Index

alienation concept: 21–22,32,67, 130, 139–40, 299n.41; explained, 70–74, 80; political, 110–12, 126–27; a tool of social analysis, 129, 132; in Stalinist society, 130–32

automation, 305n.20

Avineri, Shlomo, 295n. 117

Axelos, Kostas, 53

Ayer, A. J” 53

Babić, Ivan, 39

Baće, Makso, 42

Bakarić, Vladimir, 206–7

Bakunin, Mikhail, 133, 307n.27

Balbus, Isaac D., 299n.43

banks, 176

Baumann, Zygmunt, 53, 212

Belgrade Eight, 226–32, 237, 239

Belgrade University, 223–24, 226–32

Bernstein, Eduard, 62

Birnbaum, Norman, 53

Bled Conference, 1960, 32–37, 27gn.6o, 28on.69

Bloch, Ernst, 53, 55, 65, 74, 79, 80, 126, 189, 289n.13, 290n.58

Bonauld, de, 97, 123

Bottomore, Thomas, 53

Bošnjak, Branko, 52, 106, 217, 237–38

Brioni Plenum, 1966, 206, 207, 302n.76

Brombert, Victor, 204, 269

Bukharin, Nikolai I., 133

bureaucracy: 7–8, 91, 113, 115, 140, 300n.52; genesis of, 9, 135–36; and charismatic leaders, 135, 147, 148–49, 150; and workers' groups, 153, 154; Yugoslav, 154, 164, 167, 204, 265–66

Čaldarović, Mladen, 212

Calvez, Jean Y., 60

capitalism, 8, 166

Chalidze, Valeii N., 249

charismatic leaders, 135, 147–50, 300n.50, 303n.82

Chesnokov, D. I., 294n.103

class consciousness, 63

class divisions, 8, 139, 141–42, 144–45, 182, 184, 30m.69, 312n.76

closed society, 187–88ff

cognition, 93, 292n.87

collective ownership, 143–44

Cominform break, 1948, 4–5, 69

commodity fetishism, 63–64, 70, 129

communist party, 134

Communist Party of Yugoslavia, xv, 4–5, 10–11, 13, 39, 145–46, 302n.77 ; see also League of Communists of Yugoslavia

Communist Party USSR: 8–9, 132–33ff; Tenth Party Congress, 1921, 135, 137, 153; Thirteenth Party Congress, 1924, 138

community, principle of, 116–19, 120, 132

computers, 259

Comte, Auguste, 97

Čosić, Dobrica, 238, 239

crisis leadership, 303n.83

criticism: 192, 204; goal of Praxis, xii, 56–58, 60, 197–98, 252, 258, 324n.27, 325n.44; Marx's view, xii, 57, 58; LCY view, 3, 30, 43–44; and philosophy, 57–61, 105; and intelligentsia, 245–46, 249

Croatia, 179, 180

Croatian nationalism, 181–82, 183, 185, 219–20, 225, 28on.69, 31on.61, 311n.75, 313n.7

