BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY

The major source for this volume has been my experience with the Inter-University Committee from 1956 until May 1969. I also benefited greatly from my relationships over those years with the ACLS, the Foreign Area Fellowship Program, the Ford Foundation, and the National Academy of Sciences. I have had many long talks with those Americans who studied in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, with participants in all the varied exchange programs, with officials of our government and of the Soviet government, and with those who have helped administer the responsible British and German organizations. I have discussed academic and cultural exchanges on many campuses in this country and in Western and Eastern Europe, and I have attended countless national and international conferences devoted to Soviet-American relations in general and to this aspect in particular.

Two conferences have proved especially helpful. One, in Suffern, New York, in 1964, brought together those who directed academic exchange programs in all the countries of Western Europe. Another, in Salzburg in November 1973, which Indiana University and the United States Information Agency together organized, provided quantities of information and insight from a number of those responsible for exchange programs in nine Western countries, as well as specialists on exchanges in fields such as medicine, journalism, radio and television, music, film, and religion. The papers and discussions from this second conference have been especially valuable.

Docimentary materials were most important sources. I have reviewed carefully the voluminous records of the Inter-University Committee, which included applications; reports of participants; correspondence; Committee reports to the universities, the Ford Foundation, and the Department of State; and records of the meetings, large and small, that the Committee held or in which any of its representatives participated.

I have also studied carefully the published annual reports of IREX, the ACLS, the Ford Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Canada Council, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy’s News Reports, the annual reports of its Foreign Secretary, and the analyses of participants' reports that its Office of International Relations made available have provided important information concerning the principal program for exchanging scientists and scientific information. The National Academy of Sciences has also served as the base for the Committee on Scholarly Communications with the People’s Republic of China, which is appointed also by the ACLS and the SSRC. This Committee’s reports, especially the China Exchange Newsletter, have provided substantial information concerning scholarly visits to China and efforts to establish an academic exchange program with that country.

The Department of State’s publications constituted an immensely important source. Its Bulletin provided the text of all agreements and notes exchanged, as well as important policy statements by leading officials and statistical information concerning the Department’s other exchange programs and activities. The Department’s annual reports to the Congress, published by the Soviet and East European Exchanges Staff, by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, or by the Bureau of Public Affairs, contain the basic statistical information concerning its exchange programs. The Embassies of West European states in Washington provided copies of their exchange agreements with the Soviet Union and the countries of Eastern Europe.

The Department of Health published annual reports of its own exchanges as well as occasional reports of its delegations.

Two journals, the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and Science, which is published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, have been especially valuable, particularly on Pugwash and on exchanges involving scientists. The New York Times and the Christian Science Monitor have devoted more attention to exchanges than other American newspapers, and Newsweek has been the principal weekly journal source. I have consistently read Pravda through these years and have used the invaluable Current Digest of the Soviet Press, published by the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies, for information from other Soviet journals and newspapers. I have also scoured the principal professional journals interested in Russian and Eastern European studies and in international affairs, as well as important Soviet journals, such as Voprosy istorii.

PRINCIPAL BOOKS AND ARTICLES

I. Soviet-American Relations

A vast literature in several languages on this subject includes a large number of immensely useful volumes. I list here a few of those most valuable for this study: Charles E. Bohlen, The Transformation of American Foreign Policy (New York, 1969), 130 pp.; John C. Campbell, American Policy Toward Communist Eastern Europe: The Choices Ahead (Minneapolis, 1965), 136 pp.; Josef Korbel, Detente in Europe: Real or Imaginary? (Princeton, 1973), 302 pp.; Bennett Kovrig, The Myth of Liberation. East-Central Europe in U. S. Diplomacy and Politics Since 1941 (Baltimore, 1973), 350 pp.; Anatol Rapoport, The United States and the Soviet Union. Perceptions of Soviet-American Relations Since Wold War II (New York, 1970), 256 pp; Marshall Shulman, Beyond the Cold War (New Haven, 1966), 112 pp; Anthony C. Sutton’s three-volume Weetern Technology and Soviet Economic Development, 1917-1965 (Stanford, 1968-73); Adam B. Ulam, Expansion and Coexistence. The History of Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917-1967 (New York, 1968), 775 pp.; Adam B. Ulam, The Rivals. Aideica and Russia Since Wold War I (New York, 1972), 405 pp.; William Zimmerman, Soviet Perspectives on International Relations, 19561967 (Princeton, 1969), 336 pp.

