 26, 1864; February 2, 1865; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, April 24, May 1, August 21, 1865; CPP letter to Alexei D. Zheltukhin, June 5, 1862; Anna Tiutchev letter to CPP, February 26, 1865.

18. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, Moscow, 1873), I, 280; (third edition, Moscow, 1883), I, 301; (fourth edition, Moscow, 1896), I, 311-14, 730-35; (second edition, Moscow, 1875), II, 120-215; (fourth edition, Moscow, 1896), II, 140-42, 248-52.

19. CPP, Grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo. Lektsii (Moscow, 1863); CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, Moscow, 1883), I, 720; Matvei K. Liubavskii, “Vasilii Osipovich Kliuchevskii,” in V. O. Kliuchevskii. Kharakteristiki i vospominaniia (Moscow, 1912), 7; Nolde, “Obzor,” 84-88, 91-92, 104-105; Andrei F. Povorinskii (editor), Sistematicheskii ukazatel’ russkoi literatury po sudoustroistvu i sudoproizvodstvu grazhdanskomu i ugolovnomu (St. Petersburg, 1896–1905), I, 80-81; Koni, Na zhiznennom puti, III, 191-92.

20. CPP, Sudebnoe rukovodstvo. Sbornik pravil, polozhenii i primerov (St. Petersburg, 1872); CPP, Istoriko-iuridicheskie akty perekhodnoi epokhi XVIIXVIII vekov (Moscow, 1887), introduction, i-vi; CPP (editor), Materialy dlia istorii prikaznago sudoproizvodstva v Rossii (Moscow, 1890), introduction; CPP, Vypiski iz Polnago Sobraniia Zakonov (St. Petersburg, 1895); Nolde, “Obzor,” 94-95, 102-103.

21. CPP, “Anekdot o Didro,” RA, III (1893), 128; CPP, “K istorii snoshenii s inovertsami,” RA, II (1894), 5-27; CPP, “O vnutrennem sostoianii Rossii pri votsarenii Imperatora Nikolaia Pavlovicha,” RA, I (1895), 161-76; CPP (editor), “Iz pisem Ego Imperatorskago Vysochestva Velikago Kniaz’ia Konstantina Nikolaevicha k Stats-sekretariu A. V. Golovninu,” RA, I (1895), 439-45; CPP, “Odin iz psevdonimov v russkoi zhurnalistike,” Iiibliograpcheskie zapiski, Number 8 (1892), 574; William J. Birkbeck, Russia and the English Church in the Last Fifty Years (London, 1895), 182.

22. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 111, 125, 188-89, 207-208; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 64-65; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k S. D. Voitu,” RA, I (1917), 77; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” 530-31; Vasilii O. Kliuchevsky, Kurs russkoi istorii (first edition, Moscow, 1904–1910); Mel’gunov, “Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii,” 183-84, 196; Moscow. Sinodal’naya tipografiya, Katalog knig, prodaiushchikhsia v sinodal’nykh knizhnykh lavkakh v S. Peterburge i Moskve (Moscow, 1896).

23. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 29; CPP, Novum Regnum, 979; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” 557; CPP (editor), Perepiska Iu. F. Samarina s baronessoiu E. F. Raden, 1861–1876 g. (Moscow, 1893).

24. Ivan I. Ianzhul, “Vospominaniia,” Russkaia starina, CXLIV (1910), 10-11; Nicholas I. Ilminskii, Pis’ma Nikolaia Ivanovicha Ilminskago k ober-prokuroru Sviateishchago sinoda Konstantinu Petrovichu Pobedonostsevu (Kazan, 1895), iii-iv; Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Perepiska K. P. Pobedonostseva s preosviashchennym Nikanorom episkopom Ufimskim,” RA, I (1915), 458; Petrovskii (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva preosviashchennomu Illarionu, arkhiepiskopu Poltavskomu,” RA, LIV (1916), 129-71, 360-80; Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiia. Perepiska prof. N. I. Subbotina (Moscow, 1915), CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 74-94.

25. Bartenev, “Iz dnevnika,” 635.

26. CPP, Prazdniki Gospodni (St. Petersburg, 1894); CPP (translator), Thiersch, Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni (second edition, Moscow, 1901); CPP (translator), Fomy Kempiiskago o podrazhanii Khristu (sixth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896).

27. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 275-77; Alexander A. Kizevetter, “Pobedonostsev,” Na chuzhoi storone, IV (1924), 257-58; Iurii V. Gotie, “K. P. Pobedonostsev i naslednik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1865–81,” Publichnaia biblioteka SSSR imeni V. I. Lenina. Sbornik, II (1929), 108-109.

28. Chicherin, Vospominaniia, IV, 102-103; MDLL, CPP letters to Boris N. Chicherin, September 18, October 10, 1864; February 8, February 24, March 16, 1873; December 20, 1877; November 3, 1879.

29. CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 57-58; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 713-17; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 441; CPP, “Russkoe grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo v istoricheskom ego razvitii ot Ulozheniia 1649 goda do izdaniia Svoda Zakonov,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii ctnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, I, Part I (1859), 5-8.

30. Il’ia G. Orshanskii, “Kurs grazhdanskago prava,” Zhurnal grazhdanskago i ugolovnago prava, Book II (1876), 260-62, 271-82; Wlodzimierz D. Spasovich, “Kurs grazhdanskago prava K. Pobedonostseva. Chast’ vtoraia,” Zhurnal grazhdanskago i torgovago prava, Book I (1871), 134-57; A. Borzenko, “Pacta sunt servanda,” Russkoe obozrenie, VI (1890), 455-64; Iuridicheskii vestnik, XXXIX (1890), 701-703.

31. CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia i stat’i (St. Petersburg, 1876), 1-2; CPP, “Russkoe grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo,” 1-4; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1873), I, preface, 717-19; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 441.

32. Nikol’skii, “Literaturnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” 724-25; Wlodzimierz D. Spasovich, Za mnogo let, 1859–1871 (St. Petersburg, 1872), 161; Alexander S. Lappo-Danilevsky, “The Development of Science and Learning in Russia,” in James D. Duff (editor), Russian Realities and Problems (Cambridge, England, 1917), 198-99; Nolde, “Obzor,” 109-111.

33. CPP, “Russkoe grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo,” 1-62. See also, CPP, “Obozrenie chastnikh trudov po sobraniiu zakonov i po sostavleniiu ukaznikh slovarei do izdaniia Polnago Sobraniia Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, V (1863), 51-84, especially 68-73; CPP, “Akty, otnosiashchikhsia do iuridicheskago byta drevnei Rossii,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, IV (1859), Book IV, 25-60; CPP, “Mestnoe naselenie Rossii,” Russkii vestnik, XL (1862), 5-34.

34. CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia, 124-25, 175-80.

III. The Liberal Reformer

1. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), II, 330-31; CPP, Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapisky. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), I, 68-69, 455-86; MDLL, CPP letter to French Academy of Sciences, 1892.

2. CPP, Dlia nemnogikh. Otryvki iz shkol’nago dnevnika, 1842–1845 (St. Petersburg, 1885), 10, 12, 17, 23, 32, 68-76, 105-119; Peter I. Bartenev (editor), “Iz dnevnika K. P. Pobedonostseva,” RA, I (1907), 636-52.

3. CPP, “Vospominaniia o V. P. Zubkove,” RA, I (1904), 301-305; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, November 30, 1868.

4. CPP, “Zametki dlia istorii krepostnago prava v Rossii,” Russkii vestnik, XV (1858), 209-248, 459-98; XVI (1858), 537-82; CPP, “O reformakh v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve,” Russkii vestnik, XXI (1859), 541-80; XXII (1859), 5-34, 153-90; CPP, “Anekdoty iz XVIII stoletiia. Ubiistvo Zhukovikh,” Russkii vestnik, XXX (1860), 462-501; CPP, “Utverzhdenie krepostnago prava v Rossii v XVIII stoletii,” Russkii vestnik, XXXV (1861), 223-53; Nicholas A. Liubimov, Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov i ego istoricheskaia zasluga (St. Petersburg, 1889), 67-68; MDLL, CPP letter to Michael N. Katkov, March 31, 1862. The four articles noted here were all reprinted by Pobedonostsev in 1876 and constituted the bulk of a volume, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia i slal’i, which he published in honor of his being made a member of the Moscow Society of Russian History and Antiquities. This would indicate that Pobedonostsev considered them among the most important articles he had written at that time.

5. Sergei S. Tatishchev (S. Nevedenskii, pseud.), Katkov i ego vremia (St. Petersburg, 1888), 1-97; Grégoire Livov, Michel Katkoff et son époque (Paris, 1897), 11-24; Liubimov, Katkov, 128.

6. Grigorii A. Dzhanshiev, Epokha velikikh reform (eighth edition, Moscow, 1900), 118; Tatishchev, Katkov, 159, 412-23, 464-68; Livov, Katkoff, 61-68, 190-95.

7. Viscount Eugène de Vogüé, Les Routes (Paris, 1910), 136; Louise Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton (London, 1904), II, 153; Marc Raeff, “A Reactionary Liberal: M. N. Katkov,” Russian Review, XI (1952), 160-67; Liubimov, Katkov, 24, 31-41, 70-71; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 18, 1868; June 25, 1869; August 14, 1873.

8. CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’. Vospominaniia o pochivshikh (Moscow, 1896), 56-60; Russkii biograficheskii slovar’ (St. Petersburg, 1896–1918), VIII, Part 2, 394-99.

9. CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 59-60; Alexandre Eck, “Introduction bibliographique à l’histoire du droit russe,” Archives d’histoire du droit oriental, II (1938), 406-412; T. Shishkin, “Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, CXXIV (1859), 47-64; I. E. Andreevskii, “O Kalachove, kak iurist, arkheolog i uchreditel’ arkheologicheskago instituta,” Vestnik arkheologii i istorii, V (1886), 3-10; Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, I (1858), iii-viii.

10. Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, I (1858), iii-iv; I. G. Danilov, “O trudakh Kalachova po krestianskomu delu,” Vestnik arkheologii i istorii, V (1886), 15-24; I. L. Maiakovskii, “N. V. Kalachov,” Moskovskii istoriko-arkhivnyi institut. Trudy, IV (1948), 163-64; Nicholas V. Kalachov, “O zhilishchakh dlia rabochikh,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, I (1859), supplement, 90-91; “Opisanie doma dlia rabochikh liudei v S. Skopine,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, IV (1859), 59-60.

11. CPP (translator), Heinrich W. Thiersch, Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni (Moscow, 1861), preface, 3-6; Heinrich W. Thiersch, On the Christian Commonwealth (Edinburgh, 1877), 15-43, 149-86.

12. CPP, “Russkoe grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo v istoricheskom ego razvitii ot Ulozheniia 1649 goda do izdaniia Svoda Zakonov,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskikh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, I, Part I (1859), 1-3; CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia i stat’i (St. Petersburg, 1876), 1-2, 14-17, 118-19; CPP, “Utverzhdenie krepostnago prava,” 223-53.

13. Z. P. Bazileva, “Kolokol’’ Gertsena, 1857–1867 gg. (Moscow, 1949), 71, 86, 122-26, 134-49; M. Klevenskii, ‘‘Gertsen-izdatel’ i ego sotrudniki,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Numbers 41-42 (1941), 581-82, 605-608, 614-15; Alexander A. Polovtsev, “Dnevnik,” KA, III (1923), 79; Baron Alexander E. Nolde, K. P. Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma (Petrograd, 1915), 11-12; Paul N. Miliukov, Charles Seignebos, and Louis Eisenman, Histoire de Russie (Paris, 1932-33), III, 842; Alexander G. Dement’ev, Ocherki po istorii russkoi zhurnalistiki, 1840–1850 gg. (Moscow, 1951), 423, 432, 489.

14. CPP, “Graf V. N. Panin,” Golosa iz Rossii, VII (1859), 1-142, especially 3-12, 15-25, 34-36, 45-53, 62-63, 76-82, 96-124. Dzhanshiev, in Epokha velikikh reform (eighth edition, 372), described Panin in this way: “A slave at heart, he was at the same time a despot who put the fancies of his extravagant arbitrariness and dream phantasy higher than law and justice. He was a vehement defender of serfdom, the whip, the branding iron, censorship—in one word, an inveterate conservative, a typical representative of the stupid stagnation which lasted thirty years. . . .” Panin was replaced by Dmitrii N. Zamiatin on October 21, 1862.

15. Count Ivan S. Kapnist, Code d’organisation judiciare de l’Empire de Russie de 1864 (Paris, 1893), xv, lxxix-lxxxiv; Samuel Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials under the Last Three Tsars (New York, 1953), 3-9, 14; Miliukov, Seignebos, and Eisenman, Histoire, III, 870-72; Darrell P. Hammer, “Russia and the Roman Law,” American Slavic and East European Review, XVI (1957), 7-10.

16. CPP, “O reformakh,” 541-52, 560-78.

17. Ibid., 162-63; Manuscript Division, Saltykov-Shchedrin Library, CPP memorandum, “Zapiska o grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve,” December, 1861, passim.

18. CPP, “O reformakh,” 9-20, 153-90, 541-60; CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia, 233-325.

19. Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 13.

20. CPP, Grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo. Lektsii (Moscow, 1863), passim, especially 1-15, 117-34; Baron Alexander E. Nolde, “Obzor nauchnoi iuridicheskoi deiatel’nosti K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, VIII (1907), 91-93; Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 10-11; Anatole F. Koni, Na zhiznennom puti (Moscow-Riga, 1912-29), III, 191-92.

21. CPP and Ivan K. Babst, Pis’ma o puteshestvii gosudaria naslednika tsesarevicha po Rossii ot Peterburga do Kryma (Moscow, 1864), 12-20; Nicholas V. Shel’gunov, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1923), 225; Longin F. Panteleev, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1958), 260-61; “Tolstoi v 1880-e gody. Zapiski I. M. Ivakina,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 69, Part 2 (1961), 59, 110; Moskovskiia Vedomosti, April 19, 1861; MDLL, CPP letter to Prince Vladimir F. Odoevskii, January 12, 1865.

22. Miliukov, Seignebos, and Eisenman, Histoire, III, 871-72; Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials, 16; Dzhanshiev, Epokha velikikh reform, eighth edition, 365-72.

23. Sudebnoe preobrazovanie v 1863 i 1864 g. (St. Petersburg, 1867?), Part III, Section 1, 1-3; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864 g. za piat’desiat let (Petrograd, 1914), I, i-ii, 123-26, 179-80; Iosif V. Gessen, Sudebnaia reforma (St. Petersburg, 1903), 77-78; Grigorii A. Dzhanshiev, Osnovy sudebnoi reformy k 25-ti letiiu novago suda (Moscow, 1891), introduction, xii-xiii; supplement, 8-10; Dzhanshiev, Epokha velikikh reform, eighth edition, 380-88; Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 16-17; Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials, 16, 23-25; Kapnist, Code d’ organisation judiciare, lxxxiv-c.

24. CPP, “Statistiki angliiskikh grazhdanskikh sudov za 1858 god,” luridicheskii vestnik, V (1860–61), 51-53; CPP, “Mestnoe naselenie Rossii,” Russkii vestnik, XL (1862), 18-19; CPP, Pis’ma k Alehsandru III, II, 330-31; Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 6-14; Dzhanshiev, Epokha velikikh reform, eighth edition, 365-68; Dzhanshiev, Osnovy sudebnoi reformy, 27-29; Vasilii I. Iakovlev, Khronologicheskiia dannyia k istoriiu sostavleniia sudebnykh ustavov 20 noiabria 1864 (Petrograd, 1914), 27-28, 33.

25. Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 15, 35, 41-42; Nolde, “Obzor,” 94; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864, I, 213.

26. Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 39-42; Nolde, “Obzor,” 91-94; Istoriia pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata za dvesti let, 1711–1911 g. (St. Petersburg, 1911), IV, 467-68; Sudebnoe preobrazovanie v 1863 i 1864, Part III, Section I, 5-183, 265-78.

27. CPP, “O reformakh,” 184-89; Istoriia pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata, IV, 468-70.

28. Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864, I, 118-119.

29. Istoriia pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata, IV, 471-72; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864, I, 154, 294; Miliukov, Seignebos, and Eisenman, Histoire, III, 875-76; Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials, 32; Dzhanshiev, Epokka velikikh reform, eighth edition, 477.

30. CPP, Grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo. Lektsii, 15-18, 57-64; Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 10-11, 25-35; Sudebnoe preobrazovanie v 1863 i 1864, Part III, Section I, 151-66; Manuscript Division, Saltykov-Shchedrin Library, CPP memorandum, “O zhalobakh na deistviia dolzhnostnykh lits administrativnago vedomstva,” 1864, 1-15.

31. Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864, I, 294; Kapnist, Code d’ organisation judiciare, lxxxvi-lxxxvii; Dzhanshiev, Epokha velikikh reform, eighth edition, 454-57, 477; Miliukov, Seignebos, and Eisenman, Histoire, III, 874.

32. Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 17-23, 35-38; Nolde, “Obzor,” 88-90; Sudebnoe preobrazovanie v 1863 i 1864, Part III, Section I, 302-28; Manuscript Division, Saltykov-Shchedrin Library, CPP memorandum, “Zapiska o grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve,” December, 1861, 14-24.

33. Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 41; Istoriia pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata, IV, 469-72.

34. CPP and Babst, Pis’ma o puteshestvii, 526-30; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, November 8, December 14, 1864; February 2, February 7, 1865; Central State Historical Archive of the USSR, Leningrad, CPP letters to Alexei D. Zheltukhin, June 5, June 7, 1862.

35. CPP, “Iuridicheskiia zametki i voprosy po nasledstvennomu i zaveshchatel’nomu pravam,” Zhurnal Ministerstva iustitsii, XXVII, Part II (1866), 33-40; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 56-58; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864, II, 597–600.

36. CPP, Sudebnoe rukovodstvo. Sbornik pravil, polozhenii i primerov (St. Petersburg, 1872), passim; “Sudebnoe rukovodstvo,” Zhurnal grazhdanskago i torgovago prava, III (1872), 514-26; “Sudebnoe rukovodstvo,” Sudebnyi vestnik, April 26, April 28, 1872.

37. CPP, “Preobrazovanie suda prisiazhnykh,” Grazhdanin, Number 51, December 22, 1873, 1371-72; Prince Vladimir P. Meshcherskii, Moi vospominaniia (St. Petersburg, 1897–1912), II, 55-60, 157-69; III, 333-34; Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi 1870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 100-104, 127-28; Nolde, Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma, 13.

38. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 53-56; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 18; II, 173-74; Alexander A. Polovtsov, Dnevnik gosudarstvennogo sekretaria A. A. Polovtsova (Moscow, 1966), I, 147; II, 13, 14, 16, 26; Dzhanshiev, Epokha velikikh reform, eighth edition, 463-64; Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials, 81; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864, II, 604-605.

39. CPP, “S’ezd iuristov v Moskve,” Grazhdanin, Number 44, October 29, 1873, 1173-75; Pervyi s’ezd russkikh iuristov v Moskve v 1875 godu (Moscow, 1882), i-viii, 7-14, 119-28, 252-72; R. G. Eimontova, “Universitetskaia reforma 1863 g.,” Istoricheskie zapiski, Number 70 (1961), 182-83; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, February 27, 1875.

40. Count Dmitrii A. Miliutin, Dnevnik (Moscow, 1947–50), I, 111; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, February 16, 1874.

41. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 277-78, 346; II, 9-13; CPP, Novum Regnum, 68-69, 171-72, 398; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 11, October 16, 1877; March 28, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, April 10, 1878; March 29, 1881.

42. CPP, “Podlezhit li zemstvo po zakonu otvetstvennosti za nepriniatie mer protiv goloda?,” Grazhdanin, Number 52, December 29, 1873; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 129.

IV. The Petersburg Tutor

1. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), II, 330-31; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864 g. za piat’desiat let (Petrograd, 1914), I, 73; Nicholas P. Barsukov, Zhizn’ i trudy M. P. Pogodina (St. Petersburg, 1888-1910), XXI, 69; XXII, 1-3; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, September 26, 1864; February 2, April 12, April 24, May 1, August 21, September 22, December 28, 1865.

2. A. A. Shevelev, “Puteshestviia po Rossii Ego Imperatorskago Vysochestva naslednika tsesarevicha Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha,” Russkoe obozrenie, XLVI (1897), 52-92; IL (1898), 821-22; Prince Vladimir P. Meshcherskii, Moi vospominaniia (St. Petersburg, 1897–1912), II, 3-11, 55-60; Iurii V. Gotie, “K. P. Pobedonostsev i naslednik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1865–1881,” Publichnaia biblioteka SSSR imeni V. I. Lenina. Sbornik, II (1929), 110-12, 120-21, 127-28; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Aksakov, February 2, March 21, 1867; October 20, December 12, 1868; March 17, 1869; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 18, December 2, 1866; October 18, 1868; December 30, 1871; December 22, 1874; February 25, September 22, 1880; September 20, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, December 7, 1866; November 29, 1875.

3. CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 23, 1004-1006, 1014-16, 1097-98; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 4-7, 19-21, 31-32, 36, 42-43, 212, 230-37, 255-58, 277-78, 280-81, 402-406, 419; CPP, “Proshchanie Moskvy s Tsarem svoim,” in Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), Pamiati Imperatora Aleksandra III (Moscow, 1894), 88-89; CPP, “Gosudar’Imperator Aleksandr Aleksandrovich,” RA, I (1906), 620-22; Egor A. Peretts, Dnevnik E. A. Perettsa, 1880-1883 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 5; Count Peter A. Valuev, Dnevnik, 1877-1884 (Petrograd, 1919), 128-29; V. S. Frank (editor), “Iz neizdannoi perepiski Imp. Aleksandra III i Nikolaia II s kn. V. P. Meshcherskim,” Sovremennyia zapiski, LXX (1940), 187; Nicholas N. Firsov, “Aleksandr III. Lichnaia kharakteristika chast’iu po ego neizdannym dnevnikam,” Byloe, Number 29 (1925), 90-104; Meshcherskii, Vospominaniia, II, 3-11, 99; III, 7; Gotie, “Pobedonostsev i naslednik,” 125-27; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Aksakov, March 21, 1867; October 20, 1868; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 31, 1877; August 8, August 27, October 17, 1879.

4. Russia. Gosudarstvennyi sovet, Opis’ del arkhiva Gosudarstvennago soveta (St. Petersburg, 1908–1913), XVI, 172; XVII, 745; Russia. Gosudarstvennyi sovet, Otchëtiza 1872–1881 (St. Petersburg, 1874–83), 1872, 319-20; 1876, supplement, 22; 1877, supplement, 13-21, 31-32; 1878, supplement, 20; 1879, supplement, 30; 1880, supplement, 32, 45; 1881, supplement, 61; “50-letnii iubilei K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Sudebnaia gazeta, June 9, 1896, 10-11; Baron Alexander E. Nolde, “Obzor nauchnoi iuridicheskoi deiatel’nosti K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, VIII (1907), 87; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, December 14, 1868; March 22, 1869; December 15, 1877; December 29, 1879; February 25, 1880; October 17, 1881.

5. MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, August 9, 1880.

6. B. Koz’min, “Odoevskii v 1860-e gody,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Numbers 22-24 (1935), 79-82; Alexander P. Piatkovskii, Kniaz’ V. F. Odoevskii i D. V. Venevitinov (St. Petersburg, 1901), 9-53.