Croatian Philosophical Society, 32, 45, 205, 208, 284n.101

Cvjetičanin, Veljko, 284n.99

Czechoslavakia, 188, 190

Dabčević-Kučar, Savka, 198, 219, 220, 313n.7

Dahl, Robert, 298n.24

Daniels, Robert, 138

Debenjak, Božidar, 279n.60

De Bonauld, 97, 123

Deborin, Abram M., 20

decentralization, 164–65, 307n.27

Dedijer, Vladimir, 5

De Maistre, Joseph, 97, 123

democratic centralism, 39–40, 43

dialectic, 89, 99

dialectic, Hegelian, 3, 60, 65, 87–88

dialectical materialism, 16, 18, 30, 33–34. 89, 92–99, 243. 276n.33

dialectic of dissent, xiii, xvii

diamat; see dialectical materialism Dijalektiha [periodical], 37, 28on.69

Djilas, Milovan: 5–6, 7, 8, 9, 18, 27–28, 29. 142, 257, 275n.18, 276n.33

Djodan, Sime, 3 10n.61

Djurić, Mihailo, 216–17, 223–24, 227, 318n.59

Dobson, Richard B., 245–46, 249

Dolanc, Stane, 229–30

Dunn, William J., 256, 304

Dutschke, Rudi, 124

economic planning, 168–70

economic reforms, 1965, 167–68, 170, 175-77

economism, 171

efficiency as a goal, 247–48

egalitarianism, 162, 306n.24

Eighth Party Congress, 1964, 39–40, 41–44

elite, 134, 300n.50

elite theory, 121–23, 139

Engels, Friedrich, 34, 89–93, 290n.42, 292n.81, 292n.83, 292n.90

existentialism, 21, 60, 66, 73–74

fascism, 139

Fejtö, François, 206–7, 247

Feuerbach, Ludwig A., 59, 76

Filipović, Vladimir, 53

Filosofija [periodical], 37–38, 284n.101

Franck, Jozef, 25

Fromm, Erich, 53

Gay, Peter, 255

Giachetti, Romano, 63

Goldmann, Lucien, 53, 215

Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 168

Gorky, Maksim, 238

Gorz, André, 53

Gramsci, Antonio, 62, 63, 106, 128, 196, 258, 286n.11, 311n.73

Grlić, Danko: 52, 66, 83, 254, 265, 323n.22; on Marxism, 56, 68; and Nietzsche, 82–83, 291n.60; on praxis, 81–82, 84; on nationalism, 184–85, 311n.73, 311n.76

group ownership, 165–66, 307n.31

Habermas, Durgen, 53

Hegel, Georg W. F.: 103; and Marx, 30, 32, 59, 60, 65, 80, 88, 100, 114–15, 286n.11; and Stalinism, 65, 86–87, 132

Hegelian dialectic, 30, 60, 65, 87–88

hegemonism, 7, 274n.14

Heidegger, Martin, 66, 74, 286n.14

Heller, Agnes, 53, 190

historical materialism, 16, 96

history, 77

Hobbes, Thomas, 121–22, 165

Hoffman, George W., 4–5, 13

Hoffman, Stanley, 303n.83

human nature, 75–76, 288n.37

humanism of Marx, 18, 20–21,32,67, 88

idealism, 64–65

ideology, 58, 196

imperialism, 7, 275n.14

Indjić, Trivo, 218, 225, 226, 231

institutions and alienation, 125–27, 131

intelligentsia: xiv, 14–15, 244–45ff, 266, 267–68, 323n.18; humanist, 43, 248–52

Ivanova, V. M., 98–99

Ivanović, Dragiša, 278n.48

Jakšić, Božidar, 218, 227, 302n.76

Jeremić, Dragan, 33

Johnson, A. Ross, 6

Jordan, Z. A., 294n.98

journals: 27–28, 37–39, 51, 199, 235, 280n.69, 281n.72, 282n.87, 320n.78; and dissent, xiv-xvi, 23, 234, 247,273n.8; see also Dijalektica; Filosofija; Nose Teme; Nava Misao; Perspehtive; Pogledi; Praxis

Kangrga, Milan: 52, 55, 66, 206; on theory of reflection, 33–34, 292n.83; on alienation, 71, 80–81; on praxis, 79–81, 290n.58; on new middle class, 175–76, 219, 310n.64; on nationalism, 182, 219; on self-management, 191–92; on criticism, 192, 198; on science, 287n.17; on human nature, 289n.37

Kardelj, Edvard: 28, 313n.11; critique of Soviet Union, 6–8, 18, 278n.15, 304n.6; on class society, 139, 144; criticized Praxis, 199–2ooff; on criticism, 200, 201, 202; on the League of Communists, 232–34