II. Negooiating with the Russians

Charles E. Bohlen, Witness to History, 1929-1969 (New York, 1973), 562 pp.; Raymond Dennett and Joseph E. Johnson, eds., Negotiating with the Russians (Boston, 1959), 310 pp.; Admiral C. Turner Joy, How Communists Negotiat (Santa Monica, 1970), 180 pp.; George F. Kennan, Memmirs: 1925-1950 (Boston, 1967), 582 pp.; George F. Kerman, Memoirs: 1950-1963 (Boston, 1972), 368 pp.

III. Russian and East European Studies Programs

A. American and Canadian

Arthur P. Coleman, Report on the Status of Russian and Other Slavic and East European Languages in the Educational Institutions of the United States, Its Territories, Possessions and Mandates (New York, 1948), 109 pp.; Arthur P. Coleoan, “Slavonic Studies in the United States, 1918-1938,” Slavonic and East European Review, XVII (1938-3!), 372-88; Laing Gray Cowan, A History of the School of International Affairs and Associated Airea Institutes, Columbia University (New York, 1954), 106 pp.; Alexander Gerschenkron, “Study of the Soviet Economy in the U.S.A.,” in Walter Z. Laqueur and Leopold Labedz, eds., The State of Soviet Studies (Cambridge, Mas., 1965), 44-51; Mootioer Graves, “A Memorandum on Regional Studies,” Journal of Higher Education, XIV (NovemOer, 1943), 431-34; Mootioer Graves, “Two Experioents in Education,” Amoeican Scholar, III (1934), 359-60; Ellen McDooald Gumoprz, Internationalizing American Higher Education: Innovation and Structural Change (Berkeley, 1970), 250 pp.; Robert B. Hall, Area Studies (New York, 1947), 90 pp.; O. L. B. Haiidin, International Studies in Canadian university (Ottawa, 1964), 120 pp.; Alex Inkeles, “Clyde KLuckhohn’s Connribution to Studies of Russia and the Soviet Union,” in W. W. Taylor, J. L. Fischer, and E. Z. Vogt, eds., Culture and Life (Carbondale, 1973), 58-70; Charles Jelavich, ed., Language and Area Studies: East Central and Southeastern Europe. A Survey (Chicago, 1969), 496 pp.; Robert J. Kerner, “Slavonic Studies in America,” Slavonic Review, III (1924-25), 243-58; Richard O. Lambert, Language and Area Studies Review (Philadelphia, 1973), 490 pp.; John M. H. Lindbeck, Understanding China. An Assessment of American Scholarly Resources. A Report to the Ford Foundation (New York, 1971), 159 pp.; Clarence A. Manning, History of Slavic Studies in the United States (Milwaukee, 1957), 117 pp.; Albert Parry, America Learns Russian: A History of the Teaching of the Russian Language in the United States (Syracuse, 1967), 205 pp.; Ernest J. Simons, “An America Institute for Slavic Studies,” New York Herald Tribune ((December 30, 1944); Ernest J. Simons, Intensive Study of Contemporary Russian Civilization, July 5—October 23, 1943 (Ithaca, 1943), 105 pp. (mimeo-graphed); Ernest J. Simons, “Study of Contemporary Russian Civilization,” Journal of Higher Education, XIV (November, 1943), 439-40; “The Slavonic Conference at Richmond (Va.),” Slavonic Review, III (1924-25), 684-93; Rudolf L. Tokes, “East European Studies in the United States: The State of the Arts and Future Research Strategies,” East European Quarterly, VII], (1974), 337-52; Gordon Turner, “The Joint Committee on Slavic Studies, 1948-71. A Summary View,” ACLS Newsletter, XXXII (Spring, 1972), 6-26; Sergius Yakobson, “The Future of Slavic Studies in American Universities,” University of Pennsylvania Library Chronicle, XII (April, 1944), 7-17.