7. Anatole D. Alekseev (editor), Letopis’ zhizni i tvorchestva I. A. Goncharova (Moscow-Leningrad, 1960), 142, 239, 248; CPP, “Eshchë na pamiat’ o kniaze V. F. Odoevskom,” in Obshchestvo liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti, Moscow, V pamiat’ o kniaze Vladimire Fedoroviche Odoevskom (Moscow, 1869), 78-82; Evgenii N. Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki do Velikoi Oktiabrskoi Sotsialisticheskoi Revoliutsii (second edition, Moscow, 1938), 150-51; “Tekushchaia khronika i osobye proisshestviia. Dnevnik V. F. Odoevskogo, 1859–1869 gg.,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Numbers 22-24 (1935), 162, 180, 193, 202-203, 216, 255; “Iz pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k izdateliu ‘Russkago arkhiva’,” RA, I (1904), 189; Prince V. M. Golitzyn, “Moskovskii universitet v 60-kh godakh,” Golos minuvshago, V (1917), 233; Koz’min, “Odoevskii,” 82-86; Piatkovskii, Odoevskii, 54-98; MDLL, CPP letters to Prince Vladimir F. Odoevskii, January 12, July 22, 1865; undated letters.

8. Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, Un Homme d’état russe, Nicholas Miliutine (Paris, 1884), 27-32, 37-41, 44-49, 124-26; Anatole F. Koni, “Velikaia kniaginia Elena Pavlovna,” in Velikaia reforma, V (1911), 14-34; Meshcherskii, Vospominaniia, II, 205-216.

9. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 13, 402; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’. Vospominaniia o pochivshikh (Moscow, 1896), 3-7, 18, 95-97; CPP, “9 ianvaria 1873 goda,” Grazhdanin, Number 3, January 15, 1873, 57-58; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, January 12, 1873.

10. CPP (editor), Perepiska Iu. F. Samarina s baronessoiu E. F. Raden, 1861–1876 g. (Moscow, 1893), 2-29, 34-37, 46-48, 53-61, 85-144, 170-78; CPP (editor), “Pis’ma baronessy Raden k g. Berkgoltsu,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXXVII (1896), 318-22; XXXVIII (1896), 786-94; XXXIX (1896), 781-88; XL (1896), 800-809; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 84-87; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 21-25; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 22-24 (1935), 542-43, 557; “Briefwechsel zwischen Arnold von Tideböhl, Redakteur der Baltischen Monatschrift, und K. P. Pobedonoszego, Prokureur des HI. Synod,” Baltische Monatshefte, 1934, 571-77; Anton Rubinstein, Autobiography of Anton Rubinstein, 1829–1889 (Boston, 1890), 58-61; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, January 4, 1875; December 15, 1877.

11. Yuri Samarine, Préface aux Oeuvres théologiques de A. S. Khomiakov (Paris, 1939), 11-19; Iurii Samarin and O. Dmitriev, Revoliutsionnyi konservatizm (Berlin, 1875), 10-11; CPP, Perepiska Samarina, 153-54, 238-42; Nicholas Riasanovsky, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1952), 85-86; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 22, April 6, 1876.

12. Peter I. Bartenev (editor), “Bolezn’ i konchina naslednika-tsesarevicha Nikolaia Aleksandrovicha, 1865. Pis’ma Anny Fedorovny Tiutchevoi v Moskve k K. P. Pobedonostsevu i k sestre eia Ekaterine Fedorovne,” RA, II (1905), 283-304; Ivan S. Aksakov, “Pis’ma I. S. Aksakova k K. P. Pobedonostsevu, 1876–1885,” RA, III (1907), 163-92; “Pis’mo I. S. Aksakova k K. P. Pobedonostsevu,” RA, II (1905), 591-92; Gotie, “Pobedonostsev i naslednik,” 108-109; Manuscript Division, Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom), CPP letter to Ivan Aksakov, June 27, 1878.

13. CPP, Perepiska Samarina, 206-207; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 147; Dmitri Stremooukhoff, La Poésie et l’idéologie de Tiouttchev (Paris, 1937), passim, especially 13-25, 51-60, 109-119, 139-49; Ivan S. Aksakov, Biografiia Fedora Ivanovicha Tiutcheva (Moscow, 1886), 242-45, 317-18; K. Pigarev, “F. I. Tiutchev i problemy vneshnei politiki tsarskoi Rossii,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 19-21 (1935), 240; Alexander von Schelting, Russland und Europa im russischen Geschichtsdenken (Bern, 1948), 182-85; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 18, October 20, 1868; April 22, 1875; July 8, 1876; March 12, 1879.

14. Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva vtoroi polovirvy XIX stoletiia. Perepiska prof. N. I. Subbotina (Moscow, 1915), 208-209, 219, 224, 229, 448; Aksakov, “Pis’ma,” 176-77; Ivan S. Aksakov, Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov v ego pis’rnakh (Moscow, 1886-96), I, 28-32, 37; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 107, 176-77; CPP, Novum Regnum, 275-77, 556; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 63-73; Samuel Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials under the Last Three Tsars (New York, 1953), 98-99; Riasanovsky, Russia and the West, 52; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Aksakov, July 15, 1867; March 21, July 17, October 20, November 23, 1868; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 10, 1876; March 12, November 4, 1877; July 6, 1878; September 20, December 8, 1881.

15. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 229-33, 239; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Aksakov, March 18, 1882; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 12, 1867; November 24, 1869; November 22, December 5, December 20, 1870; October 12, October 31, November 21, 1874; November 17, 1875; January 29, September 16, 1877; May 30, December 14, 1878; February 25, July 23, August 9, December 29, 1880; June 5, July 21, 1881; January 8, January 10, February 15, 1882; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, December 8, 1870; October 10, December 31, 1875; February 23, July 23, September 27, December 23, 1877; November 6, 1878; July 16, September 7, September 20, 1881.

16. MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, July 15, 1865.

17. CPP, Novum Regnum, 997; Rose J. Birkbeck, Life and Letters of W. J. Birkbeck (London, 1922), 29, 166; William J. Birkbeck, Birkbeck and the Russian Church (London, 1917), 123; William T. Stead, Truth About Russia (London, 1889), 324; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda. Poslanie k vysokopreosviashchennomu Pavlu, eksarkhu Gruzii. Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Nikanora,” RA, III (1908), 112; Friedrich Steinmann and Elias Hurwicz, Konstantin Petrowitsch Pobjedonoszew, der Staatsmann der Reaktion unter Alexander III (Königsberg, 1933), preface, viii; Royal Society of London, Catalogue of Scientific Papers, 1800–1900 (London, 1867–1925), XIV, 844-46; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, August 19, 1864.

18. Catherine A. Pobedonostsev (translator), Minnie Mackay (Marie Corelli, pseud.), Istoriia detskoi dushi. Mogushchestvennyi Atom. Povest’ (fifth edition, Moscow, 1911); Catherine A. Pobedonostsev (editor), Severnye tsvety. Vybor iz stikhotvorenii A. S. Pushkina (St. Petersburg, 1888); CPP, Novum Regnum, 823-37, 867, 1084; Jeremiah Curtin, Memoirs (Madison, Wisconsin, 1940), 467-68, 486-87, 781; Boris V. Nikol’skii, “Literaturnaia deiatel’nost’ K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Istoricheskii vestnik, LXV (1896), 722; MDLL, CPP letters to Olga Novikov, January 28, 1877; April 26, 1888.

19. I. V. Preobrazhenskii, Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev, ego lichnost’ i deiatel’nosti (St. Petersburg, 1912), 22-23; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 550; Lettres de la princesse Radziiuill au général de Robilant, 1889–1914 (Bologna, 1933-34), II, 21-22; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Aksakov, February 2, 1867; October 20, 1868; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 12, May 14, 1868; September 21, 1879.

20. Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva preosviashchennomu Illarionu, arkhiepiskopu Poltavskomu,” RA, LIV (1916), 374-80; Petrovskii (editor), “Perepiska K. P. Pobedonostseva s preosviashchennym Nikanorom episkopom Ufimskim,” RA, III (1915), 252, 258; Harry de Windt, The New Siberia (London, 1896), 67; William T. Stead, The M.P. for Russia. Reminiscences and Correspondence of Madame Olga Novikoff (New York, 1909), II, 332, 336; S. Mel’gunov (editor), “K. P. Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii. Neizdannyia pis’ma k S. D. Voitu,” Na chuzhoi storone, VIII (1924), 186; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 1, March 13, August 16, November 28, 1880; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, July 3, 1891; July 25, 1895.

21. Petrovskii, “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva,” 131-34, 361-64; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, April 19, 1872; November 23, 1873; January 16, February 2, March 17, April 21, May 26, December 22, 1874; December 25, 1875; January 23, May 25, 1876; March 31, May 11, August 3, November 22, November 24, 1877; January 19, August 19, 1878; July 1, September 21, 1879; February 25, 1880; June 3, October 24, November 12, November 20, November 24, November 28, December 30, 1881; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, November 30, 1876; October 11, 1877; December 21, 1881; April 6, November 13, 1890; June 30, 1893; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, January 11, December 31, 1876; April 11, August 31, November 19, 1877; Sergei A. Rachinskii letters to CPP, October 10, 1889; October 17, 1890; July 11, 1891; October 11, 1892; April 17, May 31, 1895; April 4, April 26, 1896. Pobedonostsev’s correspondence with Catherine Tiutchev and with Olga Novikov contains many references to his wife’s being unwell.

22. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 182, 252, 350-51; Valuev, Dnevnik, 213; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 29, December 14, December 21, 1878; December 17, 1879; August 15, 1881; Manuscript Division, Library, University of California, Berkeley, Count Vladimir N. Lamzdorf letter to Nicholas K. Giers, November 28, 1882. Sergei Golubov, a Soviet historical novelist, published a novella in 1941 designed to ridicule Pobedonostsev. In the novel, Golubov described the Pobedonostsev home as a cold and broken one after the early 1870’s. Her brother was described as their idiot son, and Mrs. Pobedonostsev was given Sonya’s habits of dress and of eating chocolates, while Baranov appeared as a lieutenant general who was in fact having an affair with her which Pobedonostsev decided to ignore. Golubov’s description of the Pobedonostsev family life was grossly inaccurate, but it is clear that their lives did suffer heavy personal strain. (Den’ Konstantina Petrovicha. Povest’ [Moscow, 1941], passim, especially 9-18, 72, 142-43.)

23. Boris N. Chicherin, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1929–34), IV, 104-105, 328; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 29-31; Petrovskii, “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva,” 131; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 7, July 22, September 21, 1881; February 15, March 3, 1882; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, June 12, July 21, 1881; February 17, 1882.

V. Dostoevsky

1. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), I, 310-11; Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi I870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 89; Vasilii Y. Cheshikhin (Ch. Vetrinskii, pseud.), F. M. Dostoevskii v vospominaniiakh sovremennikov (Moscow, 1912), 162-63; N. F. Belchikov (editor), “Dostoevskii o Pushkinskikh torzhestvakh,” KA, I (1922), 375.

2. Vladimir V. Ermilov, F. M. Dostoevskii (Moscow, 1956), 163, 201-202; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 83-84, 86, 89-90, 114.

3. So far as relations between Dostoevsky and Pobedonostsev are concerned, the principal published Dostoevsky materials are the Dostoevsky Pis’ma, published in four volumes in Moscow in the years 1928–59, under the editorship of Arkadii S. Izkoz (A. S. Dolinin, pseud.); Dostoevsky, Dnevnik pisatelia, published in volumes IV-VI in the Dostoevsky Sobranie sochinenii (Paris, 1945–46); the studies of Dostoevsky by Leonid Grossman, in addition to that listed above: Dostoevskii na zhiznennom puti (Moscow, 1928), two vols.; Seminarii po Dostoevskomu. Materially, bibliografiia i kommentarii (Moscow, 1922); Tvorchestvo Dostoevskogo, 1821–1881–1921. Sbornik stat’ei i materialov (Odessa, 1921); and Zhizn’ i trudy F. M. Dostoevskogo (Moscow-Leningrad, 1935); Iulian G. Oksman, “F. M. Dostoevskii v redaktsii Grazhdanina,” Tvorchestvo Dostoevskogo. Stat’i i materialy pod red. Grossmana (Odessa, 1921), 63-82; and Arkadii S. Izkoz (A. S. Dolinin, pseud.), F. M. Dostoevskii. Materialy i issledovaniia (Leningrad, 1935).

Careful examination of the Dostoevsky and Pobedonostsev archives in the Manuscript Division of the Lenin Library in Moscow indicated that the fourvolume edition of the Dostoevsky letters published between 1928 and 1959 is complete so far as the letters of Pobedonostsev to Dostoevsky are concerned. These archives also contain seventy-one unpublished letters written by Pobedonostsev to Dostoevsky’s widow between 1881 and 1906.

The principal published sources on this relationship, on the Pobedonostsev side, are CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, and CPP, Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), two volumes in one. Pobedonostsev’s twenty-two articles in Grazhdanin in 1873 are, of course, very important, for Dostoevsky was the editor of the journal at that time. Finally, the immense mass of unpublished Pobedonostsev correspondence in the Manuscript Division of the Lenin Library in Moscow is valuable, if only for the paucity of references to Dostoevsky.

4. N. F. Belchikov, “Dostoevskii i Pobedonostsev,” KA, II (1922), 245-47; Dostoevsky, Pis’ma, III, 308; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 89-90, 103-104, 114, 138-39, 145; Ernest J. Simmons, Dostoevsky (London, 1950), 300.

5. Anna G. Dostoevsky, Bibliograficheskii ukazatel’ sochinenii i proizvedenii iskusstva, otnosiashchikhsia k zhizni i deiatel’nosti F. M. Dostoevskogo (St. Petersburg, 1906), 240-41, 263; N. F. Belchikov (editor), Pis’ma F. M. Dostoevskogo k zhene (Moscow-Leningrad, 1926), 77, 339-40, 379; Prince Vladimir P. Meshcherskii, Moi vospominaniia (St. Petersburg, 1897–1912), II, 14, 55-60, 157-69; III, 333-34; A. A. Shevelev, “Puteshestviia po Rossii Ego Imperatorskago Vysochestva naslednika tsesarevicha Aleksandra Aleksandrovicha,” Russkoe obozrenie, XLVI (1897), 55; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 232, 233, 325; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 22-24 (1935), 530-32.

6. Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 128; Oksman, “Dostoevskii,” 64-67.

7. Alexandra V. Bogdanovich, Dnevnik, 1880–1912 (Moscow, 1924), 44; “Dostoevskii o ‘Bratiakh Karamazovykh.’ Neizdannyia pis’ma, 1879–1881 gg.,” Byloe, Number 15 (1919), 125; Dostoevsky, Pis’ma, III, 61, 69, 202, 273; Anna Dostoevsky, Bibliograficheskii ukazatel’, 263; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 311; Grossman, Seminarii, 13, 16, 17, 30-40, 45, 50, 65; Grossman, Zhizn’, 207, 245-324, passim; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 92, 121, 124, 129, 134-39, 143-44, 146, 149; Belchikov, Pis’ma Dostoevskogo, 85-86, 277, 340, 360, 373-75.

8. Il’ia S. Zilbershtein (editor), F. M. Dostoevskii i I. S. Turgenev. Perepiska (Leningrad, 1928), 9; Vera S. Nechaeva (editor), Opisanie rukopisei F. M. Dostoevskogo (Moscow, 1957), 543-44; Elena A. Shtakenshneider, Dnevnik i zapiski, 1854–1866 (Moscow, 1934), 449; CPP, Novum Regnum, 285, 681-82; Grossman, Zhizn’, 336; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 118, 121; Grossman, Seminarii, 65; Belchikov, “Dostoevskii o Pushkinskikh torzhestvakh,” 373-74; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Dostoevsky, June 5, August 27, November 18, 1881; May 22, December 10, December 15, 1882; July 18, December 11, 1883; January 8, March 26, 1885; April 9, 1888; September 19, 1889; February 14, 1892; January 26, 1893; January 3, 1902.

9. MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 5, December 18, 1875; March 15, 1876; February 19, 1878; October 9, 1879.

10. Boris N. Chicherin, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1929–34), IV, 104; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 88, 134; Oksman, “Dostoevskii,” 69-82.

11. Count Sergei IU. Witte, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1923), II, 468-70; Grossman, Zhizn’, 256, 324; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 88, 124-25, 132-34; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 62; CPP, Novum Regnum, 1008-1010, 1026.

12. Grossman, Zhizn’, 207; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 83-86, 90-92, 114, 136, 159-60; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 5, October 11, 1877.

13. “Dostoevskii o ‘Bratiakh Karamazovykh,’” 100-101; Vladimir Seduro, Dostoevsky in Russian Literary Criticism, 1846–1956 (New York, 1957), 310; Nechaeva, Opisanie rukopisei, 451-52; Constantine V. Mochul’skii, Dostoevskii. Zhizn’ i tvorchestvo (Paris, 1947), 445; Dostoevskii, Sobranie sochinenii, V, 134; Grossman, Zhizn’, 245, 248, 277; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 130-36, 138, 141-46, 245.

14. Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii, V, 179-80; Dostoevsky, The Diary of a Writer (New York, 1949), I, 301-302; Grossman, Zhizn’, 259, 287-88, 298, 307; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 89-90, 120-21, 138-39, 146; Belchikov, “Dostoevskii i Pobedonostsev,” 247-52; Belchikov, “Dostoevskii o Pushkinskikh torzhestvakh,” 374-75.

15. Vladimir V. Ermilov, “F. M. Dostoevskii,” Novyi mir, XXXI (1955), 163, 201-202; Dostoevsky, Pis’ma, III, 308; “Dostoevskii o ‘Bratiakh Karamazovykh,’ “ 100; Grossman, Zhizn’, 282, 286; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 103-104, 134-39, 145; Belchikov, “Dostoevskii i Pobedonostsev,” 242-47.

16. Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii, V, 384-85; Dostoevsky, Pis’ma, II, 87; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 88, 124-29, 135-36; Grazhdanin, September 10, 1873, 991.

17. CPP, “Iz Londona,” Grazhdanin, Number 27, July 2, 1873, 750-52; CPP, “Lionskiia grazhdanskiia pokhorony,” Grazhdanin, Number 31, July 30, 1873, 848; CPP, “V protestantskikh khramakh,” Grazhdanin, Number 31, July 30, 1873, 849; CPP, “Vestminsterskoe abbatstvo,” Grazhdanin, Number 32, August 6, 1873, 870-73; CPP, “K voprosu o vozsoedinenei tserkvei,” Grazhdanin, Number 33, August 13, 1873, 893-96; CPP, “Protivorechiia v anglikanskoi tserkvi,” Grazhdanin, Number 34, August 20, 1873, 921-23; CPP, “Vorovskii uzhin,” Grazhdanin, Number 36, September 3, 1873, 974-76; CPP, “Irvingity v Londone. Deisty i unitarii v Londone,” Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 949-51.

18. CPP, “Bor’ba gosudarstva s tserkov’iu v Germanii,” Grazhdanin, Number 34, August 20, 1873, 915-18; CPP, “Tserkov’ i gosudarstvo v Germanii,” Grazhdanin, Number 40, October 1, 1873, 1064-1066; CPP, “Tserkovnyia dela v Germanii,” Grazhdanin, Number 51, December 22, 1873, 1367-69; Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii, IV, 384-85, 409-414; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 125-26.

19. CPP, “Kritika i bibliografiia. Svoboda, ravenstvo i bratstvo,” Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 958-62; Number 36, September 3, 1873, 976-79; Number 37, September 10, 1873, 1007-1010; CPP, “Kartina vysshago vospitaniia. Avtobiografiia Dzh. Stuarta Millia,” Grazhdanin, Number 45, November 5, 1873, 1190-93.

20. CPP, “Frantsiia. Vzgliad na tepereshnee eia sostoianie,” Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 939-42; Pobedonostsev, “Ispaniia,” Grazhdanin, Number 37, September 10, 1873, 991-94; Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii, IV, 367, 379, 400-408, 415-61. In a footnote to Pobedonostsev’s article on the Third International in Spain, Dostoevsky sought to direct the readers’ attention to its analysis “of one of the most interesting and important phenomena in the history of contemporary Europe.”

21. CPP, “S’ezd iuristov v Moskve,” Grazhdanin, Number 44, October 29, 1873, 1173-75; CPP, “Preobrazovanie suda prisiazhnykh,” Grazhdanin, Number 51, December 22, 1873, 1371-72; CPP, “Podlezhit li zemstvo po zakonu otvetstvennosti za nepriniatie mer protiv goloda?,” Grazhdanin, Number 52, December 29, 1873, 1380; Dostoevsky, Pis’ma, III, 313-14.

22. Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii, IV, 194-208; V, 71-73, 78-101; Dostoevsky, The Diary of a Writer, I, 16-22, 30, 213-38; Samuel Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials under the Last Three Tsars (New York, 1953), 169-71; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 100-104, 107, 115-19, 146-48.

23. General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1927), II, 424; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k grafu N. P. Ignatievu,” Byloe, Number 27-28 (1924), 55, 71, 73, 78-79; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 343, 345; II, 12, 153, 191-92, 220, 230, 299; CPP, Novum Regnum, 250, 770-76, 937-38, 1021; Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii, VI, 97-101; Dostoevsky, The Diary of a Writer, II, 637-53; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 142-43; Belchikov, “Dostoevskii i Pobedonostsev,” 244-45; Paul Berline, “Russian Religious Philosophers and the Jews,” Jewish Social Studies, IX (1947), 271-318.

24. Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii, V, 249-63, 393-413; VI, passim; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 26-27, 65-68; CPP, Novum Regnum, 314-15, 896; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Ignatievu,” 73-74; Anatole F. Koni, Na zhiznennom puti (Moscow-Riga, 1912–29), I, 592-93; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 108-112; Simmons, Dostoevsky, 252-53, 319-32.

25. Arkadii S. Izkoz (A. S. Dolinin, pseud.), V tvorcheskoi laboratorii Dostoevskogo (Leningrad, 1947), passim; Sergei D. Skazkin, Konets avstro-russkogermanskogo soiuza (Moscow, 1928), 184-85; Count Peter A. Valuev, Dnevnik, 1877–1884 (Petrograd, 1919), 15, 281; Sergius Yakobson (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k V. F. Putsykovichu,” in Kruzhok liubitelei russkoi stariny, Stat’i i materialy (Berlin, 1932), 73; “Pis’mo I. S. Aksakova k K. P. Pobedonostsevu,” RA, II (1905), 591-92; CPP, “Noveishaia angliiskaia literatura po vostochnomu voprosu,” Grazhdanin, Number 1, January 8, 1877, 20-25; CPP and K. N. Bestuzhev-Riumin (translators), William E. Gladstone, Bolgarskie Uzhasy i Vostochnyi Vopros (St. Petersburg, 1876), ix-xi; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 34, 40-41, 49-60, 80-87, 89-120, 405-408; CPP, Novum Regnum, 562-63, 607, 1016-21; von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, I, 22.

VI. Panslavism and the Balkan Crisis

1. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Putevyia zapiski russkago po Evrope v 1847-m godu,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, LVIII (1848), 17-18.

2. This is a brief analysis of Slavophil thought as it is reflected in the works of Ivan Aksakov, Constantine Aksakov, Alexei Khomiakov, and Iurii Samarin in particular. Their collected works have all been published: Ivan S. Aksakov, Sochineniia (Moscow, 1886–91), seven vols.; Constantine S. Aksakov, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii (Moscow, 1861–80), three vols.; Alexei S. Khomiakov, Polnoe sobranie sochinenii (Moscow, 1900–1904), eight vols.; Iurii F. Samarin, Sochineniia (Moscow, 1911), eleven vols. The most useful secondary works are Serge Bolshakoff, The Doctrine of the Unity of the Church in the Works of Khomyakov and Moehler (London, 1946); Albert Gratieux, A. S. Khomiakov et le mouvement Slavophile (Paris, 1939), two vols.; Nicholas Riasanovsky, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Paul N. Miliukov, “Slavianofilstvo,” Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’, XXX (1900), 307-314; Miliukov, Le Mouvement intellectuel russe (Paris, 1918); Peter K. Christoff, An Introduction to Nineteenth-Century Russian Slavophilism. Volume I. A. S. Xomjakov (The Hague, 1961).