Kavčić, Stane, 226

Kermauner, Taras, 24, 30

Kolakowski, Leszek, xii, 53, 212, 266, 296n.125

Kollantai, Aleksandra, 153, 275n.18

Korać, Veljko, 53, 66, 217, 287n.17

Korčula Summer School, 38, 54–55, 157, 189-go, 196, 215–16, 221, 284n.103

Korsch, Karl, 62, 63, 65

Kosanovič, Ilija, 278n.54

Kosik, Karel, 53, 55, 112–13

Krešić, Andrija: 36, 53, 127; on Stalinism, 132, 135–37, 139- 147. 300n.53

Krleža, Miroslav, xv, 23–24, 28

Kurtović, Todo, 320n.73

Kuusinen, O., 294n.101

Kuvacić, Ivan, 161, 178, 188–89, 237 284n.99, 305n.20

Landshut, Siegfried, 60

leader, cult of the, 147–50, 303n.82, 303n.83

League of Communists of Croatia, 181, 198–99, 206, 212, 220, 222, 224, 313n.15

League of Communists of Serbia, 225–27

League of Communists of Yugoslavia: 176, 210, 320n.73, 320n.78; view of criticism, 3, 30; role, 11–13, 232–33; and democratic centralism, 39–43; campaign against Praxis, 199–2ooff, 204, 206–7; and Belgrade professors, 212–14, 222, 226–32; Party Congress, 6th, 1952, 11–12, 17, 31; 7th, 1958, 3, 6, 12, 31; 8th, 1964, 39–40,41–44; 10th, 1974, 229–30, 320n,73

Le Bon, Gustave, 123 Lefebvre, Henri, 53, 55, 109, 296n.125

Leković, Dragutin, 299n.41 Lenin, V. L: 6, 62, 252, 259, 286n.11; on reflection theory, 93–94, 293n.94; and growth of bureaucracy, 133, 135, 300n.52; and Workers' Opposition, 153, 300n.51

Levi, Albert W., 68, 297n.5

Lipsit, Seymour M., 245–46, 249

Lisinski, Hrvoje, 311n.76

Ljubljana Congress, 1952, 23–24

Ljubljana Program, 1958, 6, 12

Lukács, Georg, 53, 55, 62, 63–65, 84, 89–90, 258

Lukić, Radomir, 172

Luxemburg, Rosa, 62, 258

Maguire, Robert, xiv, 51

Maistre, Joseph de, 97, 123

Malia, Martin, xiv

Mallet, Serge, 53, 55

man as a political animal, 119

man-man relationship, 75, 289n.38

man-nature relationship, 75–77, 89–90, 289n.38, 290n.44

Mann, Thomas, 242

Mannheim, Karl, 252

Marcuse, Herbert, 53, 55, 189

Marin, Ante, 208

market system, 168, 170–71ff

Marković, Mihailo: 16–17, 36, 41, 44, 53, 55, 191,278n.48; critique of Soviet Marxism, 18–19, 20; on theory of reflection, 33–34; on intelligentsia, 42–43; on praxis, 73; on man- nature relation, 90–91,99; on man's relation to the world, 99; on philosophy, 102–3; on politics, 110; on revolution, 128, 188; on the elite, 134, 300n.50; on Soviet class society, 141, 147; on Stalin, 147; on self-management, 157, 159–60, 164, 259–60; on economic planning, 169–70; on market system, 171, 173—74; on statism, 183; on criticism, 197–98; harassment of, 225–27, 231–32; on new society, 270; on science, 286n.17

Marković, Svetozar, xiv

Marx, Karl: 6, 22, 32; on criticism, xii, 56, 57; humanism of, 18, 20–21,32, 67, 88; early works of, 18, 68–69; influence of Hegel on, 30, 32, 60, 65, 87–88, 286m 11; on ideology, 58; on alienation, 70–71, 74; on man as species-being, 74, 85–86; on human nature, 75–76, 288n.37; on man and nature, 75–77, 289n.38, 290n.44; on history, 77; on praxis, 78, 79, 88; on cognition, 93, 292n.87; on philosophy, 100–1, 104, 194; on politics, 110–11, 114–15, 119–20; on socialism, 111, 295n.117; on bureaucracy, 115; on production, 116–17, 2g7n.1o, 305n.20; on civil society, 116–17,118, 120; on community, 116–19; on human freedom, 120; on representation, 120–21; on political aspects of economic relations, 122; on property, 130, 141; on classes of society, 141; on self-management, 151, 152; on the Paris Commune, 152; on nationalism, 178; on man's existence, 293n.92; on competition among workers, 308n.46; on distribution, 309n.46