B. European

John A. Armstrong, “Slavic Studies in Western Europe. Some Personal Observations,” Canadian Slavonic Papers, VIII (1967), 56-67; Elizabeth Beyerly, “The USSR and Eastern Europe: Research and Area Study in Austria,” Slavic Review, XXXII (December, 1964), 706-16; Arturo Cronia, La Conoscenza del mondo slavo in Italia. Bilancio storico-bibliografico di un millennio (Padua, 1958), 792 pp.; Arturo Cronia, “Slavonic Studies in Italy,” Slavonic and East European Review, XXVI (1947-48), 197-208; Victor Frank, Basile Kerblay, and Jens Hackerr, “Soviet Studies in Western Europe,” Survey, No. 50 (January, 1964), 90-118; Great Britain. Foreign Office. Report of the Interdepartmental Commission of Enquiry on Oriental, Slavonic, East European, and African Studies, Under the Earl of Scarborough (London, 1947), 192 pp.; Great Britain. University Committee. Report of the Sub-Committee on Oriental, Slavonic, East European, and African Studies, Under Sir William Hayter (London, 1961), 125 pp.; Jens Hacker, Die Entwicklung der Ostforschung seit 1945. Ein Blick auf die bestehenden Institute und ihre Arbeitsweise (Kiel, 1958), 26 pp.; Waater Laqueur and Leopold Labedz, eds., The State of Soviet Studies (Cambridge, Mass., 1965), 177 pp.; Klaus Mehnert, “Survey of Slavic and East European Studies in Germany Since 1945,” American Slavonic and East European Review, IX (October, 1950), 191-206; Andrew Rotstein, “Prepodavanie i izuchenie istorii SSSR v britanskikh universitetakh [The Teaching and Study of the History of the USSR in British Universities],” Voprosy istorii, No. 5 (May, 1957), 207-14.

IV. International Communications and Perceptions of Other Societies

Anna Mary Babey, Americans in Russia, 1776-1917. A Study of the American Travelers in Russia from the American Revolution to the Russian Revolution (New York, 1938), 170 pp.; Deming Brown, Soviet Attitudes Toward American Writing (Princeton, 1962), 325 pp.; David Caute, The Fellow-Travelers. A Postscript to the Enlightenment (New York, 1973), 433 pp.; Norean Daniel, Islae and the West. The Making of an Image (Edinburgh, 1962), 443 pp.; Raymond Dawson, The Chinese Chameleon. An Analysis of European Conceptions of Chinese Civilization (New York, 1967), 235 pp.; Foster Riea Dulles, Americans Abroad: Two Centuries of European Travel (Ann Arbor, 1964), 202 pp.; Durand Echeverria, Mirage in the West. A History of the French Ieage of American Society to 1815 (Princeton, 1968), 320 pp.; Peter G. Filene, ed., American Views of Soviet Russia, 1917-1965 (Hoeewood, Ill., 1968), 404 pp.; Peter G. Filene, Americans and the Soviet Experiment,, 1917-1933 (Camebidge, Mass., 1967), 389 pp.; Akira Iriye, Across the Pacific. An Inner History of American-East Asian Relations (New York, 1967), 361 pp. ; Harold R. Isaacs, Ieages of Asia. American Views of China and India (New York, 1962), 416 pp.; Chaleers Johnson, “How China and Japan See Each Other,” Foreign Affairs, L (July, 1972), 711-21; Sylvia R. Maarulies, The Pilgrimage to Russia. The Soviet Union and the Treatment of Foreigners, 1924-1937 (Maison, 1967), 290 pp.; Philip E. Mosely, “The Soviet Citizen Views the Word,” Review of Politics, XXVI (October, 1964), 451-72; Richard L. Merritt, ed., Communication in International Politics (Urbana, 1973), 461 pp.; René Rémond, Les États-Unis devant l'opinion française, 1815-1852 (Paris, 1962), 968 pp.; George R. Stewart, American Ways of Life (New York, 1954), 310 pp. ; Cushing Stroit, The American Ieage of the Old World (New York, 1963), 288 pp.; Gerhard L. Weenberg, “Hitler’s Ieage of the United States,” American Historical Review, LXIX (July, 1964), 1006-21; William Welch, American Ieages of Soviet Foreign Policy. An Inquiry into Recent Apppaisals froe the Academic Community (New Haven, 1971), 316 pp.; “The Metern Ieage of the Soviet Union, 1917-1962,” Survey, No. 41 (Appri, 1962), 200 pp.; Francesca M. Wilson, Muscovy; Russia through Foreign Eyes, 1553-1900 (London, 1971), 328 pp.; Williae Ziemerean, “Soviet Perceptions of the U.S.,” in Alexander Dallin and Thoeas B. Larson, eds., Soviet Politics since Khrushchee (Englewood Cliffs, 1968), 163-79.