3. This general survey of the background and principal characteristics of Russian panslavism is based largely on Hans Kohn, Pan-Slavism. Its History and Ideology (Notre Dame, 1953); Thomas G. Masaryk, The Spirit of Russia (London, 1919), I, 237-335; Michael B. Petrovich, The Emergence of Russian Panslavism, 1856–1870 (New York, 1956); Alexander N. Pypin, Panslavism v proshlom i nastoiashchem (St. Petersburg, 1913); and Benedict H. Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, 1870–1880 (Oxford, 1937).

4. Ivan S. Aksakov, “Pis’ma I. S. Aksakova k K. P. Pobedonostsevu, 1876–1885,” RA, III (1907), 163-64, 173-74; CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), I, 66, 124-27; CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 1018; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 12, March 31, October 16, November 4, 1877; June 29, July 6, July 12, 1878; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, March 2, September 28, 1877; July 13, 1878.

5. Fedor M. Istomin, Kratkii ocherk deiatel’nosti S. Peterburgskago slavianskago blagotvoritel’nago obshchestva za 25 let sushchestvovaniia, 1868–1893 (St. Petersburg, 1893), 12-25; Olga Novikova, Russia and England from 1876–1880 (London, 1880), 32; Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, 60-62; Petrovich, The Emergence of Russian Panslavism, passim, especially 129-53, 198-289.

6. Nicholas J. Danilevsky, Rossiia i Evropa (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1889), passim, especially 25-60, 73-85, 172-83, 283-323, 388-419, 426, 468, 472-510.

7. Rostislav A. Fadeev, Mnenie o vostochnom voprose (St. Petersburg, 1870); Benedict H. Sumner, “Russia and Pan-Slavism in the Eighteen-Seventies,” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fourth Series, XVIII (1935), 40-45. Fadeev’s book was translated into English in 1871; a second edition of this translation was published in 1876, when many Englishmen were becoming alarmed about Russian policy in the Balkans.

8. Benedict H. Sumner, “Ignatyev at Constantinople, 1864–1874,” Slavonic Review, XI (1933), 343-44, 569-71; Leonid I. Strakhovsky, “General Count N. P. Ignatiev and the Pan-Slav Movement,” Journal of Central European Affairs, XVII (1957), 223-35.

9. Count Nicholas P. Ignatiev, “Zapiski grafa N. P. Ignatieva s primechaniiami A. A. Bashmakova,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CXXXVI (1914), 827-28; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 29, 1876.

10. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 9-10, 34-40, 402, 405-406; CPP, Novum Regnum, 1015-16; V. S. Frank (editor), “Iz neizdannoi perepiski Imp. Aleksandra III i Nikolaia II s kn. V. P. Meshcherskim,” Sovremennyia zapiski, LXX (1940), 184-88; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, May 25, June 19, 1876.

11. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 23-30; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, August 11, 1874; September 5, 1875; June 22, July 27, July 29, 1876.

12. Fedor Kovařik, Zážitky a dojmy ruského Čecha za cárstvi (Prague, 1932), 23-24, 44-47, 50-54, 136-37, 341; Jan Heidler (editor), Přispévky k listáři Dra. Frant. Lad. Riegrá (Prague, 1924–26), II, 61, 68, 84; Robert Kann, The Multinational Empire (New York, 1950), II, 136-38; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 68, 408-409; Ignatiev, “Zapiski,” 827-28; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, October 22, 1877.

13. CPP (translator), Wenceslas Wratislaw, Prikliucheniia cheshskago dvorianina Vratislava v Konstantinopole i v tiashkoi nevole u Turok, s avstriiskim posol’stvom 1591 g. (St. Petersburg, 1877), (second edition, Moscow, 1904), passim, especially 27, 239-41; Moskovskiia Vedomosti, July 10, 1877; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, August 3, August 28, 1877; CPP letter to Olga Novikov, October 26, 1877; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, August 12, 1877. These memoirs have been translated into German, French, Hungarian, and English, sometimes in full and sometimes considerably abbreviated.

14. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 45-58, 62-66; CPP, Novum Regnum, 1016-18; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, May 28, June 22, June 29, October 30, November 10, 1876; April 16, 1877; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, July 14, November 20, 1876.

15. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 66, 97-98, 124-27; CPP, Novum Regnum, 1018; Aksakov, “Pis’ma k Pobedonostsevu,” 163-67, 172-74; MDLL, CPP letters to Michael N. Katkov, April 26, May 26, June 21, 1877; January 8, February 14, February 21, 1878; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 5, 1876; April 27, March 12, March 31, September 3, September 6, September 9, September 30, November 4, 1877; June 29, July 6, July 12, 1878; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, September 12, 1876; January 15, March 2, March 23, April 27, June 13, September 28, 1877; July 13, 1878.

16. William E. Gladstone, The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East (London, 1876); Robert W. Seton-Watson, Disraeli, Gladstone, and the Eastern Question (London, 1935), 51-101; David Harris, Britain and the Bulgarian Horrors of 1876 (Chicago, 1939), 160-61, 182-86, 200-208, 231-33, 252-53, 303, 369; Paul Knaplund, Gladstone’s Foreign Policy (New York, 1935), 71, 132–33; John Morley, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (London, 1903), II, 551-54, 560; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, November 10, 1876.

17. CPP and Constantine N. Bestuzhev-Riumin (translators), William E. Gladstone, Bolgarskie Uzhasy i Vostochnyi Vopros (St. Petersburg, 1876), preface; Sergei F. Platonov, Konstantin Nikolaevich Bestuzhev-Riumin (St. Petersburg, 1897), 11, 13; Istomin, Kratkii ocherk, 27; Pchela, October 17, October 24, 1876; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, September 11, 1876; CPP letter to Olga Novikov, November 18, 1876.

18. William E. Gladstone, “Montenegro. A Sketch,” Nineteenth Century, I (1877), 360-69; Pobedonostsev (translator), William E. Gladstone, “Chernogoriia. Stat’ia Gladstona,” Grazhdanin, Number 32-33, November 22, 1877, 741-49; Sir Tollemache Sinclair, A Defense of Russia and the Christians of Turkey (London, 1877), preface, iv, xi-xxiv, appendix, 112-54; CPP, “Noveishaia angliiskaia literatura po vostochnomu voprosu,” Grazhdanin, Number 1, January 8, 1877, 20-25; CPP, “Novaia kniga russkago avtora v anglii po vostochnomu voprosu,” Grazhdanin, Number 38-40, December 14, 1877, 854; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 63-64, 407-408; Sergius Yakobson (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k V. F. Putsykovichu,” in Kruzhok liubitelei russkoi stariny, Stat’i i materialy (Berlin, 1932), 73-74; Yakobson (editor), “Pis’ma Iv. Serg. Aksakova k V. F. Putsykovichu,” Na chuzhoi storone, V (1924), 153; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, November 10, 1876; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, January 28, March 2, October 11, November 15, 1877; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, January 15, 1877.

19. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 292-94; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 26, 1875; February 25, November 4, 1877; February 23, 1878; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, November 12, 1876; February 23, March 2, March 23, November 2, 1877; January 4, 1881.

20. William T. Stead (editor), The M.P. for Russia. Reminiscences and Correspondence of Madame Olga Novikoff (London, 1909), I, 7-12, 37-40, 184, 310; II, 6, 7, 59, 77, 123-24, 300-313; CPP, Novum Regnum, 179-80, 398, 874, 887; CPP, “Noveishaia angliiskaia literatura,” 25; Iakov P. Polonskii, “Iz dnevnika la. P. Polonskago 1878 g.,” Na chuzhoi storone, V (1924), 42; Joseph O. Baylen, “Madame Olga Novikov: Defender of Imperial Russia, 1880–1900,” Historia, I (1951), 133-56; Baylen, “Madame Olga Novikov, Propagandist,” American Slavic and East European Review, X (1951), 256-58; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 29, July 6, July 10, July 14, July 15, November 10, November 18, November 22, November 27, 1876; February 5, 1877; December 14, 1878; March 6, 1881; January 6, 1882; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, July 14, 1876; January 15, March 2, April 27, October 14, November 19, 1877; June 22, 1879; March 2, March 14, 1880; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, October 20, November 6, November 13, November 18, November 30, 1876; January 28, March 2, October 11, 1877.

21. Count Dmitrii A. Miliutin, Dnevnik (Moscow, 1947–50), III, 210, 236-37; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 127, 253-54, 273-74, 413.

22. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 73-118, 170, 193-96, 206-209, 236-37, 250-52, 416-18; CPP, Novum Regnum, 1017; Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, 334-37; Novikova, Russia and England, 52; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, July 2, July 23, August 3, August 28, August 29, August 30, September 9, September 24, October 22, November 4, November 28, 1877; February 19, 1878; CPP letter to Olga Novikov, May 27, 1878; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, October 14, November 2, 1877; Manuscript Division, Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskii Dom), CPP letter to Ivan Aksakov, June 27, 1878. The diary of Count Valuev contains a very revealing critical comment upon Pobedonostsev’s sudden transformation (Count Peter A. Valuev, Dnevnik, 1877–1884 [Petrograd, 1919], 281).

23. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 49, 124-27; CPP, Novum Regnum, 562–63; Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, 554-55; Sergei D. Skazkin, Konets avstrorussko-germanskogo soiuza (Moscow, 1928), 185; General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1927), II, 275.

24. General Hans von Schweinitz, Briefwechsel des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1928), 225-26, 287; von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, II, 290, 301; Andrew Dickson White, Autobiography (New York, 1905), II, 55-71; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 88-89; CPP, Novum Regnum, 874; Jeremiah Curtin, Memoirs (Madison, Wis., 1940), 780.

25. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 123-26; CPP, Novum Regnum, 554, 576-79, 606-609, 617-18, 637-39, 653-55, 695-99, 705-709, 733-37, 757-58, 796-97, 844, 846, 1068-1069.

26. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 321-22; Count Sergei IU. Witte, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1923), I, 80-85; “Perepiska Vitte i Pobedonostseva, 1895— 1905,” KA, XXX (1928), 89, 98; Vladimir M. Khvostov, “Problemy zakhvata Bosfora v 90-kh godakh XIX veka,” Istorik marksist, XX (1930), 117, 127-218; William L. Langer, The Diplomacy of Imperialism, 1890–1902 (New York, 1935), I, 330-49; Emile J. Dillon, The Eclipse of Russia (New York, 1918), 233-44.

27. M. IU. Poggenpol’ (editor), Ocherk vozniknoveniia i deiatel’nosti dobrovol’nago flota za vremia XXV-ti letniago ego sushchestvovaniia (St. Petersburg, 1903), 3-32, 44, 252-71; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 131-33, 177-80, 200, 209-211, 281-84, 412; Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, 486; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, April 30, May 3, 1878.

28. Poggenpol’, Ocherk, 41-43, 106, 251. The Russian Steam Navigation Company, founded under the same impulses at the end of the Crimean War, suffered from the same rapid decline of enthusiasm. See Werner E. Mosse, “Russia and the Levant, 1856–1862; Grand Duke Constantine Nicolaevich and the Russian Steam Navigation Company,” Journal of Modern History, XXVI (1954), 39-48.

29. Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi 1870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 137-38; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, August 30, 1878; May 8, 1879.

30. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 122-45, 154-55, 163-64, 171, 181-85, 188-92, 196, 202-206, 211, 217-31, 238, 264-65, 298-301, 312-14; Poggenpol’, Ocherk, 46-62, 97; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 15, July 12, 1878; May 2, June 1, June 16, July 18, 1879; May 11, 1880.

31. Frederick T. Jane, The Imperial Russian Navy. Its Past, Present, and Future (London, 1899), 333-34; (London, 1904), 334; A. Bagurin, Dobrovol’nyi flot i ego zadachi (St. Petersburg, 1888), 3-37; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 146-53, 158-59, 163, 184, 253-54, 273-74, 281-83, 301-303; II, 13-23; CPP, Novum Regnum, 310-11; Miliutin, Dnevnik, III, 210, 236-37; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 11, 1878; January 31, 1880.

32. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 182, 244-45; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 29, October 1, October 6, November 27, December 14, December 21, December 25, December 30, 1878; April 6, April 14, June 16, July 8, 1879; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, July 13, December 24, 1878.

33. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 244-45, 252, 265-66; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, August 27, December 17, December 18, December 29, 1879; January 31, February 1, 1880.

34. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 233-37, 240-42; Iurii V. Gotie, “Bor’ba pravitel’stvennykh gruppirovok i manifest 29 aprelia 1881 g.,” Istoricheskie zapiski, II (1938), 253; Egor A. Peretts, Dnevnik E. A. Perettsa, 1880–1883 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 5; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 41, 172; Mosse, “Russia and the Levant,” 40-43.

35. Iurii V. Gotie, “K. P. Pobedonostsev i naslednik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1865–1881,” Publichnaia biblioteka SSSR imeni V. I. Lenina. Sbornik, II (1929), 124.

VII. 1881

1. Peter A. Zaionchkovskii, Krizis samoderzhaviia na rubezhe 1870–1880 godov (Moscow, 1964), 151, 215-16, 232; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, April 6, August 27, 1879; February 12, February 25, March 1, March 13, July 23, August 9, August 18, 1880.

2. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), I, 23; Baron Boris E. Nolde, “Sovet ministrov 8 marta 1881 goda. Razskaz grafa Loris-Melikova V. A. Bil’basovu,” Byloe, Number 10-11 (1918), 189; Nicholas A. Konstantinov, Ocherki po istorii srednei shkoly (Moscow, 1947), 18-26; Alexandra V. Bogdanovich, Journal de la générale A. V. Bogdanovitch (Paris, 1926), 38; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 16, 1875; April 30, December 14, December 30, 1878; March 2, 1880.

3. Count Dmitrii A. Miliutin, Dnevnik (Moscow, 1947–50), III, 243-44; Count Peter A. Valuev, Dnevnik, 1877–1884 (Petrograd, 1919), 86-89; Evgenii M. Feoktistov, Vospominaniia. Za kulisami politiki i literatury, 1848–1896 (Leningrad, 1929), 219; Konstantinov, Ocherki po istorii srednei shkoly, 18-66; Iurii V. Gotie, “K. P. Pobedonostsev i naslednik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1865–1881,” Publichnaia biblioteka SSSR imeni V. I. Lenina. Sbornik, II (1929), 116-22; Hans Heilbronner, “The Administrations of Loris-Melikov and Ignatiev, 1880–1882,” University of Michigan, Thesis for Doctorate in History, 1954, 145-52; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Aksakov, October 20, 1868; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 16, 1875; April 30, December 30, 1878; Central State Historical Archive, Leningrad, Count Peter A. Valuev note of December 2, 1875.

4. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 69-73, 111-13, 193-95, 288-99, 303-304; Alexander A. Polovtsev, “Dnevnik,” KA, III (1923), 170; Valuev, Dnevnik, 113-14, 121, 128-219; A. N. Kulomzin (editor), Istoricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Komiteta Ministrov (St. Petersburg, 1902–1903), IV, 465-66; Serge Konovalov (editor), “The Emperor Alexander II and Princess Ekaterina Dolgorukaya (Yurievskaya): Nine letters,” Oxford Slavonic Papers, XI (1964), 94-100; Gotie, “Pobedonostsev i naslednik,” 117-22; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 24, December 15, 1877; December 29, 1879; February 25, June 15, July 2, September 16, November 3, November 4, November 17, November 28, 1880; January 2, January 25, January 26, 1881.

5. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 84-87, 119-20, 276-77, 283-89; CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 8-9; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, August 3, 1877; February 19, April 20, 1878; CPP letter to Michael N. Katkov, December 29, 1879.

6. Egor A. Peretts, Dnevnik E. A. Perettsa, 1880–1883 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 22; P. E. Shchegolev, “Iz istorii konstitutsionnykh veianii v 1879–1881 godakh,” Byloe, Number 12 (1906), 264-76; Jacqueline de Proyart, “Le Haut-Procureur du Saint-Synode Constantin Pobedonoscev et le ‘coup d’état’ du 29 avril 1881,” Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, III (1962), 411; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 206-209, 302-303, 416-17.

7. Viscount Eugène de Vogüé, Les Routes (Paris, 1890), 137-39; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 3, 1880; January 2, January 7, January 15, February 4, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, January 15, 1881; CPP letter to Katkov, January 9, 1881. The information concerning these February meetings was obtained from a thesis for the Candidate degree at Moscow State University completed in 1939 by S. L. Evenchik, who had access to the archives of the Ministry of the Interior and who found there important data on these days (S. L. Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva v 80-kk gg. XIX veka,” chapter 3, 3).

8. Prince Nicholas V. Golitsyn, “Konstitutsiia grafa Loris-Melikova. Materialy dlia eia istorii,” Byloe, Number 10-11 (1918), 125-86, especially 162-73; Maxim M. Kovalevskii, Konstitutsiia grafa Loris-Melikova i ego chastnye pis’ma (Berlin, 1904), 45-47; “Perepiska Alexandra III s gr. Loris-Melikovym, 1880— 1881 gg.,” KA, III (1925), 101-131; “Gr. Loris-Melikov i imp. Aleksandr II o polozhenii Rossii v sentiabre 1880 g.,” Byloe, Number 4 (1917), 33-37; Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” chapter 3, 1.

9. MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 3, 1881.

10. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 315-16.

11. Zaionchkovskii, Krizis samoderzhaviia, 304-305; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 3, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, March 2, March 4, March 9, March 12, 1881; Captain Nicholas M. Baranov letter to CPP, March 2, 1881.

12. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 319-24; CPP, Novum Regnum, 48, 155-58; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 43; de Vogüé, Les Routes, 156; Zaionchkovskii, Krizis samoderzhaviia, 339; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, January 2, January 15, February 4, March 3, March 4, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, March 2, March 4, March 9, March 19, March 20, 1881; CPP letter to Michael N. Katkov, March 24, 1881.

13. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 317, 327-29; CPP, Novum Regnum, 226-29, 240, 251-55; 273-74; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k grafu N. P. Ignatievu,” Byloe, Number 27-28 (1925), 66-69, 85; Peretts, Dnevnik, 29, 118, 128-29; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 6, March 12, March 24, April 18, 1881.

14. Prince Vladimir P. Meshcherskii, Moi vospominaniia (St. Petersburg, 1897–1912), I, 149-50, 207-209; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 314-16, 318, 324-26; CPP, Novum Regnum, 45-46; Gotie, “Pobedonostsev i naslednik,” 127-32; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 3, March 6, March 11, March 31, November 2, December 9, 1881.

15. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 275-76, 343-44, 356-78; CPP, Novum Regnum, 48.

16. “Iz dnevnika odnogo gosudarstvennago deiatelia. Zasedanie Gosudarstvennago soveta 8 marta 1881 g.,” Byloe, Number 1 (1906), 189-94; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 32-37; Peretts, Dnevnik, 39-45; Valuev, Dnevnik, 152-54; Zaionchkovskii, Krizis samoderzhaviia, 331-32; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 11, 1881; CPP letter to Michael N. Katkov, April 18, 1881.

17. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 324, 327-29; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 40; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 29, April 18, 1881; CPP letter to Katkov, April 18, 1881.

18. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 325; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 55; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, April 18, 1881.

19. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 327-29; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 57-59; Peretts, Dnevnik, 63-64; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, April 27, 1881.

20. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 327-30.

21. Ibid., 331-33; Zaionchkovskii, Krizis samoderzhaviia, 371; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, April 27, 1881.

22. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 337-38; CPP, Novum Regnum, 51-52, 63; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 61-63, 72; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, April 29, May 1, 1881; CPP letter to Katkov, May 19, 1881.

23. CPP, “Pis’mo K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Istoricheskii vestnik, LXV (1896), 553-54; K. Medvedskii, “Piatidesiatiletie sluzhebnoi deiatel’nosti K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Russkii vestnik, CCXLV (1896), 280-81; General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schiueinitz (Berlin, 1927), II, 395-96; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 65-67; Meshcherskii, Vospominaniia, III, 65-66; Polovtsev, “Dnevnik,” 84-85; Valuev, Dnevnik, 164; Feoktistov, Vospominaniia, 198; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, April 29, May 1, 1881. The thesis that Katkov was a collaborator of Pobedonostsev in 1881 was accepted by Sergei D. Skazkin, in his excellent Konets avstro-russko-germanskogo soiuza (Moscow, 1928), 90-92. Skazkin does point out that Bismarck’s views may have played some role in the crisis, because he frequently told the Russian ambassador in Berlin that he believed the autocratic government should regain its prestige and authority before considering reforms. “Russia is a horse which must be made to feel today the bridle of its master.”

24. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 347-49; Gotie, “Pobedonostsev i naslednik,” 134; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 3, July 16, July 22, July 23, August 23, August 25, December 9, 1881; February 15, February 22, 1882; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, July 7, July 20, 1881.

25. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 350-51; CPP, Novum Regnum, 78-79, 95, 99-102; Valuev, Dnevnik, 213; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 41; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 3, March 31, July 22, August 15, August 25, August 26, 1881; February 15, 1882; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, March 2, March 4, March 9, March 12, March 29, August 21, 1881; February 5, 1882; Captain Baranov letters to CPP, March 2, May 1, June 16, June 20, July 5, August 2, 1881; Archives, University of California, Berkeley, Count Vladimir N. Lamzdorf letter to Nicholas K. Giers, November 28, 1882.

26. Boris N. Chicherin, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1929–34), IV, 130-32, 220-23; Olga A. Novikova, Russia and England from 1876–1880 (London, 1880), 231-32, 244-51; William T. Stead (editor), The M. P. for Russia. Reminiscences and Correspondence of Madame Olga Novikoff (London, 1909), II, 300-306; “Perepiska P. D. Golokhvastova s I. S. Aksakovym o zemskom sobore,” RA, I (1913), 93-111; II (1913), 181-204; Shchegolev, “Iz istorii konstitutsionnykh veianii,” 261-84; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 350-51, 379-81, 426; CPP, Novum Regnum, 104-120, 132-50, 179-80, 247, 261-63, 274-75, 392, 399, 410; Peretts, Dnevnik, 137-38; Miliutin, Dnevnik, IV, 139; Meshcherskii, Vospominaniia, III, 40-42, 336, 337; Valuev, Dnevnik, 199-200; Feoktistov, Vospominaniia, 206-212; von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, II, 193, 198-200; Zaionchkovskii, Krizis samoderzhaviia, 41, 280-83, 411-12, 463-71; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 6, December 20, December 22, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, March 12, 1881; January 7, 1882. The Manuscript Division of the Lenin Library has two copies of Ignatiev’s draft manifesto in Pobedonostsev’s handwriting.

VIII. Director General of the Synod

1. John S. Curtiss, Church and State in Russia. The Last Years of the Empire, 1900–1917 (New York, 1940), 35-39, 123-24, 130; Timofei V. Barsov, Sinodal’nyia uchrezhdeniia prezhniago vremeni (St. Petersburg, 1897), 20-21.

2. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), II, 34-36, 249-50, 263-66, 328-29; Count Sergei IU. Witte, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1960), II, 238, 269-71, 273; Alexander A. Polovtsev, “Dnevnik,” KA, III (1923), 157, 170; Curtiss, Church and State, 41; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, February 8, 1882.