Marxist education, 223, 261

mass [non-elite], 123–24

Mayer, 60

Medvedev, Roy, 283n.94, 324n.28

Medvedev, Zhores, 250

Meister, Albert, 155–56

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 59–60

Mészáros, István, 131

Mićunović, Dragoljub, 224, 226, 316n.35

middle class, 175–76, 177–78, 219, 310n.64

Mihajlov, Mihajlo, 207–8

Mikecin, Vjekoslav, 31

Milenkovitch, Deborah, 172

Milic, Vojin, 53, 82–83, 224

Milosavleski, Slavko, 226

Mirić, Milan, 187, 267–68, 307n.30

Mitin, M. B., 19, 20, 35

Morawski, 212

Moscow Committee for Human Rights, 249

Muhić, Fuad, 32on.73

multi-party system, 257–58

Naše Teme [periodical], 31, 37–38

nationalism, 177–78ff, 219, 220, 225, 31 in.73, 318n.59; see also Croatian nationalism; Serbian nationalism

nature-man concept, 75–76, 89–90, 289n.38

Neal, Fred W., 4–5, 13

Nedeljković, 279n.6o

negation of negation, 89, 97, 294n.101

Nietzsche, Friedrich W., 82, 83, 291n.6o, 298n.22 nihilism, 83

Nikezić, Marko, 226, 316n.42

Nova Misao [periodical], 27–28

Novi Sad Symposium, 1964, 40–41

Obradović, Josip, 306n.22

ownership: private, 130, 140–41; collective, 143–44; group. 165–66, 307n.31

Pace, Enzo, 53

Paris Commune, 151–52, 157

Parsons, Howard, 66

Partisans, 4, 145, 274n.1, 302n.77

Party Congress; see Communist Party USSR; League of Communists of Yugoslavia

Pavelić, Ante, 183

peasants, 302n.76

Pečujlić, Miroslav, 139–40, 144

Pejović, Danilo, 15, 52, 207, 208, 276n.31

periodicals; see journals

Perović, Latinka, 226

personality cult, 135, 147–50,300n.50, 303n.82

Perspektive [periodical], 38, 281n.71

Pesić-Golubović, Zagorka: 22, 53, 216; on bureaucracy, 164; harassment of, 224, 225, 235; on human nature, 289n.37; on group ownership, 307n.31

Petöfi Circle, 37, 249

Petrović, Gajo: 17, 36, 39, 65–66, 206, 212, 235–36; 286n.14, 316n.35; critique of Soviet philosophy, 18, 19–20, 69, 96–97; on Marxism, 22–23; and Praxis, 29,45–46,52–53, 254, 264; on socialism, 46; on aliena- tion, 70, 72, 74, 281n.79; on praxis, 72–73; on natural laws, 76; on reflection theory, 92, 279n.66, 286n.14; on philosophy, 102–7; on political alienation, 127; on socialist society, 129

philosophes, French, 255

philosophy: 46–47, 61, 100–1ff; and praxis, 103–6; and politics, 107–9, 237–38

Pijade, Moša, 6

Pirjevec, Dušan, 38

planning, economic, 168–70

Pogledi [periodical]; 18, 24–25ff, 31; contributors, 26

Popov, Nebojša: 192, 252; on bureaucracy, 146, 302n.77; on strikes, 190, 218; harassment of, 224, 226, 235

Popović, Kuča, 226

power, concept of, 121–23, 203' 298n.22, 298n.24

praxis theory, 34, 67, 71, 72–73, 75–79. 286n.11, 294m 103, 295n.117

Praxis [periodical]: 193, 239–40; purpose, xvi, 11,45–46, 48, 55–56, 197, 209, 263–65, 325n.44, 325n.45; Editorial Board, 45, 52–54, 216–18, 224, 236–37, 254–55, 284n.101; financial support, 45, 205–6, 221, 314n.22; an institution of criticism, 48, 193, 196–97, 254–55; considered to be an opposition movement, 48–49, 214–15, 243; editions, format, 49–51, 53, 283n.96, 284n.101, 314n.22; contributors, 51, 218; Advisory Council, 53; criticized, 198–202, 204–5, 206–8, 212–13, 226; and student movement, 215–16; official attempts to suppress, 219–20, 224–25, 317n.51; circulation, 240, 264; impact, 264–66; see also Praxis Marxists

Praxis Marxists: on philosophy, 46–47, 100, 186; reason for Praxis, 46–49; and Korčula Summer School, 54–55. 157; on criticism, 57–58; reexamination of Marxism, 59–61, 65ff; diversity, 66–67; on praxis and alienation, 67–68, 75–79; on Marx's humanism, 67, 70; on Stalinist Marxism, 87, 97; criticized by Soviet philosophers, 97–99; on philosophy and politics, 107–8, 117; on political alienation, 111–12, 129, 203–4; on institutionalization, 125; on socialism, 128; use alienation as a tool of social analysis, 129, 132; critique of Stalinism, 132–34, 141–42, 147, 150; on Stalinism, 132–34,141–42, 147, 150; on Stalinism in Yugoslavia, 145–46; on self-management, 157–58, 168, 258–59; on economic planning, 168–69; °n market system, 170–72, 175; on nationalism, 177–78, 180–83, 185; accusations against, 186, 233; on future of Yugoslavia, 187, 190, 193; criticized, 199–200, 201, 206; and student movement, 211–12, 214–16; Tito's complaints against, 213–15; harassment of, 212–13ff, 224–25ff, 235–36, 316n.42, 32on-73; on efficiency, 247; political program, 256–58;

Party membership, 258

praxisovci, 213, 216, 225, 240

praxisti, 195

private ownership, 130, 140–41

proletariat, 62–63, 116, 125, 190–92

Proudhon, Pierre J., 59, 166, 307n.26, 317n.27

Prucha, Milan, 66–67

public opinion, 123–24, 125, 128

Puhovski, Žarko, 183, 218, 258, 284n.99

Rakovsky, Christian G., 275n.18

Ranković, Aleksandar, 28, 43, 146, 206, 207

reflection theory, 32–37, 92, 93–95, 279n.61, 279n.66, 28on.69, 293n-94

representation concept, 120–21

revolution: permanent, 128; phases of, 128, 299n.37; degeneration of, 134.138

Riazanov, D. K., 69

Ribar, Veljko, 33

Riesman, David, 53

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 106, 290n..44, 296n.123, 297n.7

Rus, Veljko, 38, 53, 55, 160, 161–63, 305n.17

Rus, Vojan, 235

Sakharov, Andrei D., 249, 250

Sarajevo Conference, 1959, 32

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 15–16, 21, 60, 253, 323n. 15

Schaff, Adam, 73

Schliapnikov, Aleksandr G., 300n.51

Schöpflin, George, 181–82

science, 89, 249–50, 286n.17, 292n.81

Second International, 1889, 62

self-management: 10, 126, 153–54ff, 188, 304n.6; in Party, 40–41; extended to social sector, 155, 278n.50; supported by Praxis Marxists, 258–59, 314n. 12; and bureaucrats, 158–59; workers' participation, 160–62, 190, 192; decentralization, 164–65

Serbian nationalism, 224, 311n.75

Šešić, Bogdan, 33, 35, 28on.69, 317n.54

Seventh Party Congress, 1958, 3, 6, 12, 31

Sixth Party Congress, 1952, 11–12, 17, 31

Skerlić, Jovan, xv

Slovenia, 179

social science, 261–62, 325n.39

socialism: 46, 118, 120, 125, 126, 128–29, 130; future of, 187–89, 190, 192

socialist culture, 14, 261–62, 269

Socrates, 238

Stalin, Joseph, 6, 9, 69, 95–96, 276n.33, 293n.98

Stalinism, 16, 132–33ff, 137, 138ff, 150

Stalinist Marxism, 16, 18, 70, 86, 87, 95–99. 130, 132. 137–38. 276n.33

Stambolić, Petar, 27

Stanković, Sinisa, 37

statism, 134, 142–43, 183, 275n.11

stock certificates, 210, 315n.32

Stojanović, Svetozar: 33, 39–41, 53, 55, 225, 226, 235, 282n.83, 282n.87; on self-government, 125–26, 156, 165–67, 187; on limitations of setting goals, 129–30; on Stalinism, 133–35, 142–43; on statism, 142–44, 275n. 11; on Stalinist origin of LCY, 145–46; on charismatic leaders, 148–49; on market system, 170, 172–73; on the student movement, 218, 318n.54; on multi-party system, 256–57