3. Istoriia pravitel’stvuiushchago Senata za dvesti let, 1711–1911 g. (St. Petersburg, 1911), IV, 449; “Perepiska Vitte i Pobedonostseva, 1895–1905,” KA, XXX (1928), 100; Count Peter A. Valuev, Dnevnik, 1877–1884 (Petrograd, 1919), 113-14, 121; Archbishop Savva of Tver, Khronika moei zhizni (Sergiev Posad, 1897–1911), VIII, 303, 786-90; Thomas Darlington, Education in Russia (London, 1909), 219.

4. “Zapiski prisutstvuiushchago v Sviateishem pravitel’stvuiushchem vserossiiskom sinode (Arkhiepiskopa Khersonskago Nikanora),” RA, III (1906), 5-7; Curtiss, Church and State, 44-72.

5. Curtiss, Church and State, 72-78; Istoricheskaia perepiska o sud’bakh pravoslavnoi tserkvi (Moscow, 1912), 32-47. For examples of the Church’s efforts to express religious and patriotic feeling and to organize demonstrations of popular support for the monarch and the monarchy, see CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1888–1889 (St. Petersburg, 1891), 1-3; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1890–1891 (St. Petersburg, 1893), 1-2.

6. Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Perepiska K. P. Pobedonostseva s preosviashchennym Nikanorom episkopom Ufimskim,” RA, I (1915), 463-64; II (1915), 351-52, 374-75; Boris B. Glinskii, “Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. Materialy dlia biografii,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CVIII (1907), 263-64; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda. Poslanie k vysokopreosviashchennomu Pavlu, eksarkhu Gruzii. Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Nikanora,” RA, III (1908), 86-87; Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiia. Perepiska prof. N. I. Subbotina (Moscow, 1915), 329-53; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, July 23, September 16, 1880; June 12, June 13, July 22, November 24, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, February 7, 1882.

7. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 7-8.

8. Serge Bolshakoff, Russian Nonconformity (Philadelphia, 1950), 15; Curtiss, Church and State, 136-38.

9. CPP, Izvlechenie iz vsepoddanneishago otchëta ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1881 (St. Petersburg, 1883), 46-47; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1894–1895 (St. Petersburg, 1898), 86; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1903–1904 (St. Petersburg, 1909), 130; Curtiss, Church and State, 136-38. The statistics presented in the Holy Synod reports must be used with caution. Thus, the figures given in the annual report for 1881 differ somewhat from those for 1881 used in the volume published to review the work of the Orthodox Church during the reign of Alexander III, from 1881 to 1894. (Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Obzor deiatel’nosti vedomstva Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za vremia tsarstvovaniia Imperatora Aleksandra III [St. Petersburg, 1901], 7-8; CPP, Izvlechenie iz vsepoddanneishago otchëta za 1881, 46-47.)

10. “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k S. D. Voitu,” RA, I (1917), 180; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” II, 251, 253; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, September 26, November 8, 1864; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 18, 1866; November 11, 1878; January 7, 1881.

11. Barsov, Sinodal’nyia uchrezhdeniia prezhniago vremeni, 20-21; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” III, 365-68; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda,” II, 560; III, 88; “Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Khersonskago Nikanora,” 91; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, July 23, September 2, September 16, November 17, December 16, 1880; September 20, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, September 7, 1880.

12. Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VII and VIII, passim; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” I (1915), 458-73; II, 68-111, 244-56, 335-84, 501-528; III, 81-108, 249-68, passim; Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva preosviashchennomu Illarionu, arkhiepiskopu Poltavskomu,” RA, LIV (1916), 129-71, 360-80, passim; Vladimir Parkhomenko, “Dopolnenie k stat’e, ‘Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva preosviashchennomu Illarionu, arkhiepiskopu Poltavskomu,’” RA, III (1916), 281-85; “Iz zapisok arkhiepiskopa Nikanora,” RA, I (1909), 209-276; II, (1909), 19-77; “Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Khersonskago Nikanora,” 189-90; 38 Pisem byvshago Ober-Prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. P. Pobedonostseva k vysokopreosviashchenneishemu Makariiu, arkhiepiskopu Tomskomu (Tomsk, 1910), 1-38; A. Izmailov, “Novosti istorii,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CXLI (1915), 629-36; CXLII (1915), 668-69; “Kniaz’ia tserkvi. Iz dnevnika A. N. Lvova,” KA, XXXIX (1930), 101-103, 122-23; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, May 20, June 15, June 19, August 4, September 24, September 28, October 10, October 23, November 17, 1880; June 3, June 12, July 22, September 12, September 20, October 17, November 24, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, February 7, 1882.

13. CPP, “S’ezd iuristov v Moskve,” Grazhdanin, Number 44, October 29, 1873, 1173; Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi 1870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 127-28; Petrovskii, “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva Illarionu,” 165-67; S. Mel’gunov (editor), “K. P. Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii. Neizdannyia pis’ma k S. D. Voitu,” Na chuzhoi storone, VIII (1924), 179; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 308, footnote; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VIII, 303; Alexandra V. Bogdanovich, Journal de la générale A. V. Bogdanovitch (Paris, 1926), 69, 93-94, 100-108; “Kniaz’ia tserkvi,” XXXIX, 101-103, 108-117, 121, 129; XL, 106-107, 113-16, 123.

14. Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Obzor deiatel’nosti vedomstva Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za vremia Aleksandra III, 7-8; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1884–1885 (St. Petersburg, 1887), 206. In his report to the tsar for 1888–89, Pobedonostsev described the main sources of Orthodox strength and the main domestic hazards in this way: “In this huge mass of the Orthodox narod, the bishoprics in the interior of Russia with all the Great Russian and part of the Little Russian population form the main strength of both the Church and the state. After them follow the Little Russians and White Russians of the western guberniias, both exposed heavily to foreign influence, especially Latin influence. On the border areas of the state, the Orthodox are surrounded by millions of other nationalities and of other religions. They are frequently exposed to the influence of these millions of others and are lost in their mass, to the harm of their nationality and of their faith.” (CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 8.)

15. CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 779-81; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 23; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” I, 463-64; II, 345-46, 351-52; III, 87-89, 101; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Numbers 22-24 (1935), 506; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 144-45; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda,” 88-89; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VIII, 507; IX, 202-204, 294-97; Glinskii, “Pobedonostsev,” 263-64; Curtiss, Church and State, 62-70, 80-86; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 13, July 22, 1881.

16. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 69-70; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” 468-69; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883 (St. Petersburg, 1885), 282-88, 299-302; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 52-53; Obzor deiatel’nosti vedomstva Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za vremia Aleksandra III, 7, 387-411; Rose J. Birkbeck, Life and Letters of W. J. Birkbeck (London, 1922), 166.

17. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 340-41; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1880 (St. Petersburg, 1882), 125-28; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 319-56; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 340-41; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VII, 925-26; IX, 32-36, 62.

18. CPP, Novum Regnum, 968-69; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885 (St. Petersburg, 1887), 229; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Tsirkuliarnye ukazy Sviateishago pravitel’stvuiushchago sinoda, 1867–1900 gg. (St. Petersburg, 1901), 426-31; Curtiss, Church and State, 123-24.

19. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1890–1891, 172; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1901 (St. Petersburg, 1904), 198-200.

20. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 86-87; CPP, . . . za 1887 (St. Petersburg, 1889), 15, 50-52; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 32-33; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891, 188-97; CPP, . . . za 1900 (St. Petersburg, 1903), 210-12; CPP, . . . za 1902 (St. Petersburg, 1905), 157-66; Alexander A. Polovtsov, Dnevnik gosudarstvennogo sekretaria A. A. Polovtsova (Moscow, 1966), I, 49-50; Markov, K istorii raskolastaroobriadchestva, 89; “Vnutrennee obozrenie,” Vestnik Evropy, CLXVIICLXVIII (1894), 388-403.

21. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, passim; MDLL, Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, April 5, December 12, 1881; January 16, February 3, 1882.

22. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 469-74, 564; CPP, Novum Regnum, 580-82, 1062; Markov, K istorii raskolastaroobriadchestva, 13, 188-91, 194-201, 291-92, 301-306, 559-60, 598-602, 655-732; “Perepiska Vitte i Pobedonostseva,” 99-100; V. I. Iasevich-Borodaevskaia (editor), Materialy k vysochaishemu ukazu 12 dekabria 1904 g. (St. Petersburg, n.d.), III, 205-224; Curtiss, Church and State, 141-42.

23. CPP, Novum Regnum, 263-64; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 110-11, 283-85, 295, 298-300, 311-13, 321; Egor A. Peretts, Dnevnik E. A. Perettsa, 1880–1883 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 144-45; Curtiss, Church and State, 28, 42, 132-36.

24. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 209-271, especially 209-219; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 529; Polovtsev, Dnevnik, 109; Curtiss, Church and State, 135-60; Iasevich-Borodaevskaia, Materialy, III, 205-224; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 191-201, 222-23, 296-98, 306-308, 352-54, 397-402, 450, 467-69, 478, 485, 528-30, 547-50, 733-80.

25. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 44; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 534, 537; Pierre Kovalewski, N. S. Leskov. Peintre méconnu de la vie nationale russe (Paris, 1925), 65-70, 128-62; Ivan I. Tkhorzhevskii, Russkaia literatura (Paris, 1946), I, 301-305; Constantine C. Arseniev, Svoboda sovesti i veroterpimost’ (St. Petersburg, 1905), 86-141; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 20, 223-25, 228, 232, 240-44, 250-68.

26. “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k grafu N. P. Ignatievu,” Byloe, Number 27-28 (1925), 66-67; Curtiss, Church and State, 170.

27. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 54; Petrovskii, “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva Illarionu,” 153; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” 352, 361-65, 373-74, 520-27; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda,” II, 555-56, 562-66; III, 90-107; Anatole F. Koni, Na zhiznennom puti (Moscow-Riga, 1912–29), III, 465-88; Curtiss, Church and State, 164-70; Bolshakoff, Russian Nonconformity, 113-18; MDLL, CPP letter to Olga Novikov, January 13, 1892.

28. P. Tverskoi, “Iz delovoi perepiski s K. P. Pobedonostsevym,” Vestnik Evropy, XII (1907), 651-68; Ernest J. Simmons, Leo Tolstoy (Boston, 1946), 515-16, 530-32; Curtiss, Church and State, 161-65.

29. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 284-85; II, 53-54, 158-60; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Ignatievu,” 52, 70, 76; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” II, 360; Valuev, Dnevnik, 93-94; William T. Stead, Truth about Russia (London, 1889), 324-78; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda,” 554-55; Fedor M. Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii (Paris, 1945–46), IV, 256-60; V, 137-39; VI, 11-15; Bolshakoff, Russian Nonconformity, 115-16; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 1, 1874; July 22, 1881; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, January 5, 1889; December 21, 1890; November 22, 1891; October 23, 1892. Pobedonostsev was equally resolute against the Salvation Army and the Quakers.

30. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1880, 39-74; CPP, . . . za 1885, 105-114; CPP, . . . za 1886 (St. Petersburg, 1888), 74-94; CPP, . . . za 1887, 65-73; CPP,. . . za 1888–1889, 79-106, 122-23; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891, 210-19; CPP, . . . za 1899 (St. Petersburg, 1902), 140; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 416-23, 461, 484-85, 642-45.

31. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 226; CPP, . . . za 1886, 143-46; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 93-94, 134-35, 189-91, 201-206, 210-14, 225-30, 234-36, 240-44, 265-67, 272-75, 281-82, 294, 298-300, 309-314, 334-35, 358-60, 374, 423-38, 444-46, 452, 466, 478-84, 516-27, 533-35, 539-45, 577-78, 580-88, 608-619, 615, 626-30.

32. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 28, 78-85, 183-85, 209, 247-48, 309-312, 317-18, 337-45, 352-60, 382, 386-87, 404-405, 412-14, 441, 465, 486-98, 516, 522, 606, 615-16, 649.

33. CPP, Izvlechenie iz vsepoddanneishago otchëta za 1881, 8-11, 62-63; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1879 (St. Petersburg, 1882), 11-21, 59-61; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 59-60; CPP, . . . za 1899, 49-78; “Kniaz’ia tserkvi,” 143, fn.

34. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 294-302; CPP, Novum Regnum, 947-50; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1880, 4-37, 62-63; CPP, . . . za 1883, 160, 179-81;CPP za 1885, 49-51; appendix, 63-65; CPP, . . . za 1886, 94-127; CPP za 1887, 67-69; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 83-85, 163-65; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891, appendix, 65-67, 185-87; CPP, . . . za 1894–1895, appendix, 46-47, 124; “Kniaz’ia tserkvi,” 116, 143-44.

35. Prince Sergei V. Shakhovskoi, Iz arkhiva Kniazia S. V. Shakhovskogo. Materialy dlia istorii nedavniago proshlago Pribaltiiskoi okrainy, 1885–1894 gg. (St. Petersburg, 1909–1910), I, 3-324; II, 3-311; Leonid V. Strakhovsky, “Constitutional Aspects of the Imperial Russian Government’s Policy toward National Minorities,” Journal of Modern History, XIII (1941), 471-72, 482; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1890–1891, 166.

36. Shakhovskoi, Iz arkhiva, I, 126-28; III, v-vii, xlvi-li, 5-7, 26-39, 44-47, 85-86, 139-42, 162-70; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 257-59.

37. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 51-53, 58-59, 119-20, 162-67; CPP, Novum Regnum, 622-24, 658, 836, 921-23, 1070, 1074; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (fourth edition, Moscow, 1896), II, 180-81; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1880, 87-90; CPP, . . . za 1883, 100-110; CPP, . . . za 1886, 24; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 192-96; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii Sinod, Obzor deiatel’nosti vedomstva Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za vremia Aleksandra III, 131, 148; General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schiueinitz (Berlin, 1927), II, 388; Stead, Truth about Russia, 327.

38. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 51-53, 58-59; CPP, Novum Regnum, 921-23; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1896–1897 (St. Petersburg, 1899), 79; Alexander Tobien, Die livlaendische Ritterschajt in ihrem Verhältnis zum Zarismus und russischen Nationalismus (Riga, 1925–30), I, 86-102, 195, 206; Pravoslavnaia tserkov’ v Finlandii, napechatano po rasporiazheniiu g. ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda (St. Petersburg, 1893), 1-166, passim.

39. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 137-38; CPP, Novum Regnum, 861-65, 1038, 1088; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 464-67; CPP, A Monsieur Edouard Naville, Président du comité central suisse de l’Alliance évangélique (St. Petersburg, 1888); Evangelical Alliance, Rapport présenté aux branches de l’Alliance évangélique par le comité de Genève, sur des démarches faites au près de S. M. l’Empereur de Russie rélativement à la liberté religieuse dans l’empire russe de 1887 à 1889 (Geneva, 1889), 1-71; Friedrich Dukmeyer, Aus Anlass des offenen Sendschreibens an den Oberprokureur des Synods K. Pobedonoszeff, von H. Dalton und des offenen Briefes an Pastor Dalton von A. D. (St. Petersburg, 1889); L. von Wurstemberger, Die Gewissensfreiheit in den Ostsee-Provinzen Russlands (Leipzig, 1872), foreword; MDLL, CPP letters to Olga Novikov, December 13, 1887; November 26, 1889; January 7, 1890.

40. Hermann Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen (Berlin, 1906–1908), III, 40-41, 108-124, 128-60; Dalton, Otkrytoe poslanie ober-prokuroru pravitel’stvuiushchago sinoda (Leipzig, 1890), passim; Dalton, Der Stundismus in Russland (Gütersloh, 1896), 47-58; CPP, Ein herzliches Wort an unsere Jugend (Bremen, 1882), preface; W. Loeoeralt, Baltenhetze. Die Verfolgung von Glauben, Sprache und Recht in den Ostseeprovinzen Russlands (Leipzig, 1890), 1-49; Tobien, Dit livlaendische Ritterschaft, I, 206.

41. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 333-34; Bogdanovich, Journal, 43; Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen, III, 154-55, 158-60; Bernhard H. Schwertfeger (editor), Zur europäischen Politik. Unveröffentlichte [Belgische] Dokumente (Berlin, 1919), V, 33; London Times, November 16, 1889.

42. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 707, 712-13; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), I, 33-34, 599, 612-13; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 524-31, 601; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), II, 65-66; Count Vladimir N. Lamzdorf, Dnevnik V. N. Lamzdorfa, 1886–1890 (Moscow, 1926), 36; F. V. Volkhovsky, “The Philosophy of Reaction,” Free Russia, X (1899), 90-91; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, October 7, 1879; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, March 25, 1878.

43. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 26-27, 65-68; CPP, Novum Regnum, 239, 314-15; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1890–1891, 133-35, 324-30; CPP, . . . za 1899, 44-46; CPP, . . . za 1902, 100-106; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorum,” 470-72; “Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Khersonskago Nikanora,” 174-76; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Ignatievu,” 72; Obzor deiatel’nosti vedomstva Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za vremia Aleksandra III, 55-64; A. N. Kulomzin (editor), Isloricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Komiteta Ministrov. K stoletiiu Komiteta Ministrov, 1802–1902 (St. Petersburg, 1902–1903), IV, 107-110; Paul Miliukov, Charles Seignebos, and Louis Eisenman, Histoire de Russie (Paris, 1932–33), 11, 913.

44. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 191-92; Iosif Sidorskii, “Efimi Mikhailovich Kryzhanovskii v 1865–1888 gg.,” Russkaia starina, LXVI (1890), 717-26; Efimi M. Kryzhanovskii, Russkoe zabuzh’e (St. Petersburg, 1911), preface, xxviiixlv; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” III, 264-65.

45. Cyril E. Black, The Establishment of Constitutional Government in Bulgaria (Princeton, 1943), 52-54; Bolshakoff, Russian Nonconformity, 138-39; Curtiss, Church and State, 178-79; Kryzhanovskii, Russkoe zabuzh’e, iii-viii; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, January 4, March 25, 1875; February 18, 1878; October 4, 1881.

46. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 354-56; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1880, 76-86; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Ignatievu,” 63, 73-74; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, January 15, October 4, October 17, 1881; January 10, 1882.

47. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), II, 65-66; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 88-100; CPP, . . . za 1885, 155-59; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 138-42, 169-72, 186-92; CPP, . . . za 1894–1895, 153-67; CPP, . . . za 1896–1897, 70-71; Evlogii, Metropolitan of Western Europe, Put’ moei zhizni. Vospominaniia (Paris, 1947), 90-126; Koni, Na zhiznennom puti,I, 590-93; Koni, “Iz zametok i vospominanii sudebnago deiatelia,” Russkaia starina, CXXXVII (1909), 249-51; CXL (1909), 239-40; “Kniaz’ia tserkvi,” KA, XXXIX, 123; Birkbeck, Life, 280; Miliukov, Seignebos, and Eisenman, Histoire, III, 1161.

48. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 115-17; CPP, Novum Regnum, 515-17, 612-17, 980, 993-94; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1892–1893 (St. Petersburg, 1895), 110-19; “Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Khersonskago Nikanora,” 23-24, 32-36; N. Durnovo, Nechto o russkoi tserkvi v ober-prokurorstve K. P. Pobedonostseva (Leipzig, 1887), passim.

49. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 124-57; Russia. Ministerstvo vnutrennykh del, Obshchii obzor Ministerstva vnutrennykh del za vremia tsarstvovaniia Aleksandra III (St. Petersburg, 1901), 201-213, 226-28, 229-33.

50. Peter V. Znamenskii, Istoriia Kazanskoi dukhovnoi akademii za pervyi (doreformennyi)period eia sushchestvovaniia, 1842–1870 gg. (Kazan, 1891–92),II, 28-30, 89-90, 146, 162-63, 172, 238-39, 304-305; Evgenii N. Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki do Velikoi Oktiabrskoi Sotsialisticheskoi Revoliutsii (second edition, Moscow, 1938), 350-52; Eugene K. Smirnov, A Short Account of the Historical Development and Present Position of Russian Orthodox Missions (London, 1903), 27-47; Bol’shaia sovetskaia entsiklopediia (second edition, 1952), XVII, 551.

51. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 78-83, 108-110; Nicholas I. Ilminskii, Pis’ma Nikolaia Ivanovicha Ilminskago k ober-prokuroru Sviateishchago sinoda Konstantinu Petrovichu Pobedonostsevu (Kazan, 1895), 1-62, 78-87, 93, 101-115, 124-34, 138-229, 239-42, 250-54, 266-71, 286-315, 320-41, 347-52, 361-91, 396, 400-404; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” 105, 250-51; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 428, 556.

52. Quoted in Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 352.

53. Ibid., 350-52; Ilminskii, Pis’ma, 116-17; William J. Birkbeck, Birkbeck and the Russian Church (London, 1917), 210-12; Smirnoff, Short Account, 27-47.

54. Kulomzin, Istoricheskii obzor, IV, 107-110; Ilminskii, Pis’ma, 1-6, 13, 177-80; MDLL, CPP letter to Katkov, July 21, 1883.

55. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 78-84, 102-104, 108-110; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’. Vospominaniia o pochivshikh (Moscow, 1896), 74-94; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 17-33; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 216-18, 293-94; Petrovskii,“Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” 250-51, 510-12; Ilminskii, Pis’ma, 112-24, 177-87, 195-202, 353-59, 395-400; Ilminskii, Besedy o russkoi shkole (Kazan, 1889); Kulomzin, Istoricheskii obzor, IV, 434-35; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 555-56; Bol’shaia sovetskaia entsiklopediia (second edition, 1952), XVII, 551.

56. CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 77-79; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1900, 152-53; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 353-55.

57. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 35-42; CPP, . . . za 1887, 35; Ilminskii, Pis’ma, 28-30, 191-202, 247-50, 259-60, 271-86, 335-44, 397-400; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 355-56.

58. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 259-60; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 132-39; CPP, . . . za 1885, 43-49; Ilminskii, Pis’ma, 11-28, 53-57, 130-32, 136-38, 143-45, 169-73, 180-87, 191-202, 243-46, 265-66, 326-33, 354-61, 365-66, 374-78; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Tsirkuliarnye ukazy, 181-83; Smirnoff, Short Account, 48; Znamenskii, Istoriia Kazanskoi dukhovnoi akademii, I, 304-305; Birkbeck, Birkbeck and the Russian Church, 210-12.

59. Nicholas A. Liubimov, Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov i ego istoricheskaia zasluga (St. Petersburg, 1889), 126; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 190-91.

60. Nicholas Riasanovsky, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1952), 116-17; Sergei S. Tatishchev (S. Nevedenskii, pseud.) Katkov i ego vremia (St. Petersburg, 1888), 328-33; Paul Berline, “Russian Religious Philosophers and the Jews,” Jewish Social Studies, IX (1947), 271-72; William T. Stead (editor), The M.P. for Russia. Reminiscenses and Correspondence of Madame Olga Novikoff (London, 1909), I, 11-12; II, 277-88; CPP (editor), Perepiska IU. F. Samarina s baronessoiu E. F. Raden, 1861–1876 g. (Moscow, 1893), 238-42; N. F. Belchikov, “Dostoevskii i Pobedonostsev,” KA, II (1922), 244-45; Fedor M. Dostoevsky, The Diary of a Writer (New York, 1949), II, 637-53; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 108-112; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 15, 1876.

61. Sergei P. Pobedonostsev, “Putevyia zapiski russkago po Evrope v 1847-m godu,” Otechestvennyia zapiski, LVIII (1848), 12, 15; CPP and Ivan K. Babst, Pis’ma o puteshestvii gosudaria naslednika tsesarevicha po Rossii ot Peterburga do Kryma (Moscow, 1864), 73-75, 565; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 13-14; CPP, Istoriia pravoslavnoi tserkvi do nachala razdeleniia tserkvei (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1892), 5, 35-42, 120-21; Fedor Kovařík, Zážitky a dojmy rushého Čecha za cárství (Prague, 1932), 53-54.

62. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 44; CPP, Novum Regnum, 1016, 1021; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 142-43; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, August 11, 1875; March 17, 1879.

63. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 60; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 12, 72-74, 111-13, 154, 191-92, 220, 249, 320; CPP, Novum Regnum, 695-99, 770-72, 877-82; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 539, 543-44; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Ignatievu,” 71; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 143-47; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891, 123-26; CPP, . . . za 1893, 76; CPP, . . . za 1894–1895, 169-70; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 196-97, 201, 297, 307.

64. CPP, Novum Regnum, 937-38; Andrew D. White, “A Statesman of Russia; Constantine Pobedonostzeff,” Century Magazine, LVI (1898), 110-18; Baron Egor F. Staal, Correspondance diplomatique de M. de Staal, 1884–1900 (Paris, 1929), II, 123-214; William J. Birkbeck, The Prospect of Reunion with Eastern Christendom (London, 1894), 16-19; Tverskoi, “Iz delovoi perepiski,” 665-66; von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, II, 424; Volkovsky, “The Philosophy of Reaction,” 90.

65. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 72-74, 249; CPP, Novum Regnum, 250, 569-70, 937-38; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1886, 226-27; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 293; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 499-543; Peretts, Dnevnik, 130-32; S. L. Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva v 80-kh gg. XIX-go veka,” Moscow University Thesis for Candidate Degree in History, 1939, 114-15; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 339; Miliukov, Seignebos, and Eisenman, Histoire, III, 1056; MDLL, CPP letters to Olga Novikov, November 24, 1890; December 15, 1891; November 7, November 20, 1892; December 27, 1893; January 4, 1894.

66. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 343-45; 424; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Ignatievu,” 53, 55, 58-58, 73, 78-80, 88; Tverskoi, “Iz delovoi perepiski,” 665-66.

67. Vasilii I. Iakovlev (V. Ia. Bogucharskii, pseud.), Iz istorii politicheskoi bor’by v Rossii v 70-kh i 80-kh godakh XIX veka (Moscow, 1912), 268-85, 297-98, 304-305; CPP, Novum Regnum, 247-48, 289-94, 344, 389, 408; Steven Lukashevich, “Holy Brotherhood: 1881–1883,” American Slavic and East European Review, XVIII (1959), 491-509; Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” 49-54; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 8, 1881. See also, Hans Heilbronner, “The Administrations of Loris-Melikov and Ignatiev, 1880–1882,” University of Michigan, Thesis for Doctorate in History, 1954, 65-66, 122, 199, 370-78, 475, 491-93.

68. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 319-20; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 522-24, 543; Nikita P. Giliarov-Platonov, Sbornik sochinenii (Moscow, 1899), I, introduction; II, 236-70; Giliarov-Platonov, Evreiskii vopros v Rossii (St. Petersburg, 1906); Giliarov-Platonov, Voprosy very i tserkvi (Moscow, 1905–1906), I, passim, especially 135-37; II, passim, especially 46-49, 92-96; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 135; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 434, 469, 471, 488-90.

IX. The Russian Orthodox Church Abroad

1. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonosteva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), I, 170-71; II, 3-4, 46-47, 79-82, 102-104, 108-110, 145, 191-92, 259-60, 308-309; CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 832-35, 1004-1006; CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (Moscow, 1896), 3-9, 12-16, 20-23, 154-56, 216-21; General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1929), II, 243-44, 275, 302, 388, 395-96.

2. CPP, A Monsieur Edouard Naville, President du comité central suisse de l’Alliance évangélique (St. Petersburg, 1888); Evangelical Alliance, Rapport présenté aux branches de l’Alliance évangélique par le comité de Genève, sur des démarches faites au près de S. M. l’Empereur de Russie rélativement à la liberté religieuse dans l’empire russe (Geneva, 1889), 36; Rose J. Birkbeck, Life and Letters of W. J. Birkbeck (London, 1922), 113; Princess Marie Radziwill, Lettres de la princesse Radziwill au général de Robilant, 1889–1914 (Bologna, 1933–34), II, 42; Igor Smolitsch, “Zur Geschichte der Beziehungen zwischen der russischen Kirche und dem Orthodoxen Osten,” Ostkirchliche Studien, VII (1958), 40-41.

3. CPP, Novum Regnum, 961; Count Peter A. Valuev, Dnevnik, 1877–1884 (Petrograd, 1919), 135; Adrien Boudou, Le Saint-Siège et la Russie (Paris, 1922–25), II, 537-44; Henryk Lisicki, Le marquis Wielopolski, sa vie et son temps, 1803–1877 (Vienna, 1880), II, 21-27; K. Istomin (editor), “Pis’mo g. ober-prokurora Sv. sinoda K. P. Pobedonostseva k Pateru V. Vannutelli,” Vera i razum, I (1893), 353-86.

4. CPP, Novum Regnum, 859-60; Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Perepiska K. P. Pobedonostseva s preosviashchennym Nikanorom episkopom Ufimskim,” RA, III (1915), 258-61; Evgenii A. Adamov, Diplomatiia Vatikana v nachalnuiu epokhu imperializma, 1887–1900 (Moscow, 1931), 16-17, 41-48, 64-77, 81-95; Russia. Gosudarstvennyi sovet, Otchët po deloproizvodstvu Gosudarstvennago soveta za sessiiu 1894–1895 gg. (St. Petersburg, 1895), 123-26.

5. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 323-26; Edouard Winter, Russland und die slawischen Völker in der Diplomatie des Vatikans, 1878–1903 (Berlin, 1950), 99-100; Adamov, Diplomatiia Vatikana, 130-34.

6. Serge Bolshakoff, The Foreign Missions of the Russian Orthodox Church (New York, 1943), 78-121; Nicholas Riasanovsky, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1952), 34, 36, 62, 94-95, 131; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 5, 1872; October 16, 1875; February 7, May 11, 1877; June 11, June 17, June 29, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, June 13, 1877; June 23, July 10, 1881.

7. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 29, 404; William T. Stead (editor), The M.P. for Russia. Reminiscences and Correspondence of Madame Olga Novikoff (London, 1909), I, 135-38; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 23, 1871; April 19, 1872; August 11, October 12, 1874; August 11, 1875.

8. CPP, Novum Regnum, 868-70; William J. Birkbeck, The Prospect of Reunion with Eastern Christendom (London, 1894), 3-30; Birkbeck, Birkbeck and the Russian Church (London, 1917), preface, 2-16, 70, 103, 106-164; Birkbeck, Russia and the English Church in the Last Fifty Years (London, 1895), preface; Birkbeck, Life, 22, 29, 42, 142, 177-79.

9. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 317-18; CPP, Novum Regnum, 455-57, 821-22; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1883 (St. Petersburg, 1885), 420; CPP, . . . za 1886 (St. Petersburg, 1888), 28-29; CPP, . . . za1887 (St. Petersburg, 1889), 91-92; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889 (St. Petersburg, 1891), 246-47; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891 (St. Petersburg, 1893), 505-511; CPP, . . .za 1901 (St. Petersburg, 1904), 207, 214-18, 227; CPP, . . . za 1903–1904 (St. Petersburg, 1909), 165-67; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Obzor deiatel’nosti vedomstva Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za vremia tsarstvovaniia Imperatora Aleksandra III (St. Petersburg, 1901), 369-71; Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiia (Moscow, 1915), 293-94, 578-80.

10. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 261-62; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 200-202; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891, 305-316; Eugene K. Smirnov, A Short Account of the Historical Development and Present Position of Russian Orthodox Missions (London, 1903), 80-83; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, October 7, 1879.

11. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 270-72; CPP, Novum Regnum, 982-84; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 254-55; E. E. Lazarev, Gavaiiskii Senator i vozhdi russkago pravoslaviia, episkop Vladimir i K. P. Pobedonostsev (Geneva, 1902), 13-34, 57-69.

12. Michael Semenov, Vospominanie ob A. N. Muravieve (Kiev, 1875), 18791; “Dva pis’ma Andreia Nikolaevicha Muravieva k K. P. Pobedonostsevu,” RA, II (1905), 415-16.

13. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 64-65, 70-72, 89-93, 308-309; CPP, Novum Regnum, 93-94, 824-28, 1084; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1887, 288-89; Pobedonostsev, Istoriia pravoslavnoi tserkvi do nachala razdeleniia tserkvei (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1892), 11, 219-24; Markov, K istorii raskolastaroobriadchestva, 315, 558; Boris B. Glinskii, “Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. Materialy dlia biografii,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CVIII (1907), 259; A. N. Kulomzin (editor), Istoricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Komiteta Ministrov (St. Petersburg, 1902–1903), IV, 59-61; Boris N. Chicherin, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1929–34), IV, 105-106; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 24, 1881; January 28, 1882; CPP letter to Sergei A. Petrovskii, January 5, 1892.

14. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 70-72, 92-93, 178-85; CPP, Novum Regnum, 93-94; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885 (St. Petersburg, 1887), 281-82; Pobedonostsev, . . . za 1888–1889, 5-7; CPP, . . . za 1899 (St. Petersburg, 1902), 163-64; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 24, 1881; January 28, 1882.

15. Cyril E. Black, The Establishment of Constitutional Government in Bulgaria (Princeton, N. J., 1943), 29-31; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1880 (St. Petersburg, 1883), 191-94; CPP, . . . za 1883, 408-417; CPP, . . . za 1885, 220-22; CPP, . . .za 1886, 135-37, 173-74, 206, 237; CPP, . . .za 1890–1891, 510-11; Bernard H. Schwertfeger (editor), Zur europäischen Politik. Unveröffentlichte [Belgische]Dokumente (Berlin, 1919), V, 236.

16. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 291-92; CPP, Izvlechenie iz Vsepoddanneishago otchëta ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1881 (St. Petersburg, 1883), 104; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 220-22, 285-86; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 456-72; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891, 504-505; CPP, . . . za 1899, 146-49; 163-65; CPP,. . . za 1900 (St. Petersburg, 1903), 273-74; CPP, . . . za 1903–1904, 158; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, winter, 1875; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, November 13, 1890; April, 1899.

17. This account of the political and other problems in Galicia and the Carpatho-Ukraine in the nineteenth century was derived largely from Robert Kann, The Multinational Empire (New York, 1950), I, 221-31, 299-302, 318-27, 413-14, 443; Arthur May, The Hapsburg Monarchy, 1867–1914 (Cambridge, Mass., 1951), 216-17, 432, 500; N. Andrusiak, “Ruthène (église),” Dictionnaire de théologie catholique, XIV (1939), 382-407; Serge Bolshakoff, Russian Nonconformity (Philadelphia, 1950), 139-40.

18. Alexander A. Polovtsov, Dnevnik gosudarstvennogo sekretaria A. A. Polovtsova (Moscow, 1966), I, 70, 142, 485-86; MDLL, Adrian I. Mazur letter to CPP, September, 1886.

19. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 406; II, 9-13, 34-39; CPP, Novum Regnum, 302, 309, 330-31, 420, 499-500, 507, 536-37; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 22-24 (1935), 504-505, 537-38; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” 525-27; Father Ivan Naumovich, Piatidesiatiletie (1839–1889) vozsoedineniia s pravoslavniiu tserkoviiu zapadno-russkikh uniatov. Istoricheskii ocherk (St. Petersburg, 1889), 1-62; Father I. Soloviev, “Otets Ivann Naumovich,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXII (1893), 270-93, 781-803; Alexis Pelipenko, “Die politische Propaganda des russischen Heiligen Synod in Galizien vor dem Kriege,” Berliner Monatshefte, XII (1934), 825-38; von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, II, 275, 302; von Schweinitz, Briefwechsel des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1928), 225-26, 362; Jan Heidler (editor), Příspévky k listáři Dra. Frant. Lad. Riegra (Prague, 1924–26), II, 61, 68; Fedor Kovařík, Zážitky a dojmy ruského Čecha za cárství (Prague, 1932), 25; Paul Miliukov, Charles Seignebos, and Louis Eisenman, Histoire de Russie (Paris, 1932–33), III, 1245; MDLL, Nicholas K. Giers letters to CPP, April 26, 1885; October 10, 1886.

20. Palestinskii Sbornik, I (LXIII) (1955), cover page, 3-5; The New York Times, August 14, 1952; Christian Science Monitor, October 1, 1955. The new Soviet institution immediately claimed the earlier organization’s property in Jerusalem, repaired Orthodox churches in both Israel and Jordan, sent clerical and lay representatives to assume care of the aged Russian monks and nuns living in monasteries and convents in and around Jerusalem, reinforced the staffs of the Russian Orthodox churches, and distributed large quantities of religious books. In short, it resumed earlier Russian efforts to weaken the position of the Greek hierarchy and to replace it by Russians, who could then use the Orthodox Church base for influence in the Middle East and in the Orthodox world. The Soviet agents have followed the tactics of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society by seeking to persuade the Arab clergy that their role in the Church should be greater and would indeed become greater when that of the Greeks in the hierarchy had been reduced or eliminated. According to newspaper reports, the Soviet Minister to Israel and his staff in 1952 even began to attend Orthodox services regularly.

21. Theofanis Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 1882–1914 (Thessaloniki, 1963), 10-17, 31-55; Alphonse d’Alonzo, La Russie en Palestine (Paris, 1901), 83-90.

22. “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k grafu N. P. Ignatievu,” Byloe, Number 27-28 (1925), 76; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 419-20; Archbishop Savva of Tver, Khronika moei zhizni (Sergiev Posad, 1897–1911), VII, 196, 220, 223; VIII, 572; Otchët Pravoslavnago Palestinskago Obshchestva za 1906–1907 god (St. Petersburg, 1908), 11-12; Russkiia uchrezhdeniia v Sviatoi Zemlie i pochivshie deiateli Imperatorskago Pravoslavnago Palestinskago Obshchestva, 1882–1907 (St. Petersburg, 1907), v-vii; Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 64-69.

23. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 290-92; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 455; Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 70-76, 87-88, 129-30; Otchët Pravoslavnago Palestinskago Obshchestva za 1882–1883 god (St. Petersburg, 1883), 2, 31; Otchët . . . za 1885–1886 (St. Petersburg, 1886), 200; Soobshcheniia Palestinskago Obshchestva, III (1892), 260, supplement, 1-2, 17-28, 60-61; V (1895), supplement, 135, 155-56; VI (1896), 167; VII (1897), supplement, 196, 222.

24. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 188-92; Count Vladimir N. Lamzdorf, Dnevnik V. N. Lamzdorfa, 1886–1890 (Moscow, 1926), 199-203; Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 115-30.

25. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 290-92; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 455; CPP, . . . za 1894–1895 (St. Petersburg, 1898), 280-81; CPP, . . . za 1899, 150; Otchët Pravoslavnago Palestinskago Obshchestva za 1906–1907, 18; Otchët . . . za 1908–1909 (St. Petersburg, 1909), 16; Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 115-36, 168-74, 212.

26. Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 89-99, 194-99; Russkiia uchrezhdeniia v Sviatoi Zemlie, v-vi.

27. Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 99-105, 131, 149-57.

28. Ibid., 105-111, 162-64, 187-89; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 290-92; CPP, . . . za 1887, 217-18; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 455, 466; Russkiia uchrezhdeniia v Sviatoi Zemlie, xii-lvii; d’Alonzo, La Russie en Palestine, 58-65, 70-73.

29. Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 136, 157-69, 188-89, 192-94, 212; Lamzdorf, Dnevnik, 348-49; d’Alonzo, La Russie en Palestine, 17-18, 34-51, 74-82.

30. Otchët Pravoslavnago Palestinskago Obshchestva za 1906–1907, 11-12, 18; Otchët . . . za 1908–1909, 16; otchët . . . za 1910–1911 (St. Petersburg, 1911), iv, 3; Stavrou, Russian Interests in Palestine, 174-85.

31. William L. Langer, The Diplomacy of Imperialism, 1890–1902 (New York, 1935), I, 103-105, 108-109, 129-31, 271-74; Sergius Yakobson, “Russia and Africa,” Slavonic Review, XVII (1937–38), 625-36; XIX (1939), 162-66.

32. Valerian A. Panaev, “Iz vospominanii V. A. Panaeva,” Russkaia starina, CXXVIII (1906), 421-35; Czeslaw Jesman, The Russians in Ethiopia. An Essay in Futility (London, 1958), 18-23; Viscount Jean Robert de Constantin, L’Archimandrite Paisi et l’ataman Achinoff. Une Expédition religieuse en Abyssinie (Paris, 1891), 4-45.

33. Jesman, The Russians in Ethiopia, 23-28; de Constantin, L’Archimandrite Paisi, 57-72.

34. Quoted in Yakobson, “Russia and Africa,” XIX, 164.

35. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 186-88; CPP, Novum Regnum, 828-30, 846-47, 1085; Ivan S. Aksakov, “Pis’ma I. S. Aksakova k K. P. Pobedonostsevu, 1876–1885,” RA, III (1907), 185-86; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 472-73; Schwertfeger, Zur europäischen Politik, V, 245-46; Lamzdorf, Dnevnik, 157-58; de Constantin, L’Archimandrite Paisi, 73-111; Panaev, “Iz vospominanii,” 435-37; Jesman, The Russians in Ethiopia, 23-31; Alfred Portier d’Arc (A. Dovérine, pseud.), L’Esprit national russe sous Alexandre III (Paris, 1890), 31, 39-43.

36. France. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Documents diplomatiques français, 1871–1914 (Paris, 1929–51), first series, VI, 510-11; VII, 132; Francesco Crispi, The Memoirs of Francesco Crispi (London, 1912–14), II, 337; Jesman, The Russians in Ethiopia, 4; de Constantin, L’Archimandrite Paisi, 73-83, 113-31; Lamzdorf, Dnevnik, 114, 122, 146, 227.

37. France. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Documents diplomatiques français, 1871–1914, first series, VII, 314, 335, 344-45, 347-51, 380-81, 392; Baron Egor F. Staal, Correspondance diplomatique de M. de Staal, 1884–1900 (Paris, 1929), II, 17; Polovtsov, Dnevnik, II, 184; Andreas Dorpalen, “Tsar Alexander III and the Boulanger Crisis in France,” Journal of Modern History, XXIII (1951), 134; Panaev, “Iz vospominanii,” 436-37; Jesman, The Russians in Ethiopia, 1-16; de Constantin, L’Archimandrite Paisi, 133-36, 167, 255-77, 320-27.

38. France. Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Documents diplomatiques français, first series, VII, 347-49, 380-81, 392, 594; VIII, 371-72; Adrian Dansette, Le Boulangisme (Paris, 1946), 234-95; Dorpalen, “Tsar Alexander III and the Boulanger Crisis,” 134; Jesman, The Russians in Ethiopia, 16; de Constantin, L’Archimandrite Paisi, preface, 201-222, 225-53, 277-311, 330-36; Portier d’Arc, L’Esprit national russe, 37.

39. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 308-310; Jesman, The Russians in Ethiopia, 118-46, 167-94; d’Alonzo, La Russie en Palestine, 80-81.

40. CPP, Novum Regnum, 903, 922; Lamzdorf, Dnevnik, 122-23, 137, 142-46, 168, 227; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VIII, 598-601; Nicholas Notovich, L’Empereur Alexandre III et son entourage (Paris, 1893), 267-69.

X. Russian Political and Intellectual Life

1. This view is accepted by Michael Pokrovsky, eminent Bolshevik historian, who edited and published some of the papers of Pobedonostsev and the letters of the last two tsars to him, and by S. L. Evenchik, whose thesis for the degree of Candidate in History at Moscow University in 1939 benefited from research in the archives, particularly those of the Orthodox Church and of the Ministry of the Interior (Pokrovsky preface to CPP, Konstantin P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum [Moscow, 1923], I, preface; S. L. Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva v 80-kh gg. XIX veka,” Moscow University Thesis for Candidate Degree in History, 1939).

2. CPP, “Iz chernovykh bumag K. P. Pobedonostseva,” KA, XVIII (1926), 203-207; Count Sergei IU. Witte, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1960), II, 32-35; “Iz dnevnika A. A. Polovtsova,” KA, XLVI (1931), 124; Paul Miliukov, Charles Seignebos, and Louis Eisenman, Histoire de Russie (Paris, 1932–33), III, 1037, 1052; Pravitel’stvennyi vestnik, January 18, 1895.

3. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), I, 176; II, 152-57, 197-201, 257-59; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 22-24 (1935), 499; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 16, 1879.

4. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 46-47, 104-106, 203-208; CPP, Novum Regnum, 452-53, 521-22; “Perepiska Vitte i Pobedonostseva, 1895–1905,” KA, XXX (1928), 101-103; Alexander A. Polovtsov, Dnevnik gosudarstvennogo sekretaria A. A. Polovtsova (Moscow, 1966), I, 411-13, 540-41; II, 96, 108, 117-19, 136, 159-61, 411-13, 540-41; Prince Vladimir P. Meshcherskii, Moi vospominaniia (St. Petersburg, 1897–1912), III, 335; Russia. Ministerstvo vnutrennykh del, Obshchii obzor Ministerstva vnutrennykh del za vremia tsarstvovaniia Aleksandra III (St. Petersburg, 1901), 18-28; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864 g. za piat’desiat let (Petrograd, 1914), II, 697-701; Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” chapter 5, 15-45.

5. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 91-92; Maxim M. Kovalevskii, Konstitutsiia grafa Loris-Melikova i ego chastnye pis’ma (Berlin, 1904), 90-91; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, March 11, April 27, April 29, 1881.

6. Quoted in Samuel Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials under the Last Three Tsars (New York, 1953), 81.

7. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 74-76, 114-17, 128, 140, 173-74, 214-18; CPP, Novum Regnum, 463-64, 485-86, 495, 508-514, 598-601, 610-11, 645-47, 683-84, 702-704, 839-40, 915-21, 1072; Egor A. Peretts, Dnevnik E. A. Perettsa, 1880–1883 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 141; A. N. Kulomzin (editor), Istoricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Komiteta Ministrov. K stoletiiu Komiteta Ministrov, 1802–1902 (St. Petersburg, 1902–1903), IV, 275; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Ministerstvo iustitsii za sto let, 1802–1902. Istoricheskii ocherk (St. Petersburg, 1902), 186-87; Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials, 79, 90; Russia. Ministerstvo iustitsii, Sudebnye ustavy 20 noiabria 1864, II, 670-671.

8. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 305-306, 315-21, 422; II, 335-38; CPP, Novum Regnum, 48, 155-58, 197-99, 226-29, 240, 251-55, 273-74, 281-86, 461-80, 588-89, 677-79, 745-48, 1076; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k grafu N. P. Ignatievu,” Byloe, Number 27-28 (1925), 66-69, 85; Count Dmitrii A. Miliutin, Dnevnik (Moscow, 1947-50), IV, 12-15, 43; Iurii V. Gotie, “K. P. Pobedonostsev i naslednik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1865–1881,” Publichnaia Biblioteka SSSR imeni V. I. Lenina. Sbornik, II (1929), 133-34; Polovtsov, Dnevnik, I, 154, 172-73; Peretts, Dnevnik, 118, 128-29; Nicholas A. Konstantinov, Ocherki po istorii srednei shkoly (Moscow, 1947), 29-34; S. V. Rozhdestvenskii (editor), Istoricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, 1802–1902 (St. Petersburg, 1902), 611; “Vozhd’ reaktsii 60-80-kh godov. Neizdannyia pis’ma M. N. Katkova Aleksandru II i Aleksandru III,” Byloe, Number 4 (1917), 19-20; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 7, 1874; November 17, 1875; February 4, 1881; February 1, February 4, February 7, 1882; CPP letter to Michael N. Katkov, March 24, 1881.