Stojković, Andrija, 33, 37, 28on.69

strikes, 190–91, 192

students: 215–16, 228, 231; demonstrations, 209–15, 220, 229, 284n.96, 31on.61, 315n.32, 318n.54

Supek, Rudi: 22, 24–25, 39, 54, 300n.51, 304n.10, 308n.33, 323n.22; on socialist culture, 14, 26–27, 26I; and Praxis, 29, 52, 208, 236–37; on theory of reflection, 35; on alienation, 85–86, 97, 277n.42; on Stalinism, 86–87, 971 on philosophy, 101; on community, .117; on man as a political animal, 119; on institutionalization, 125; on self-management, 160–61, 166, 187–88, 278n.50, 305n.20, 319n.52; on market system, 174; on economic reforms, 175–76; on nationalism, 180–81, 183–84, 186; on socialism, 189; on Marxism, 194–96; and students, 215–16; on intelligentsia, 245, 250–51; on social consciousness, 260–61

Suvar, Stipe, 220, 221

syndicalism, 152

Tadic, Ljubomir: 40–41, 53, 183, 217, 225, 226, 261; on criticism, 44, 204; on nature of authority, 110; on community, 118; on elite theory, 121–23; on public opinion, 124–25, 307n.26; on direct democracy, 124; on self-management, 126, 157–58; on socialism, 125, 128, 270–71; on Stalinism, 133, 137, 138, 147–48; on intelligentsia, 248; on technique and science, 249; opposed multi-party system, 256, 257; on nationalism, 311n.73

Tenth Party Congress, 1974, 229–30, 32on.73

Tenth Party Congress, USSR, 1921, 135, 137, 153

Tepavac, Mirko, 226

Thirteenth Party Congress, USSR, 1924, 138

Tito, Josip Broz: xv, 4, 148, 153–54, 223, 226, 232, 241; and student movement, 210–11, 213; and Praxis Marxists, 213–15, 222, 314n.26

totalitarian society, 138–39

totality, category of, 64, 84–87

trade unions, 152, 153

Tripala, Mika: on Praxis, 48–49, 198–99, 265, 314n.15; and Croatian nationalism, 181–82, 183, 219, 220, 313n.7

Trotsky, Leon, 8, 135, 147, 275n.18, 300n.56, 301n.69

Tucker, Robert C., 122, 287n.21

Tverdokhlebov, Andrei N., 249, 250

Union of Writers of Yugoslavia, 23–24

universities, and intelligentsia, 244–46

utopian socialists, 151

Vajda, Mihály, 131

vanguard party, 62, 94, 133, 134, 145

Veselica, Marko, 310n.61, 316n.35

Vlahović, Veljko, 40–41, 43, 299n.41

Voltaire, François, 57

Vracar, Stephen, 218

Vranicki, Predrag: 18, 21, 52, 221, 258; on Marxism, 9; on praxis, 79, 85; on the dialectic, 99; on political alienation, 126–27; on Stalinist society, 130–31, 138, 147; on Lenin, 133; on financial institutions, 176–77

Vrnja1čka, Banja, 41

Weber, Max, 132, 303n.82

Wetter, Gustav A., 294n.101

Wolin, Sheldon, 47, 114

Wolff, Kurt, 53

workers' councils, 152–53, 155

Workers' Opposition, 135, 153, 300n-51

workers' self-management, 10, 126, 153—54; see also self-management

working class, 62–63, 116, 141, 190–92

Yudin, Pavel F., 20

Yugoslav Association for Philosophy and Sociology, 32

Yugoslav Constitution, 219, 223, 266, 318n.59

Yugoslav Philosophical Association, 284n.101

Yugoslav revolution, 3–11, 145–46, 302n.77

Zagreb Conference, 1959, 32

Zagreb University, 221

Zanardo, Aldo, 53

Ziherl, 8, 44, 235

Životić, Miladin: 22, 53, 55, 66, 216, 2 17, 225, 226; on totality, 84–85; on bureaucracy, 91–92, 265; on historical materialism, 95; on philosophy and politics, 107–8; on equal pay for equal work, 172; on nationalism, 180; on a society founded on science, 250; on the Stalinist dialectic, 293n-98

Zogović, Radovan, 23, 24

Županov, Josip, 173, 174, 306n.24