9. Evgenii N. Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki do Velikoi Oktiabrskoi Sotsialisticheskoi Revoliutsii (second edition, Moscow, 1938), 140-41; William H. Johnson, Russia’s Educational Heritage (Pittsburgh, 1950), 138-40; Daniel B. Leary, Russian Education. Organization, History, Statistics (New York, 1918), 62-64.

10. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 99-100; CPP, Novum Regnum, 272, 279-80, 346-50, 461-80, 500-501; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 533; “Vozhd’ reaktsii 60-80-kh godov,” 6-29; Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” chapter 6, 86-95; Savva, Archbishop of Tver, Khronika moei zhizni. Avtobiograficheskiia zapiski (Sergiev Posad, 1897–1911), VII, 291-92; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda. Poslanie k vysokopreosviashchennomu Pavlu, eksarkhu Gruzii. Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Nikanora,” RA, III (1908), 114; Nicholas Hans, History of Russian Educational Policy, 1701–1917 (London, 1931), 142-53; Thomas Darlington, Education in Russia (London, 1909), 428-49; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 344; Johnson, Russia’s Educational Heritage, 141-43, 153-54; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, December 9, December 12, 1878.

11. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 99-100, 168-73; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 338-39; Hans, History of Russian Educational Policy, 142-53; Johnson, Russia’s Educational Heritage, 154-55.

12. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 42-44, 236-43; CPP, Novum Regnum, 26-28, 264-68, 294-96, 938-42, 947-48, 1093; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’. Vospominaniia o pochivshikh (Moscow, 1896), 9-20; Fedor M. Dostoevsky, The Diary of a Writer (New York, 1949), I, 368; Polovtsov, Dnevnik, II, 411, 510; Manuscript Division, Saltykov-Shchedrin Library, CPP memorandum, “O rabotakh Komissii dlia izyskaniia glavneishikh osnovanii luchshei postanovki zhenskago obrazovaniia v Rossii,” 1888?, 1-34; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 9, 1880; CPP letter to Sergei A. Rachinskii, October 14, 1895.

13. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (first edition, Moscow, 1880), III, 393-94.

14. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 292-94; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 26, 1875; February 25, March 17, November 4, 1877; February 23, 1878; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, November 12, 1876; February 23, March 2, March 23, November 2, 1877; January 4, 1881; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, February 14, March 2, 1877.

15. MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 16, 1877; June 5, 1881; January 10, 1882; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, September 28, December 23, 1877.

16. Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” chapter 6, 99-100.

17. “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 503-504; Hermann Dalton, On Religious Liberty in Russia (Leipzig, 1890), 59-60; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VIII, 716-717; S. Mel’gunov (editor), “K. P. Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii. Neizdannyia pis’ma k S. D. Voitu,” Na chuzhoi storone, VIII (1924), 181.

18. CPP, Novum Regnum, 533; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” passim, especially 497, 499, 552-53; Evgenii M. Feoktistov, Vospominaniia. Za kulisami politiki i literatury, 1848–1896 (Leningrad, 1929), vii-xxv; Vladimir I. Gurko, Features and Figures of the Past (Stanford, 1939), 188-89, 638-39; Anatole Egorov, “Stranitsii iz godov moei zhizni,” Russkaia starina, CIL (1912), 139-40; Boris B. Glinskii, “Iz tsenzurnago proshlago. Stranichka vospominanii,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CIV (1906), 186-89, 194-95; Leonid N. Maikov, “E. M. Feoktistov,” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, CCCXVIII (1898), 26-42.

19. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 230-37, 322; II, 6-9, 34-36, 41-42; CPP, Novum Regnum, 308-311, 498-99, 858, 908-909, 934, 963; Il’ia E. Repin, I. E. Repin i V. V. Stasov. Perepiska (Moscow, 1948–50), II, 320; V. N. Moskvinov, Repin v Moskve (Moscow, 1955), 56-57; Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskolastaroobriadchestva vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiia. Perepiska prof. N. I. Subbotina (Moscow, 1915), 210, 216.

20. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 211-14; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 514-15, 518-20, 530-31, 539, 549, 560; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VIII, 578-80; Longin F. Panteleev, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1958), 648; Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” chapter 6, 109-110.

21. “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k S. D. Voitu,” RA, I (1917), 87; Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Perepiska K. P. Pobedonostseva s preosviashchennym Nikanorom episkopom Ufimskim,” RA, II (1915), 254-56; Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” chapter 6, 109-110.

22. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 277-78; Constantine Leontiev, Sobranie sochinenii (Moscow, 1912–14), VIII, 206-207; Nicolas Berdyaev, Constantin Leontieff (Paris, 1936), passim, especially 8-10, 74, 119-22, 188.

23. Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi 1870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 145; Sergei M. Soloviev, Zapiski Sergeia Mikhailovicha Solov’eva (Petrograd, 1915), passim, especially 5-21; Dmitri Stremooukhoff, Vladimir Soloviev et son oeuvre messianique (Paris, 1935), 10; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 19, 1878; October 7, 1879; CPP letter to Olga Novikov, January 14, 1877; CPP letters to Boris N. Chicherin, October 10, 1864; March 16, 1873.

24. CPP, Novum Regnum, 323-24, 828, 956-57, 969-70, 1084-1085, 1094; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 545; Stremooukhoff, Soloviev, 192, 218-19, 296, 301-302; E. L. Radlov (editor), Pis’ma Vladimira Sergeevicha Solovieva (St. Petersburg, 1908–11), III, 131-33, 142; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 29, 1881.

25. CPP, Novum Regnum, 172-73, 398; “Kniaz’ia tserkvi. Iz dnevnika A. N. Lvova,” KA, XXXIX (1930), 133-34; Iakov P. Polonskii, “Iz dnevnika la. P. Polonskago 1878 g.,” Na chuzhoi storone, V (1924), 41-49; Grigorii K. Gradovskii, “Iz minuvshago. Vospominaniia i vpechatleniia literatura, 1867–1897 g.,” Russkaia starina, CXXXVII (1909), 529-31; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 17, 1879.

26. Sergei A. Rachinskii, Zametki o sel’skikh shkolakh (St. Petersburg, 1883), 57-58; Andrew D. White, “A Statesman of Russia: Constantine Pobedonostzeff,” Century Magazine, LVI (1898), 114; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 5, 1875; March 15, 1876.

27. CPP, Novum Regnum, 171; Ernest J. Simmons, Leo Tolstoy (Boston, 1946), 335-38; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, March 29, 1881.

28. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 130-34, 251-54; CPP, Novum Regnum, 643-50, 687; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 502-503, 508-509, 524-27, 540-41, 547-48, 553; Feoktistov, Vospominaniia, 242-43; Simmons, Tolstoy, 395, 420, 448-50, 572; Aylmer Maude, The Life of Tolstoy (London, 1953), II, 30-31; MDLL, Sergei A. Rachinskii letters to CPP, March 17, June 17, June 23, 1894.

29. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 251-54, 328-29; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 540; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1886 (St. Petersburg, 1888), 201-202; George L. Calderon, “The Wrong Tolstoi,” The Monthly Review, II (1901), 129-41; CPP (translator), George L. Calderon, Pravda o gr. Leve Tolstome (Moscow, 1901); Poslanie Sviateishago sinoda o grafe Leve Tolstome (Moscow, 1901), 5-20; Graf Lev Tolstoi i Svyatyeishi sinod (Berlin, 1901), 7-42; Archimandrite Ioann, Tolstoi i tserkov’ (Berlin, 1939), 120-37; G. A. Birkett, “Official Plans for Tolstoy’s Funeral in 1902,” Slavonic and East European Review, XXX (1951), 2-6; John S. Curtiss, Church and State in Russia. The Last Years of the Empire, 1900–1917 (New York, 1940), 41; Simmons, Tolstoy, 593-99, 608; Maude, Tolstoy, II, 289; MDLL, CPP letters to Olga Novikov, March 17, June 17, June 23, 1894.

30. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 57-74; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 189-90; P. Tverskoi, “Iz delovoi perepiski s K. P. Pobedonostsevym,” Vestnik Evropy, XII (1907), 657-59; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 24, November 17, 1880; January 9, 1881; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, January 4, January 11, 1889; July 3, October 27, November 21, 1891; February 13, 1892; December 27, 1893; January 4, 1894; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, January 13, 1881; N. Chernyshek memorandum, “Razgovor s ober-prokurorom Sv. sinoda K. P. Pobedonostsevym 1881 dek. 28.”

31. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 255-58, 419; CPP, Novum Regnum, 69-70, 86-89, 94, 170-71, 264-66, 271-72, 318, 353-55, 369-74, 424; “Pis’ma k Feoktistovu,” 502, 508-523, 527-28, 533, 538-39; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Ignatievu,” 61; Peretts, Dnevnik, 114-15; Polovtsov, Dnevnik, I, 380-82, 534; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 426-29; Vasilii V. Rozanov (editor), “Iz perepiski S. A. Rachinskago,” Russkii vestnik, CCLXXXI (1902), 603-629; V. A. Labedev, “Iz zhizni Fedora Ivanovicha Buslaeva,” Russkaia starina, CXXXIII (1908), 302.

32. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 342-44, 403-404; CPP, Novum Regnum, 557-58, 562-63, 936-37, 1061; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 554; Dmitrii N. Ovsianiko-Kulikovskii (editor), Istoriia russkoi literatury XIX v. (Moscow, 1918–23), V, 436; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, February 4, 1881.

33. CPP, Novum Regnum, 728-29, 851-52; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 515-16; Login F. Panteleev (editor), “Pis’mo K. P. Pobedonostseva k N. S. Abazie,” Golos minuvshago, VI (1914), 231-32; “Dostoevskii o ‘Bratiakh Karamazovykh.’ Neizdannyia pis’ma, 1879–1881 gg.,” Byloe, Number 15 (1919), 104-106; Nikita P. Giliarov-Platonov, Sbornik sochinenii (Moscow, 1899), I, preface; Ovsianiko-Kulikovskii, Istoriia russkoi literatury, V, 436; Sergius Yakobson (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k V. F. Putsykovichu,” in Kruzhok liubitelei russkoi stariny, Stat’i i materialy (Berlin, 1932), 74-76.

34. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 39-40, 176, 405; II, 257-59; CPP, Novum Regnum, 169-70, 415, 460-61, 1050, 1054; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 507; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 136; Nicholas A. Liubimov, Pamiati N. A. Liubimova (St. Petersburg, 1897), 26; Sergei S. Tatishchev (S. Nevedenskii, pseud.), Katkov i ego vremia (St. Petersburg, 1888), 107-135; Witte, Vospominaniia, III, 578; Polovtsov, Dnevnik, I, 193, 389, 536, 590; II, 44; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 16, 1879; CPP letters to Katkov, July 20, 1866; August 18, 1869; January 8, February 14, February 21, 1878; March 3, March 30, April 1, April 18, 1880; February 17, June 28, August 21, October 17, October 21, December 6, 1882; May 16, 1883; March 1, March 13, July 19, November 3, November 5, 1884; October 27, November 3, 1885.

35. Quoted in Liubimov, Pamiati, 1-2.

36. MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 5, 1874; July 8, August 27, 1879; October 23, 1880; CPP letters to Katkov, April 11, 1873; April 26, May 26, June 21, 1877; July 7, October 16, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, June 6, August 19, 1879.

37. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 141-44; CPP, Novum Regnum, 585-86, 610, 644-45; “M. N. Katkov i Aleksandr III v 1886–1887 gg.,” KA, LVIII (1933), 58-85; MDLL, CPP letter to Katkov, March 18, 1887.

38. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 151-52, 161-62; CPP, Novum Regnum, 676, 684-92, 705, 711-20, 744-45, 795-96, 1076-1078, 1081.

39. CPP, Novum Regnum, 721-22, 1081; CPP, “Pamiat’ velikoi kniagini Ekateriny Mikhailovny,” Moskovskiia Vedomosti, June 8, 1894; CPP, “Proshchanie Moskvy s tsarem svoim,” Moskovskiia Vedomosti, November 1, 1894; CPP, “Ob universitetskom prepodavanii,” Moskovskiia Vedomosti, June 26, 1899; CPP, “Otvet russkago cheloveka Kropotkinu,” Moskovskiia Vedomosti, October 15, October 16, 1901; CPP, “Russia and Popular Education. A Reply to Prince Kropotkin,” North American Review, CLXXIII (1901), 349-54; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feokistovu,” 546-47; MDLL, CPP letters to Sergei A. Petrovskii, April 16, July 12, 1890; February 25, February 28, March 16, September 4, October 13, November 1, November 21, 1891; January 4, January 19, January 24, March 10, May 6, November 25, 1892; February 18, March 20, June 22, August 31, 1893; June 3, June 17, October 30, November 18, 1894; March 7, 1896.

40. CPP (editor), Perepiska Iu. F. Samarina s baronessoiu E. F. Raden, 1861–1876 (Moscow, 1893), 150-55; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 63-73; CPP, Novum Regnum, 178-79, 399; Ivan S. Aksakov, Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov v ego pis’makh (Moscow, 1888-96), IV, 294-97; A. Presniakov, “Moskovskii adres Aleksandru II v 1870 g.,” KA, XXXI (1928), 144-54; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 23, 1868; November 20, December 15, December 20, 1870; August 11, 1874; November 10, November 18, 1876; January 17, 1877; September 6, September 7, September 28, November 30, 1880; March 21, 1881; CPP letters to Anna Aksakov, March 21, July 17, 1867; October 20, December 12, 1868; CPP letter to Ivan Aksakov, June 27, 1878; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, December 8, 1870; November 12, November 13, 1876; September 7, 1880; January 4, January 13, March 12, July 24, 1881. Pobedonostsev wrote 550 letters to Anna Aksakov, but only forty have survived. (Gotie, “Pobedonostsev i naslednik,” 108.)

41. CPP, Novum Regnum, 275-77, 556; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 520-21; Ivan S. Aksakov, “Pis’ma I. S. Aksakova k K. P. Pobedonostsevu, 1876–1885,” RA, III (1907), 176-77; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 208-209, 219, 224, 229, 448; Kucherov, Courts, Lawyers and Trials, 98-99; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 20, December 8, 1881; February 4, February 8, 1882; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, October 21, 1881.

42. A good illustration of his interest and skill in arranging for publication in several journals of a speech he thought especially important is the treatment provided the talk he gave in memory of Alexander III in 1894: Proshchanie Moskvy s tsarem svoim (Moscow, 1894), which was published in Moskovskiia Vedomosti and reprinted in Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), Pamiati Imperatora Aleksandra III (Moscow, 1894), 88-89; in Vechnaia pamiat’. Vospominaniia o pochivshikh (Moscow, 1896), 101-104; and in RA, I (1906), 619-24. It was translated and published in French in the Revue Anglo-Romaine, I (1895), 40-44. It was also translated into Serbian. (Aleksandar Pogodin, Rusko-srpska bibliografiia, 1800–1925 [Belgrade, 1932], I, 146.)

43. CPP, “Semeinye uchastki,” Russkii vestnik, CCIV (1889), 56-72; Setneinye uchastki (St. Petersburg, 1892); “Semeinye uchastki,” Kurs grazhdanskago prava (fourth edition, Moscow, 1896), I, 730-45.

44. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 353-54; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Voitu,” 79-84, 113-14; William E. Gladstone, The Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture (Philadelphia, 1896), 279-325; CPP (translator), “Gladstone ob osnovakh veri i neveriia,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXVI (1894), 32-41; CPP (translator), Sekty i veroucheniia v Soedinennykh Shtatakh Severnoi Ameriki (St. Petersburg,1896); Department of the Interior, U.S. Census Office, Report on Statistics of Churches in the United States at the Eleventh Census: 1890 (Washington, 1894); CPP (translator), Pobeda, pobedivshaia mir (tenth edition, Moscow, 1905); The Confessions of St. Augustine (New York, 1927), 1-40; William S. Lilly, Christianity and Modern Civilization (London, 1903), 131-61; Lilly, Chapters in European History (London, 1886), I, 49-97; CPP, “Nravstvennyi kharakter grazhdanina v khristianskom obshchestve,” Tserkovnyia Vedomosti, March 23, 1902; Adolphe Prins, De l’esprit du gouvernement démocratique. Essai de science politique (Brussels, 1905), 159-232; CPP (translator), Vseobshchaia podacha golosov (Suffrage Universel) (St. Petersburg, 1906); CPP, Voprosy zhizni (Moscow, 1904); MDLL, CPP letter to Olga Novikov, June 17, 1900.

45. CPP, Istoriia pravoslavnoi tserkvi do nachala razdeleniia tserkvei (St. Petersburg, 1891), preface; (ninth edition, St. Petersburg, 1905).

46. CPP, Novum Regnum, 965-66, 998; CPP, Istoriia pravoslavnoi tserkvi (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1892), page after title page; Alexandra N. Bakhmetev, Razskazy iz russkoi tserkovnoi istorii. Chtenie dlia detei starshago vozrasta (fourth edition, Moscow, 1904); Boris N. Chicherin, Vospominaniia (Moscow, 1929–34), IV, 105; MDLL, CPP letters to Sergei A. Petrovskii, January 5, January 10, 1892; Catherine Tiutchev letters to CPP, May 20, 1880; September 16, 1881.

47. Minnie Mackay (Marie Corelli, pseud.), The Mighty Atom (Philadelphia, 1896), dedication; Catherine A. Pobedonostsev (translator), Istoriia detskoi dushi (Mogushchestvennyi Atom) (third edition, Moscow, 1897).

48. Ibid, (fifth edition, Moscow, 1911); Pogodin, Rusko-srpska bibliografiia, I, 13; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (sixth edition, St. Petersburg, 1906); CPP (translator), Vospitanie kharaktera v shkole (St. Petersburg, 1900); CPP (translator), “Vospitanie kharaktera v shkole,” Narodnoe obrazovanie, Number 2 (1900), 3-12; CPP (translator), Novaia shkola (second edition, Moscow, 1899); Edmond Demolins, L’Education nouvelle (Paris, 1899); CPP, Prizvanie zhenshchiny v shkole i obshchestve (St. Petersburg, 1902); CPP, Mery k povsemestnomu rasprostraneniiu gramotnosti v narod (St. Petersburg, 1892).

49. CPP (translator), Heinrich W. Thiersch, Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni (Moscow, 1861); (second edition, Moscow, 1901); CPP (translator), Heinrich W. Thiersch, “O khristianskom brake,” Pravoslavnoe obozrenie, IV (1861), 307-334; Heinrich W. Thiersch, Uber christliches Familienleben (Frankfurt-am-Main, 1854); CPP (translator), Frederick Le Play, Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda (Moscow, 1897); Frederick Le Play, La Constitution essentielle de l’humanité (Tours, 1881); CPP, Nachala semeinoi zhizni (St. Petersburg, 1904); CPP, “Le Plè,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXIII (1893), 5-30.

50. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1880 (St. Petersburg, 1882), 92-93; CPP, Izvlechenie iz vsepoddanneishago otchëta za 1881 (St. Petersburg, 1883), 97-98; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883 (St. Petersburg,1885), 70-72; CPP, . . . za 1885 (St. Petersburg, 1887), 138-41; CPP, . . . za 1886 (St. Petersburg, 1888), 53-59, 170-79, 218; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889 (St. Petersburg,1891), 403; CPP, . . . za 1894–1895 (St. Petersburg, 1898), 72; CPP, . . . za 1896-1897 (St. Petersburg, 1899), 246-47; CPP, . . . za 1900 (St. Petersburg, 1903), 5-7, 356-57; Mel’gunov, “Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii,” 190-91; Boris B. Glinskii, “Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. Materialy dlia biografii,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CVIII (1907), 259; Giliarov-Platonov, Sbornik sochinenii, I, preface, xxix-xxxi.

51. Moscow. Sinodal’naya tipografiya, Katalog knig, prodaiushchikhsia v sinodal’nykh knizhnykh lavkakh v S. Peterburge i Moskve (Moscow, 1896); A. N. Soloviev, Moskovskii pechatnyi dvor (Moscow, 1917); Markov, K istorii raskolastaroobriadchestva, 521; Mel’gunov, “Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii,” 182-84, 188-91.

52. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 88-90, 137-38; CPP, Novum Regnum, 885-86, 1088; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” 244-46, 250-52, 338; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva,” 323; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 72-77; CPP, . . . za 1885, 141; CPP, . . . za 1887 (St. Petersburg, 1889), 293-94; CPP, . . . za 1888–1889, 390-400; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Obzor deiatel’nosti vedomostva Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za vremia tsarstvovaniia Imperatora Aleksandra III (St. Petersburg, 1901), 206; Conseil Scolaire de Saint Synode, Ecoles paroissales en Russie (Boulogne-sur-Seine, 1900), 7-9; William J. Birkbeck, Birkbeck and the Russian Church (London, 1917), 20-21; Curtiss, Church and State in Russia, 252.

53. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 319-20; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 522-24; Mcl’gunov, “Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii,” 201; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1887, 149; “Dva pis’ma Andreia Nikolaevicha Muravieva k K. P. Pobedonostsevu,” RA, II (1905), 415-16; CPP (editor), Sbornih myslei i izrechenii mitropolita Moskovskago Filareta, 1782–1867 (Moscow,1897), 3-4; Filaret, Metropolitan of Moscow, Mneniia, otzyvy i pis’ma Filareta (Moscow, 1905), foreword; Grigorii A. Dzhanshiev, Epokha velikikh reform (eighth edition, Moscow, 1900), 4-5, 61-63, 73, 193-99; Prince Nicholas V. Shakhovskoi, “N. P. Giliarov-Platonov, kak initsiator tserkovno-prikhodskoi shkoly,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXXVIII (1896), 572-89; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VII, 68-72, 77; VIII, 214, 226, 257-60, 277, 287, 295-96, 351-59, 371-81, 388, 437-39, 452, 462-66, 517-18, 527-29, 532-35; IX, 62, 244-45; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 469-71, 488-90; Curtiss, Church and State in Russia, 31; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 27, 1867; February 28, 1868; November 11, December 8, December 17, December 22, 1872; February 11, 1874; December 22, 1881.

54. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 323; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 155, 169; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), II, 186; Rozhdestvenskii, Istoricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, 549-50; Boris Veselovskii, Istoriia zemstva za sorok let (St. Petersburg, 1909-1911), III, 296-97; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, September 3, 1877; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, October 21, 1881.

55. Miliukov, Seignebos, and Eisenman, Histoire, III, 878; Johnson, Russia’s Educational Heritage, 282; MDLL, CPP letters to Olga Novikov, July 3, 1881; July 25, 1895; Sergei Rachinskii letters to CPP, June 1, December 7, 1894.

56. Nikita P. Giliarov-Pltonov, Voprosy very i tserkvi (Moscow, 1905–1906), I, 135-37; II, 46-49, 92-96.

57. Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 324-28, 374; T. Nikolaeva, “Deti sela Tateva,” Ogonëk, Number 50, December, 1963, 24-25; MDLL, CPP letter to Olga Novikov, May 3, 1902.

58. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 275-76; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 532; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 323-24; Ivan D. Udal’tsov (editor), Ocherki po istorii Moskovskago universiteta (Moscow, 1940), I, 69-70; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, December 25, 1878; February 4, 1881; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, March 5, 1895; June 20, 1899; December 21, 1901; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, November 1, 1879; Rachinskii letters to CPP, January 26, March 17, November 2, 1894. Rachinskii published at least six articles in Russkii vestnik while he was in Germany in 1857–58.

59. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 5-6, 38-41, 223-25; CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901); CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1902 (St. Petersburg, 1905), 24-33; Sergei A. Rachinskii, Sel’skaia shkola (fifth edition, Moscow, 1902), introduction, 80-91; Rachinskii, “Tserkovnaia shkola,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXXIII (1895), 541-56; XXXV (1895), 437-54; XXXVII (1896), 6-19; Rachinskii, “Uchitelia i uchitelnitsy,” Russkoe obozrenie, L (1898), 422-36; Rachinskii, “La Lutte contre l’alcoolisme en Russie,” La Réforme sociale, XXI (1891), 718-21; Rachinskii, Pis’ma S. A. Rachinskago k dukhovnomu iunoshestvu o trezvosti (Moscow, 1899); Rachinskii, 1001 zadacha dlia umstvennago schëta. Posobie dlia uchitelei sel’skikh shkol (Moscow, 1892); Father S. Tanaevskii, Pamiati Sergeia Aleksandrovicha Rachinskago (Kazan, 1904), passim; Rozanov, “Iz perepiski S. A. Rachinskago,” 603-604, 610-11; N. M. Gorbov, “S. A. Rachinskii,” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, CCCXLIV (1902), 80; Kulomzin, Istoricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Komiteta Ministrov, IV, 419; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 321, 359-60; Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki, 324-27, 346; MDLL, Rachinskii letters to CPP, January 19, January 26, February 4, February 17, February 23, March 3, March 11, June 21, July 8, August 9, October 6, November 17, November 28, December 7, 1894.

60. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 27-28, 322-24; CPP, Novum Regnum, 339-42, 452, 1048; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883, 55-70; Petrovskii, “Perepiska Pobedonostseva s Nikanorom,” 106-107, 245; Tanaevskii, Pamiati Rachinskago, 125-30; Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva,” chapter 6, 68-71; MDLL, CPP letters to Rachinskii, December 18, 1881; August 8, 1882.

61. Hans, History of Russian Educational Policy, 158-63.

62. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1885, 178-86; CPP, . . . za 1886, 128-54, 181-82; CPP, . . . za 1890–1891 (St. Petersburg, 1893), 424; CPP, . . . za 1894–1893, 361-98; CPP, . . . za 1896–1897, 221; CPP, . . . za 1902, 4-5; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Obzor deiatel’nosti, 691-715; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Pravila i programmy dlia tserkovno-prikhodskikh shkol i shkol gramoty (St. Petersburg, 1894), 3-112; Russia. Sviateishii pravitel’stvuiushchii sinod, Tsirkuliarnye ukazy Sviateishago pravitel’stvuiushchago sinoda, 1867–1900 gg. (St. Petersburg, 1901), 191, 248-53; Hans, History of Russian Educational Policy, 155-63; Curtiss, Church and State in Russia, 182-84; Johnson, Russia’s Educational Heritage, 192, 282; Alexander A. Polovtsev, “Dnevnik,” KA, III (1923), 113; MDLL, Rachinskii letter to CPP, August 9, 1894.

63. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 382-83; CPP, . . . za 1902, 244-45; A. G. Rashin, “Gramotnost’ i narodnoe obrazovanie v Rossii v XIX i nachale XX v.,” Istoricheskie zapiski, Number 37 (1951), 64-67; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VIII, 581-89; Conseil Scolaire de Saint Synode, Ecoles paroissales, 5; Johnson, Russia’s Educational Heritage, 192, 208-209; Curtiss, Church and State in Russia, 183-84.

XI. Political and Social Thought

1. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), II, 27-28, 271; CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 452, 1048; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, Moscow, 1875), II, 155-69; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1883 (St. Petersburg, 1885), 55-70; CPP and Ivan K. Babst, Pis’ma o puteshestvii gosudaria naslednika tsesarevicha po Rossii ot Peterburga do Kryma (Moscow, 1864), 519-20; CPP (translator), Heinrich W. Thiersch, Kristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni (Moscow, 1861); (second edition, Moscow, 1901); CPP (translator), Heinrich W. Thiersch, “O khristianskom brake,” Pravoslavnoe obozenrie, IV (1861), 307-334; CPP (translator), Fomy Kempiiskago o podrazhanii Khristu (St. Petersburg, 1869), (sixth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896). Prazdniki Gospodni, a series of intensely personal religious meditations which Pobedonostsev wrote between 1858 and 1869, was published for the first time in St. Petersburg in 1894. “Starye listia,” a poem he translated in Russkaia beseda, II (1859), Part I, 7-8, reappeared in Moskovskii sbornik (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 233.

2. General Hans von Schweinitz, Briefwechsel des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1928), 362-63; Louise Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton (London, 1904), II, 150, 155; Hermann Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen (Berlin, 1906–1908), III, 98-99; Princess Catherine Radziwill, Memories of Forty Years (New York, 1915), 247-48; Boris B. Glinskii, “Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev. Materialy dlia biografii,” Istoricheskii vestnik, CVIII (1907), 273-74; I. V. Preobrazhenskii, Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev, ego lichnost’ i deiatel’nosti v predstavlenii sovremennikov ego konchiny (St. Petersburg, 1912), 11; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, December 18, 1875.

3. MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, May 1, 1865; CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, February 5, 1877. This point of view reappears in Pobedonostsev’s principal work, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 238.

4. CPP, “La Lutte contre l’alcoolisme en Russie,” La Réforme sociale, XXVII (1894), 947-48; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 230-31, 302; II, 5-9, 34-41, 223-26; CPP, Novum Regnum, 308, 858, 908-909; “Perepiska Vitte i Pobedonostseva, 1895–1905,” KA, XXX (1928), 98-100, 114; Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiia. Perepiska prof. N. I. Subbotina (Moscow, 1915), 504-505, 521-22; Robert S. Latimer, Under Three Tsars. Liberty of Conscience in Russia, 1856–1909 (London, 1909), 133, 138; General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1927), II, 185; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 14, 1874; February 10, 1876; April 16, 1877; February 26, 1880; January 26, 1881; Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, November 1, 1879.

5. MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 19, 1869; December 30, 1871; June 12, 1874; January 4, 1875; July 21, August 29, 1881; February 4, 1882; Catherine A. Pobedonostsev letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 16, 1880.

6. CPP, Prazdniki Gospodni, passim: CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 271; Andrew D. White, “A Statesman of Russia: Constantine Pobedonostzeff,” Century Magazine, LVI (1898), 115; Preobrazhenskii, Pobedonostsev, 20. The three hundred thirty letters from Pobedonostsev to Catherine Tiutchev, written between 1866 and 1882, now in the Manuscript Division of the Lenin Library, are a reservoir of information concerning Pobedonostsev’s religious beliefs.

7. CPP, Novum Regnum, 681-82; Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva preosviashchennomu Illarionu, arkhiepiskopu Poltavskomu,” RA, LIV (1916), 371-73; S. Mel’gunov (editor), “K. P. Pobedonostsev v dni pervoi revoliutsii. Neizdannyia pis’ma k S. D. Voitu,” Na chuzhoi storone, VIII (1924), 185-89; Ivan S. Aksakov, “Pis’ma I. S. Aksakova k K. P. Pobedonostsevu, 1876–1885,” RA, III (1907) 169-71; N. Almazova, “K dvadtsatipiatiletiu Rossiiskago Obshchestva krasnago kresta,” RA, II (1892), 360-67; Adresnaia i spravochnaia kniga goroda Moskvy na 1894 god (Moscow, 1894), 750-77, 793; Preobrazhenskii, Pobedonostsev, 18-22; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, September 22, December 28, 1865; CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, December 22, 1877.

8. CPP, Dobroe Slovo vospitatelnikam Dukhovnykh Seminarii i Akademii po povodu nyneshnikh strashnykh sobytii (St. Petersburg, 1881); CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 285-88, 344; CPP (translator), Fomy Kempiiskago o podrazhanii Khristu (fifth edition, St. Petersburg, 1893), 358; CPP (translator), Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Dela i dni,” in Skladchina; literaturnyi sbornik (St. Petersburg, 1874), 217-40; Peter I. Bartenev (editor), “Iz dnevnika K. P. Pobedonostseva,” RA, I (1907), 652; Prince Vladimir P. Meshcherskii, Moi vospominaniia (St. Petersburg, 1897–1912), II, 231, 244-45; Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi 1870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 145-46; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 3, 1881.

9. “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k S. D. Voitu,” RA, I (1917), 82-88, 91-99; II (1917), 112-24; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, August 27, October 17, 1879.

10. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 31-52, 142-46; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’. Pedagogicheskiia zametki (second edition, Moscow, 1905), II, 49-50; CPP (translator), Edmond Demolins, Novaia shkola (Moscow, 1898), 70, 72, 81-82, 86-87, 96; Edmond Demolins, L’Education nouvelle (Paris, 1899), 86-87, 132-42; Demolins, A quoi tient la supériorité des Anglo-Saxons (Paris, 1899), 26-27; Herbert Spencer, The Study of Sociology (New York, 1893), 367-71; Ralph Waldo Emerson, Society and Solitude (Boston, 1898), 149-77; MDLL, CPP letters to Olga Novikov, October 26, 1877; February 11, 1891; April, 1899; April 24, 1901.

11. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (fourth edition, Moscow, 1897), 83-92, 307; CPP (translator), George L. Calderon, Pravda o gr. Leve Tolstome (Moscow, 1901), 7, 24; George L. Calderon, “The Wrong Tolstoi,” The Monthly Review, III (1901), 130, 141; William E. Gladstone, The Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture (Philadelphia, 1896), 414-18.

12. Archbishop Savva of Tver, Khronika moei zhizni (Sergiev Posad, 1897— 1911), VIII, 209; Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen, III, 154-55; Dalton, On Religious Liberty in Russia (Leipzig, 1890), 21-23, 27-36; MDLL, CPP letters to Olga Novikov, July 3, 1891; January 24, 1894.

13. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 31-52; CPP, “Zapisnaia knizhka. Velikaia lozh’ nashego vremeni,” Grazhdanin, Number 4, January 22, 1884; Number 19, May 6, 1884; Number 24, June 10, 1884; Baron Alexander E. Nolde, “Obzor nauchnoi iuridicheskoi deiatel’nosti K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, VIII (1907), 114; Max Nordau, Die conventiollen Lügen der Kulturmenschheit (sixth edition, Chicago, 1884), 142-57; Sergius Yakobson (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k V. F. Putsykovichu,” in Kruzhok liubitelei russkoi stariny, Stat’i i materialy (Berlin, 1932), 77.

14. CPP, Prazdniki Gospodni, 14; CPP (translator), Fomy Kempiiskago o podrazhanii Khristu (fifth edition, St. Petersburg, 1893), 276, 282, 287-89; Maurice Bompard, Mon Ambassade en Russie, 1903–1908 (Paris, 1937), 257-58.

15. CPP, “Otvet russkago cheloveka Kropotkinu,” Moskovskiia Vedomosti, October 15, October 16, 1901; CPP, “Russia and Popular Education. A Reply to Prince Kropotkin,’’ North American Review, CLXXIII (1901), 349-54; Grand Prince Alexander Mikhailovich, Vospominaniia (Paris, 1933), 189; Jan Heidler (editor), Příspévky k listáři Dra. Frant. Lad. Riegra (Prague, 1924–26), II, 61, 68; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, December 9, 1878.

16. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 38-41, 223-25; CPP, “Le Plè,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXIII (1893), 14-15.

17. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 267-76; (fourth edition, Moscow, 1897), 259-61; (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 327-30; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 12, 1874.

18. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 248-50; II, 3-5, 32-34, 275-76, 349, 358; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 85-87; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, June 23, July 5, 1863.

19. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 57-76, 92-99, 116-19, 126-30, 238, 275-76, 286-88; (fourth edition, Moscow, 1897), 259-60, 282-83, 296-98; (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 151-58, 327-29; CPP, “Kritika i bibliografiia. Svoboda, ravenstvo i bratstvo,’’ Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 958-60; Iurii F. Samarin and O. Dmitriev, Revoliutsionnyi konservatizm (Berlin, 1875), 10; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 126, 138; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, July 12, 1878.

20. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 57-74, 92-98, 121-30, 181-85, 238; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 5-6, 38-40; II, 223-25; CPP, “La Lutte contre l’alcoolisme,” 947-49; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët oberprokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1888–1889 (St. Petersburg, 1891), 77-79; “Perepiska Vitte i Pobedonostseva,” 100; Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva, 504-505, 521-22; Savva, Khronika moei zhizni, VIII, 589-92; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, November 8, 1864; February 2, 1865; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 12, February 28, October 18, 1868; October 24, 1869; November 22, 1870; March 13, October 12, October 31, 1874; November 17, 1875; December 30, 1876; January 18, September 16, 1877; February 23, 1878; June 8, 1879; January 2, 1881; January 8, February 15, 1882.

21. CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (second edition, Moscow, 1905), II, 49-50.

22. CPP (translator), Novaia shkola, preface, 3-4, 25-30, 69-72, 95-102; CPP, “Ob universitetskom prepodavanii,” Moskovskiia Vedomosti, June 26, 1899; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (fifth edition, Moscow, 1903), I, 31-38; (first edition, Moscow, 1904), II, 38-54; White, “A Statesman of Russia,” 114.

23. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 69; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 88-89; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’. Vospominaniia o pochivshikh (Moscow, 1896), 9-20; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (fifth edition, Moscow, 1903), I, 27-44; (first edition, Moscow, 1904), II, 48-49, 54; Petrovskii (editor), “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva preosviashchennomu Illarionu,” 363; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 138; Heinrich W. Thiersch, On the Christian Commonwealth (Edinburgh, 1877), 141; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, June 9, 1880.

24. CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (fifth edition, Moscow, 1903), I, 3-61; (second edition, Moscow, 1905), II, 38-39.

25. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1890), II, 4, 128, 134, 632-35, 645; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), II, 6-7, 15-17, 215-16; Friedrich Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State (Chicago, 1902), 9-26; Lewis Morgan, Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity in the Human Family (Washington, 1868).

26. CPP (translator), Frederick Le Play, Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda (Moscow, 1897); CPP (translator), Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni (first edition, Moscow, 1861); (second edition, Moscow, 1901); CPP, “Le Plè,” 5-30; Louis Thomas, Frédéric Le Play, 1806–1882 (Paris, 1943), 71-76, 114-24; Carle C. Zimmerman and Merle E. Frampton, Family and Society. A Study of the Sociology of Reconstruction (New York, 1935), 81-82, 96-97; William T. Stead (editor), The M.P. for Russia. Reminiscences and Correspondence of Madame Olga Novikov (London, 1909), II, 141-42, 224; Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen, I, 331; MDLL, CPP letter to Count Dmitrii A. Tolstoy, July 17, 1886; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, November 6, November 18, November 30, 1876; August 23, 1885.

27. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 23-24, 45-54, 75-112, 146-68, 210, 644-66; CPP (translator), Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda, 66-69, 180-82; CPP (translator), Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni, passim, especially 7-20, 28-30, 122-45, 193-206; CPP, “Le Plè,” 9-25.

28. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 147-48; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 5-9, 99-101, 103-112, 149-55; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (first edition, Moscow, 1904), II, 11-12; CPP (translator), Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda, preface, 1-6, 82-87; CPP (translator), Khristianskiia nachala semeinoi zhizni, 11-30; CPP, “Le Plè,” 10, 14-18; Thiersch, On the Christian Commonwealth, 15-29, 43, 63-81, 96-100, 129-48.

29. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 504-558, especially 524-39; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), I, 548; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 646-47; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), II, 530-32; Vladimir Gsovski, Soviet Civil Law (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1948–49),I, 671 fn.

30. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 504-511; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), I, 730-45; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 177, 333-34; CPP, “Semeinye uchastki,” Russkii vestnik, CCIV (1889), 56-72.

31. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 504-511; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), I, 484, 532, 570, 730-35; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 333-34; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896),II, 11; CPP, “Semeinye uchastki,” 71-72.

32. CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1888–1889, 7-8.

33. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 17-19, 23, 173, 219-22; CPP, Istoriia pravoslavnoi tserkvi do nachala razdeleniia tserkvei (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1892), 11, 122-30, 161-62; Fedor M. Dostoevsky, Sobranie sochinenii (Paris, 1945–46), IV, 384-85; Claude G. Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era (Cambridge, Mass., 1932), 147-48; Emile J. Dillon, The Eclipse of Russia (New York, 1918), 83; Rose J. Birkbeck, Life and Letters of W. J. Birkbeck (London, 1922), 69-70; Eduard Winter, Russland und die slawischen Völker in der Diplomatie des Vatikans, 1878–1903 (Berlin, 1950), 75; K. Istomin (editor), “Pis’mo g. ober-prokurora Sv. sinoda K. P. Pobedonostseva k Pateru V. Vannutelli,” Vera i razum, I (1893), 355-56; Nicholas Riasanovsky, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1952), 130-31; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, December 20, 1881.

34. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 2-3, 20-22; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 297-99.

35. MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 23, 1871; August 11, 1875.

36. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 179, 192-93, 201, 204; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 404; CPP, “K voprosu o vozsoedinenei tserkvei,” Grazhdanin, Number 33, August 13, 1873, 893-96; CPP, “Bor’ba gosudarstva s tserkoviu v Germanii,” Grazhdanin, Number 34, August 20, 1873, 915-17; CPP, “Novaia vera i novye braki,” Grazhdanin, Number 39, September 24, 1873, 1047-1048; Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton, II, 250-51.

37. John S. Curtiss, Church and State in Russia. The Last Years of the Empire, 1900–1917 (New York, 1940), 169-70; Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton, II, 160-61; von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, II, 384.

38. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 3-9, 12-13, 20-23, 140-49, 154-56, 159-73, 186-88, 211-27, 271, 277-85; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 79-82, 102-104, 108-110, 191-92, 259-60, 308-309; CPP, Novum Regnum, 832-34, 921; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1902 (St. Petersburg, 1905), I; CPP, “Iz ci.ernovykh bumag K. P. Pobedonostseva,” KA, XVIII (1926), 205; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 54-56; N. Nikol’skii, “K. P. Pobedonostsev,” Tserkovnyi vestnik, XXXIII (1907), 382; von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, II, 243-44, 275, 302, 388, 395-96; White, “A Statesman of Russia,” 113-16; Dalton, On Religious Liberty, 47-50; Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi,” 137-38; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, August 8, 1879.

39. von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten, II, 223.

40. CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’, 74-94; Nicholas I. Ilminskii, Pis’ma Nikolaia Ivanovicha Ilminskago k ober-prokuroru Sviateishago sinoda Konstantinu Petrovichu Pobedonostsevu (Kazan, 1895), 1-414, passim; Sergei A. Rachinskii, Sel’skaia shkola (fifth edition, Moscow, 1902), i-xv; Father S. Tanaevskii, Pamiati Sergeia Aleksandrovicha Rachinskago (Kazan, 1904), 6-83, 140-78; Ivan D. Udal’tsov (editor), Ocherki po istorii Moskovskago universiteta (Moscow, 1940), I, 69-70; Evgenii N. Medynskii, Istoriia russkoi pedagogiki do Velikoi Oktiabrskoi Sotsialisticheskoi Revoliutsii (second edition, Moscow, 1938), 323-24, 350-56.

41. CPP, Novum Regnum, 494, 560; CPP, Vechnaia pamiat’; Iurii V. Gotie, “K. P. Pobedonostsev i naslednik Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, 1865–1881,” Publichnaia Biblioteka SSSR imeni V. I. Lenina. Sbornik, II (1929), 126-27; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Aksakov, February 2, March 12, 1867; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, December 2, 1866; October 18, 1868; December 22, 1874; August 8, 1879; July 23, 1880; September 20, 1881.

42. MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, February 25, November 4, 1877; May 20, 1880.

43. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 292.

44. Evgenii M. Feoktistov, Vospominaniia. Za kulisami politiki i literatury, 1848–1896 (Leningrad, 1929), 219-21; E. J. Dillon (E. B. Lanin, pseud.), “Constantine Pobedonostseff,” Contemporary Review, LXIII (1893), 584; A. Kaminka, “K. P. Pobedonostsev,” Pravo, I (1907), 823-24; Alexander V. Amfiteatrov and Evgenii Anichkov, Pobedonostsev (St. Petersburg, 1907), 101; Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen, III, 88-91; Preobrazhenskii, Pobedonostsev, 17-18.

45. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 242-52; (fourth edition, Moscow, 1897), 253-59; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 116-20; II, 38-40, 46-47, 144-45, 223-26; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 78-82.

46. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 268-74; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 271; CPP, Prazdniki Gospodni, 10-11, 16-20, 26-27, 31-32, 48-51, 55-58, 64; Catherine A. Pobedonostsev (translator), Minnie Mackay (Marie Corelli, pseud.), Istoriia detskoi dushi (Moscow, 1897); Minnie Mackay (Marie Corelli, pseud.), The Mighty Atom (Philadelphia, 1896).

47. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 4-5; CPP (translator), Pobeda, pobedivshaia mir (tenth edition, Moscow, 1905), 16-49, 57-92, 133-84; The Confessions of St. Augustine (New York, 1927), 1-40; William S. Lilly, Chapters in European History (London, 1886), I, 48-87; CPP (translator), Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda, 117-20; “Kievskii sobor 1884 goda. Poslanie k vysokopreosviashchennomu Pavlu, eksarkhu Gruzii. Zapiski arkhiepiskopa Nikanora,” RA, III (1908), 89.

48. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 54-57; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 170-71; II, 3-4, 46-47, 145; CPP, Novum Regnum, 832-35, 1004-1006; CPP, “Gosudar’ Imperator Aleksandr Aleksandrovich,” RA, I (1906), 619-24; Egor A. Peretts, Dnevnik E. A. Perettsa, 1880–1883 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1927), 38; Byloe, I (1906), 192-93. In one characteristic attack on parliamentary government, Pobedonostsev remarked that the political machine in a parliamentary system required perfect balance to work effectively. Representation, he wrote, must be mechanical, impersonal, and mathematically perfect. This, he said, was impossible. The mystical relationship between the narod and the state was to accomplish the feat possible only to a perfectly representative system. (Moskovskii sbornik [third edition, Moscow, 1896], 31-33.)

49. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 25-52; CPP, “Kritika i bibliografiia. Svoboda, ravenstvo, i bratstvo,” Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 958-62; Number 37, September 10, 1873, 1807–1810; CPP, “Zapisnaia knizkha. Velikaia lozh’ nashego vremeni,” Grazhdanin, Number 24, June 10, 1884, 1-4; CPP (translator), Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda, appendix, 222; White, “A Statesman of Russia,” 114.

50. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 228-34, 259; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 49-53, 73-78, 111, 170-71, 193-96, 208-209, 215, 248-52, 259-60, 270, 338-39, 346-47; II, 3-5, 32-34, 46-47, 53, 144-45, 197-202, 215-19, 319-21; CPP, Novum Regnum, 1004-1005; CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia i stat’i (St. Petersburg, 1876), 14-15, 47-55, 116-85, especially 116-18, 156-59; CPP, “Graf V. N. Panin,” Golosa iz Rossii, VII (1859), 3-10, 15-31, 37-39, 76-92; CPP, “Ispaniia,” Grazhdanin, Number 37, September 10, 1873, 991-94; Vsepoddanneishii otchët za 1883 (St. Petersburg, 1885), 1-3; CPP, “Privetstvie starago vospitatelia Velikomu Kniaziu v den ego sovershennoletia,” Starina i novizna, XII (1907), 1-9; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 85-86; CPP (translator), Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda, 221; Gotie, “Pobedonostsev i naslednik,” 116-26; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, November 8, 1864; CPP letter to Olga Novikov, November 30, 1876.

51. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 250-66; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 259-60, 267-69; II, 153; CPP, Novum Regnum, 856-67; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1873), I, 287-89; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 249-51, 338-40, 346; CPP (translator), Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda, 222; M. N. Knorring, General Mikhail Dmitrievich Skobelev (Paris, 1939–40), 192-96, 226-27; Markov, K istorii raskolastaroobriadchestva, 645-48; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 17, November 2, 1881.

52. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 46-47; CPP, Novum Regnum, 452-53, 521-22; George Yaney, “The Concept of the Stolypin Land Reform,” Slavic Review, XXIII (1964), 280.

53. CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (fifth edition, Moscow, 1903), I, 35; (first edition, Moscow, 1904), II, 15-19, 42-48; CPP, Novum Regnum, 865-66.

XII. Philosophy of History

1. CPP, “Gosudar Imperator Aleksandr Aleksandrovich,” RA, I (1906), 622.

2. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 142-43; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 332-34; CPP, “Russkoe grazhdanskoe sudoproizvodstvo v istoricheskom ego razvitii ot Ulozheniia 1649 goda do izdaniia Svoda Zakonov,” Arkhiv istoricheskikh i prakticheskihh svedenii otnosiashchikhsia do Rossii, I, Part I (1859), 1-4.

3. Morris R. Cohen, The Meaning of Human History (La Salle, Illinois, 1947), 9; R. G. Collingwood, The Idea of History (Oxford, 1946), 1; Maurice Mandelbaum, “Can There Be a Philosophy of History?” American Scholar, IX (1939–40), 74-83. See also, Alexander von Schelting, Russland und Europa im russischen Geschichtsdenken (Bern, 1948).

4. Quoted by R. E. Saddler, “National Education and Social Ideals,” in R. D. Roberts (editor), Education in the Nineteenth Century (Cambridge, England, 1901), 210-11.

5. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 356-57; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 276; (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 362, 564-65, 573-75; CPP, “O reformakh v grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve,” Russkii vestnik, XXI (1859), 546-48; CPP, “O zhalobakh na deistviia dolzhnostnykh lits administrativnago vedomstva,” 1864, Manuscript Division, Saltykov-Shchedrin Library, Leningrad, 1-7; CPP, “Zapiska o grazhdanskom sudoproizvodstve,” December, 1861, Manuscript Division, Saltykov-Shchedrin Library, 1, 6-7; Josef Jirásek, Rusko a my (Prague, 1945–46), IV, 50-51; Emile J. Dillon, The Eclipse of Russia (New York, 1918), 83; Andrew D. White, “A Statesman of Russia: Constantine Pobedonostzeff,” Century Magazine, LVI (1898), 114.

6. CPP, Istoriia pravoslavnoi tserkvi do nachala razdeleniia tserkvei (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1892), 210-15, 217-24; Hermann Dalton, On Religious Liberty in Russia (Leipzig, 1890), 4-7, 13-19; Evangelical Alliance, Rapport présenté aux branches de l’Alliance évangélique par le comité de Genève, sur des démarches faites au près de S. M. l’Empereur de Russie rélativement à la liberté religieuse dans l’empire russe (Geneva, 1889), 3-20; Rose J. Birkbeck, Life and Letters of W. J. Birkbeck (London, 1922), 69-70, 110-16; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 23, 1871; August 11, 1875.

7. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 55-56, 208-209; (fourth edition, Moscow, 1897), 50-54; (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 54-57; CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia i stat’i (St. Petersburg, 1876), 281-83; CPP, “Kritika i bibliografiia. Svoboda, ravenstvo i bratstvo,” Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 958-62; Number 36, September 3, 1873, 976-79; Number 37, September 10, 1873, 1007-1010; CPP (translator), Vseobshchaia podacha golosov (Suffrage Universel) (St. Petersburg, 1896), 5-6, 34-37; Adophe Prins, De l’esprit du gouvernement démocratique. Essai de science politique (Brussels, 1905), 159-232; CPP, “O zhalobakh na deistviia dolzhnostnykh lits,” 6-8; Baron Alexander E. Nolde, “Obzor nauchnoi iuridicheskoi deiatel’nosti K. P. Pobedonostseva,” Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnago prosveshcheniia, VIII (1907), 115; MDLL, CPP letter to Olga Novikov, December 21, 1881.

8. Istoricheskaia perepiska o sud’bakh pravoslavnoi tserkvi (Moscow, 1912), 32-47.

9. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), II, 70-71; CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 158-60; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 717-20; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 454-55, 533-34, 555-56; CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia, 124-25, 175-80, 279-81; CPP, “Gosudar’ Imperator Aleksandr Aleksandrovich,” 619-20; CPP and Ivan K. Babst, Pis’ma o puteshestvii gosudaria naslednika tsesarevicha po Rossii ot Peterburga do Kryma (Moscow, 1864), 434-35.

10. CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 555-57, 590-93, 651-52, 661-63, 726-27, 1064; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 83-85; II, 218-21, 589, 651-52, 677-78; Count Richard von Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth, Neun Jahre in russischen Diensten unter Kaiser Alexander III. Erinnerungen (Leipzig, 1907), 183; General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1927), II, 223; Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi 1870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 139; Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiia. Perepiska prof. N. I. Subbotina (Moscow, 1915), 337-38; Cohen, The Meaning of Human History, 291; Evangelical Alliance, Rapport, 36; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, December 20, 1881.

11. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 211-14; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 267-69; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 273-74; (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 521; CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia, 14-15, 47-55, 116-85, especially 116-18, 124, 156-59; CPP, “Alexandre III,” Revue Anglo-Romaine, I (1895), 40-44; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 5-6, 12-20, 526-30; Peter V. Pobedonostsev, “Zaslugi Kheraskova v otechestvennoi slovesnosti,” Trudy Obshchestva liubitelei rossiiskoi slovesnosti pri Imperatorskom Moskovskom universitete, I (1812), 111-18.

12. CPP, Istoricheskiia izsledovaniia, 1-91, 118-19, 185-229, especially 1-2, 21-24, 42-50, 55-56, 118-19, 224.

13. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1873), I, 1-3, 20-30, 104-106; (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 123-48, 174-80, 240-63, 293-308, 370-73, 386-89, 405-413, 465-503, 566-82, 620-21, 659-706; (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 75-76, 504-528; CPP, “Priobretenie sobstvennosti i pozemel’nyia knigi,” Russkii vestnik, XXVIII (1860), 195-221; S. L. Evenchik, “Reaktsionnaia deiatel’nost’ Pobedonostseva v 80-kh gg. XIX-go veka,” a Moscow University Thesis for Candidate Degree in History in 1939, in its first chapter provides a complete misinterpretation of Pobedonostsev’s views with regard to landholding.

14. CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, passim.

15. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 131-34, 289-300; CPP (translator), Frederick Le Play, Osnovnaia konstitutsiia chelovecheskago roda (Moscow, 1897), 45-69; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1873), I, 9-13; (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 123-25, 575-79; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 23-24, 73-74; (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 78, 278-88, 362-67, 505-506, 523; CPP, “Veshchnyi kredit i zakladnoe pravo,” Russkii vestnik, XXXIII (1861), 425-27, 443, 449-50; CPP, “O zhalobakh na deistviia dolzhnostnykh lits,” 7-9; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 5-6, 573-74; Jan Heidler (editor), Příspévky k listáři Dra. Frant. Lad. Riegra (Prague, 1924–26), II, 61-68; Jirásek, Rusko a my, IV, 50-51.

16. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 289-300; (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 30-37; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 370-73, 380-87, 510; (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 75-76, 504-505, 510, 521, 538-45, 550-51; CPP, “O iuridicheskoi dostovernosti telegraficheskikh izvestii,” Iuridicheskii vestnik, I (1860), 39; CPP, “Veshchnyi kredit,” 409-451, especially 444-45; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, passim, especially 5-6, 144-45, 167-73.

17. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 30-31; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 536; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), II, 418-19; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’. Pedagogicheskiia zametki (fifth edition, Moscow, 1903), I, 20-21; (first edition, Moscow, 1904), II, 4; CPP, Vsepoddanneishii otchët ober-prokurora Sviateishago sinoda K. Pobedonostseva po vedomstvu Pravoslavnago Ispovedaniia za 1896–1897 (St. Petersburg, 1899), 73-74; . . . za 1902 (St. Petersburg, 1905), 122-24; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 7-20.

18. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 525-40, 545; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), I, 548, 730-45; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 9, 646-48; CPP, “Priobretenie sobstvennosti,” 221-30.

19. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 122-23, 146, 171-72; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 82, 521; CPP, “Mestnoe naselenie Rossii,” Russkii vestnik, XL (1862), 5-34; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 5-6, 17-18, 157-58, 167-77, 325-27, 371-78, 530-31; A. N. Kulomzin (editor), Istoricheskii obzor deiatel’nosti Komiteta Ministrov (St. Petersburg, 1902–1903), IV, 390, 414-15; MDLL, Catherine Tiutchev letter to CPP, July 28, 1881.

20. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 179; CPP, Novum Regnum, 603-605, 1067-1068; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1873), I, 21-31; (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 75-81, 245-46, 418-52, 589-600; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), III, 431-33, 562-76; CPP, “O zhalobakh na deistviia dolzhnostnykh lits,” 7-11; CPP, “Veshchnyi kredit,” 427-40; CPP, “Mestnoe naselenie Rossii,” 5-34, especially 26-27.

21. CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 393-413, 593-94; (fourth edition, St. Petersburg, 1896), III, 409-414, 538-40; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’ (fifth edition, Moscow, 1903), I, 20-21; CPP and Babst, Pis’ma, 7-20; Theodore H. von Laue, “Tsarist Labor Policy, 1895–1903,” Journal of Modern History, XXXIV (1962), 138-39; von Laue, “Die Revolution von aussen als erste Phase der russischen Revolution von 1917,” Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, IV (1956), 149; Ivan Kh. Ozerov, Politika po rabochemu voprosu v Rossii za poslednye gody (Moscow, 1906), 146-53; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, January 23, 1876.

XIII. Russia and the West

1. Abel Mansuy, Le Monde slav et les classiques français au XVIe-XVIIe siècles (Paris, 1912), 1-2; Emile Haumant, La Culture française en Russie, 1700–1900 (Paris, 1913), 11-68, 130-319; Renato Poggioli, The Poets of Russia, 1890–1930 (Cambridge, Mass., 1960), 9-13; Mikhail Shtrange, La Révolution française et la société russe (Moscow, 1960), 47-48, 53, 66, 77-86, 183-85.

2. Wladimir Weidlé, Russia: Absent and Present (New York, 1952), 48-49; B. H. Sumner, Peter the Great and the Emergence of Russia (New York, 1962), 5, 84, 190; Sumner, A Short History of Russia (New York, 1943), 331.

3. Stepan S. Volk, “Dekabristy o burzhuaznom Zapade,” Izvestiia. Akademiia Nauk SSSR. Seriia istorii i filosofii, VII (1951), 78-81; A. Molok, “Tsarskaia Rossiia i iiul’skaia revoliutsiia 1830 g.,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 29-30 (1937), 734-40, 750-55; Sidney Monas, The Third Section. Police and Society in Russia under Nicholas I (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), 135-40, 190-96; Alexander von Schelting, Russland und Europa im russischen Geschichtsdenken (Bern, 1948), 25-26, 319; B. H. Sumner, “Russia and Europe,” Oxford Slavonic Papers, II (1951), 4; Haumant, La Culture française, 69-118, 320-403; Poggioli, The Poets of Russia, 43-45.

4. Albert Gratieux, A. S. Khomiakov et le mouvement Slavophile (Paris, 1939), I, 115-26; II, 33-34; William J. Birkbeck, Russia and the English Church in the Last Fifty Years (London, 1895), xxv; Serge Bolshakoff, Russian Nonconformity (Philadelphia, 1950), 8-18, 110-12.

5. Quoted by Nicholas Riasanovsky, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1952), 108.

6. Kyra Sanine, Les Annales de la patrie et la diffusion de la pensée française en Russie, 1868–1884 (Paris, 1953), 12, 45-46; Herbert Bowman, Vissarion Belinski, 1811–1848 (Cambridge, Mass., 1954), 37-38, 141, 145-46; Vasilii V. Zenkovsky, Russian Thinkers and Europe (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1953), 27-32; Iurii F. Samarin, Sochineniia (Moscow, 1911), I, 394; Pavel V. Annenkov, Literaturnye vospominaniia (Moscow, 1960), 291; Ivan S. Aksakov, Biografiia Fedora Ivanovicha Tiutcheva (Moscow, 1886), 240-45; Riasanovsky, Russia and the West, 29-33, 100-108; Weidlé, Russia: Absent and Present, 2, 56; Poggioli, The Poets of Russia, 33-35; Haumant, La Culture française, 417-32, 472-83.

7. Alexander Herzen, Memoirs. My Past and Thoughts (London, 1924–27),I, 50-54; Martin Malia, Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism, 1812–1855 (Cambridge, Mass., 1961), 9-37.

8. Alexander Herzen, Pis’ma iz Frantsii i Italii, 1847–1852 (Moscow-Leningrad, 1934), 284; Franco Venturi, Roots of Revolution (New York, 1960), 1-35; Sanine, Les Annales de la patrie, 28-30, 35-37, 100-102; Haumant, La Culture française, 359; Malia, Herzen, 99-133, 313-68; Zenkovsky, Russian Thinkers and Europe, 62-67.

9. Sergei Tatishchev (S. Nevedenskii, pseud.), Katkov i ego vremia (St. Petersburg, 1888), 323, 403; Marc Raeff, “A Reactionary Liberal: M. N. Katkov,” Russian Review, XI (1952), 160-67; B. H. Sumner, Russia and the Balkans, 1870–1880 (Oxford, 1937), 37-43; Aksakov, Biografiia Tiutcheva, 318.

10. Ernest J. Simmons, Dostoevsky. The Making of a Novelist (New York, 1962), 289-90, 319-32; Riasanovsky, Russia and the West, 206-207; Haumant, La Culture française, 437-39, 461-62, 489-90.

11. William L. Langer, The Franco-Russian Alliance, 1890–1894 (Cambridge, Mass., 1929), 10, 90-92, 253-55, 270-71; Haumant, La Culture française, 422, 442; Zenkovsky, Russian Thinkers and Europe, 120, 126, 197.

12. CPP, Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Aleksandru III (Moscow, 1925–26), I, 10, 18, 31-32, 36, 38, 196-97, 277-78, 403; II, 53; CPP, K. P. Pobedonostsev i ego korrespondenty. Pis’ma i zapiski. Novum Regnum (Moscow, 1923), 1014-1016; “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva k E. M. Feoktistovu,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 22-24 (1935), 528, 542; Alexander A. Polovtsev, “Dnevnik,” KA, III (1923), 94-96. Pobedonostsev’s correspondence contains frequent references to his reading and to his travel.

13. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 249, 285-88, 354; II, 83-84, 112-17, 229-34, 240-51, 255-56; CPP (editor), “Pis’ma I. I. Lazhechnikova k S. P. i K. P. Pobedonostsevym,” Russkoe obozrenie, XXXII (1895), 881; Sergei A. Petrovskii (editor), “Pis’ma K. P. Pobedonostseva preosviashchennomu Illarionu, arkhiepiskopu Poltavskomu,” RA, LIV (1916), 131, 369-71; Vladimir S. Markov, K istorii raskola-staroobriadchestva vtoroi poloviny XIX stoletiia. Perepiska prof. N. I. Subbotina (Moscow, 1915), 188, 458, 461, 484; Vasilii V. Rozanov (editor), “Iz perepiski S. A. Rachinskago,” Russkii vestnik, CCLXXXI (1902), 622-23; Rose J. Birkbeck, Life and Letters of W. J. Birkbeck (London, 1922), 29, 111-16; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 14, 1869; October 23, 1871; August 11, 1875.

14. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 293-95; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 65-68; II, 292-94; CPP, Uchenie i uchitel’. Pedagogicheskiia zametki (Moscow, 1904), II, 40; General Hans von Schweinitz, Denkwürdigkeiten des Botschafters General v. Schweinitz (Berlin, 1927), II, 395; Louise Creighton, Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton (London, 1904), II, 155; Claude G. Bowers, Beveridge and the Progressive Era (Cambridge, Mass.,1932), 147-48; France, Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Documents diplomatiques français, 1871–1914 (Paris, 1929–51), second series, I, 648; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 26, 1875; January 25, November 4, 1877; February 23, 1878;’CPP letters to Olga Novikov, January 28, October 11, 1877; November 21, 1891; October 23, November 20, 1892.

15. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 53-55, 111, 125, 159-63, 167-79, 188-94, 208; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I 273-75; II, 292-94; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 263, 723-27; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 12, 14, 85-87; Kurs grazhdanskago prava. Ukazateli i prilozheniia (St. Petersburg, 1896), 110; CPP, “Knizhnyia zagranichnyia vesti o Rossii,” RA, IV (1866), 260-62; CPP, “Iz Londona,” Grazhdanin, Number 27, July 2, 1873, 751-52; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 531, 540; Viscount Eugène de Vogüé, Les Routes (Paris, 1910), 136; Alexander A. Polovtsev, Dnevnik gosudarstvennago sekretaria A. A. Polovtsova (Moscow, 1966), II, 102; Birkbeck, Life and Letters, 151-52, 169-70; Creighton, Life and Letters, II, 155, 250-51; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, November 30, 1868; November 20, 1875; November 4, November 25, 1877; February 23, November 30, 1880; March 4, 1882; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, December 3, December 25, 1876; September 6, 1882; June 24, July 20, 1885; January 11, November 26, 1889; July 3, October 15, 1891; October 23, 1892; June 24, 1894; November 3, 1896; September 3, 1898; March 30, 1900.

16. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 31-32; CPP, Novum Regnum, 975; CPP (translator), Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Dela i dni,” in Skladchina; literaturnyi sbornik (St. Petersburg, 1874), 217; Jeremiah Curtin, Memoirs (Madison, Wis., 1940), 467-68, 486-87, 775-76, 781; Andrew D. White, “A Statesman of Russia: Constantine Pobedonostzeff,” Century Magazine, LVI (1898), 114-15; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, December 5, 1870; March 11, 1874; June 22, 1876; September 30, 1877; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, March 2, 1877; November 21, 1891; February 13, November 20, 1892.

17. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 176-78; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 713-14, 721-30; (first edition, St. Petersburg, 1880), III, 121, 171, 580-82; Baron Alexander E. Nolde, K. P. Pobedonostsev i sudebnaia reforma (Petrograd, 1915), 13-14; Norman Douglas, Looking Back. An Autobiographical Excursion (New York,1933), 62; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, December 24, 1863; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, September 5, 1875; September 6, September 20, September 27, 1876; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, April 21, 1894; March 30, 1900.

18. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (fourth edition, Moscow, 1897), 260; CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 510; CPP, Kurs grazhdanskago prava (third edition, St. Petersburg, 1883), I, 426, 714, 727-28; (second edition, St. Petersburg, 1875), II, 8; CPP, Moskovskiia vospominaniia. V. P. Zubkov (Moscow, 1904), 11-12; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 553; Polovtsov, Dnevnik, I, 349, 530; II, 271; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, December 11, 1875; March 15, May 25, 1876; June 15, 1878; October 4, 1879; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, January 11, 1889; December 23, 1893.

19. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 8-9, 16-17, 38, 403; CPP, ‘‘Iz Londona,” 750-51; MDLL, CPP letters to Anna Tiutchev, November 8, 1864; October 20, 1868; CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 18, 1868; February 25, 1869; April 29, August 14, 1873.

20. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, I, 29, 42-46; II, 83, 182, 188; CPP, Novum Regnum, 313-15, 824-28, 1084; “Pis’ma Pobedonostseva k Feoktistovu,” 529; Hermann Dalton, Lebenserinnerungen (Berlin, 1906–1908), III, 154; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, June 12, 1874; August 11, September 5, September 21, 1875; June 22, July 6, 1876; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, August 4, 1897; June 14, 1900; May 3, 1902.

21. Institut de France. Académie des sciences morales et politiques, Séances et travaux, CXXXI (1889), 359-60; CIL (1898), 418, 703-705; Institut de France, Annuaire pour 1889 (Paris, 1889), 89-90; Birkbeck, Life and Letters, 111; MDLL, CPP draft letter to Académie des sciences morales et politiques, 1892; Jules Simon letter to CPP, March 22, 1892.

22. CPP, Pis’ma k Aleksandru III, II, 316-17; Birkbeck, Life and Letters, 110-15; MDLL, CPP letter to Catherine Tiutchev, October 10, 1875; CPP letter to Olga Novikov, November 3, 1896.

23. CPP, “Vestminsterskoe abbatstvo,” Grazhdanin, Number 32, August 6, 1873, 870-73; CPP, “Protivorechiia v anglikanskoi tserkvi,” Grazhdanin, Number 34, August 20, 1873, 921-23; CPP, “Irvingity v Londone. Deisty i unitarii v Londone,” Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 949-51; CPP, “Vorovskii uzhin,” Grazhdanin, Number 36, September 3, 1873, 974-76; CPP, “Iz Londona,” 750-51; Leonid Grossman, “Dostoevskii i pravitel’stvennye krugi 1870-kh godov,” Literaturnoe nasledstvo, Number 15 (1934), 124-25; Birkbeck, Life and Letters, 114; MDLL, CPP letters to Catherine Tiutchev, October 23, 1871; July 11, 1875.

24. Quoted by E. H. Carr, in “ ‘Russia and Europe’ as a Theme of Russian History,” in Richard Pares and A. J. P. Taylor (editors), Essays Presented to Sir Lewis Namier (London, 1956), 362.

25. Frederick C. Barghoorn, “Some Russian Images of the West,” in Cyril E. Black (editor), The Transformation of Russian Society (Cambridge, Mass., 1960), 575-78; Riasanovsky, Russia and the West, 78-80; Sumner, “Russia and Europe,” 1-3; Weidlé, Russia: Absent and Present, 2.

26. CPP, Moskovskii sbornik (third edition, Moscow, 1896), 55-56, 157-73; (fourth edition, Moscow, 1897), 50-54; (fifth edition, Moscow, 1901), 54-57; CPP, “K voprosu v vozsoedinenei tserkvei,” Grazhdanin, Number 33, August 13, 1873, 893-96; CPP, “Kritika i bibliografiia. Svoboda, ravenstvo i bratstvo,” Grazhdanin, Number 35, August 27, 1873, 958-62; Number 36, September 3, 1873, 976-79; Number 37, September 10, 1873, 1007-1010; CPP, “Lionskiia grazhdanskiia pokhorony. V protestanskikh khramakh,” Grazhdanin, Number 31, July 30, 1873, 848-49; CPP (translator), Vseobshchaia podacha golosov (Suffrage Universel) (St. Petersburg, 1906), especially 5-23, 34-37, 57-64; Adolphe Prins, De l’esprit du gouvernement démocratique. Essai de science politique (Brussels, 1905), 159-232; Nicholas I. Ilminskii, Pis’ma Nikolaia Ivanovicha Ilminskago k ober-prokuroru Sviateishago sinoda Konstantinu Petrovichu Pobedonostsevu (Kazan, 1895), 34-36; MDLL, CPP letter to Anna Tiutchev, November 8, 1864; CPP letters to Olga Novikov, December 3, 1876; December 21, 1881; October 10, October 28, 1891; CPP letters to Count Dmitrii A. Tolstoy, February 24, March 12, 1883; Sergei A. Rachinskii letter to CPP, January 13, 1894.

27. von Schelting, Russland und Europa, 14.

28. Venturi, Roots of Revolution, passim.