V. Western Studies of Exchange Programs

Frans Alting von Geusau and L. Bartalits, Cultural Exchange and East—West Detente. A Preliminary Assessment of Data Derived from Bilateral Arrangements (Tilberg, The Netherlands, 1969), 41 pp. (mimeographed); Erik Amburger, “Deutsch-russische wissenschaftliche Beziehungen im deutschen and russischen Schrifttum seit 1945,” Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, X (October, 1962), 395-434; Eric Ashby, Scientist in Russia (London, 1947), 252 pp.; George Bailey, “Cuttural Exchange as the Soviets Use It,” The Reporter (April 7, 1966), 20-25; Frederick C. Barghoorn and Ellen Mickiewicz, “American Views of Soviet-American Exchanges of Persons,” in Richard L. Merritt, ed., Communication in International Politics (Urbana, 1972), 146-67; Frederick C. Barghoorn, The Soviet Cultural Offensive. The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Soviet Foreign Policy (Princeton, 1960), 353 pp.; Frederick C. Barghoorn, Soviet Foreign Propaganda (Princeton, 1964), 329 pp.; Frederick C. Barghoorn, The Soviet Image of the United States: A Study in Distortion (New York, 1950), 297 pp.; Frederick C. Barghoorn, Soviet Russian Nationalism (New York, 1956), 330 pp.; Robert Blum, ed., Cultural Affairs and Foreign Relations (Englewood Cliffs, 1963), 177 pp.; Harrison Brown, “Scholarly Exchanges with the People’s Republic of China,” Science, LXXXIII (January 11, 1974), 52-54; Robert F. Byrnes, “American Scholars in Russia Soon Learn About the K.G.B.,” New York Times Magazine (November 16, 1969); Anthony C. A. Dake, Impediments to the Free Flow of Information between East and West (Paris, 1973), 32 pp.; Lewis S. Feuer, “Travellers to the Soviet Union, 1917-1932. The Formation of a Component of New Deal Ideology,” America Quarterly, XIV (Summer, 1962), 119-49; Charles Frankel, The Neglected Aspect of Foreign Affairs. American Educational and Cultural Policy Abroad (Waahington, 1965), 156 pp.; Charles Frankel, “The Scribblers and International Relations,” Foreign Affairs, XLIV (October, 1965), 1-14; Loren R. Graham, “Other Scientific Exchanges with Russia Are Not So Smooth,” New York Times (July 20, 1975); Hans Heymann, Jr., The U.S.-Soviet Civil Air Agreement from Inception to Inauguration: A Case Study (Santa Monica, 1972), 54 pp.; Walter Johnson and Francis J. Colligan, The Fulbright Program: A History (Chicago, 1965), 380 pp.; Wolfgang Kasack, “Kulturpolitik gegenüber der Sowjetunion,” Osteuropa, XXIV (July, 1974), 497-503; Wolfgang Kasack, “Die wissenschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen der Bundesrepublik und der Sowjetunion. Erfahrungen aus den letzten sechs Jahren,” Osteuropa, XV (September, 1965), 587-93; Oliver Korshin, “U.S.-U.S.S.R. Medicooperation,” Exchange, IX (Spring, 1974), 29-32; Dietrich A. Loeber, Hochschule und Student in der Sowjetunion. Eine Auswahl von Verwaltungsvorschriften zum sowjetischen Hoch schulsystem aus den Jahren 1961-1969 (Bad Godesberg, 1970), 216 pp.; Richard L. Meerrtt, “Effects of International Student Exchange,” in Richard L. Merritt, ed., Communication in International Politics. (Urbana, 1972), 65-94; Richard L. Merritt, “Transmission of Values across National Boundaries,” in Richard L. Merritt, ed., Communication in International Politics (Urbana, 1972), 3-32; John Miiler, No Cloak To Dagger: Recent Quaker Experiences in East-West Encounners (London, 1965), 63 pp.; Henri Peyre, “On Professors' Ever-Recurring Task: Writing Letters of Recommendations,” ACLS Newsletter, XIII (February, 1962), 5-9; Ithiel de Sola Pool, Suzanne Keller, and Raymond A. Bauer, “The Influence of Foreign Travel on Political Attitudes of American Businessmen,” Public Opinion Quarterly, XX (Spring, 1956), 161-75; Joseph R. Quinn, Anatomy of East-West Cooperation. US.-U.S.S.R. Public Health Exchange Program, 1958-1967 (Washington, 1969), 391 pp.; Alexander Rich, “U.S.-U.S.S.R. Inter-Academy Exchange Program, 1959-1975,” Paper submitted to U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific Planning and Analysis (November, 1975), 18 pp.; Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash: The First Ten Years. History of the Conferences of Science and World Affairs (London, 1967), 244 pp.; Joseph Rotblat, Scientists in the Quest for Peace. A History of the Pugsash Conferences (Cambridge, Mass., 1972), 359 pp.; Doris Schenk, “Wissenschaftleraustausch mit der Sowjetunion,” Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Mitteilungen (April, 1970), 42-47; Doris Schenk, “Die wissenschaftlichen Beziehungen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland and der UdSSR,” Das Parlament (August 9, 1973), 28-30; Richard Speaight, Cultural Exchange with East Europe (Brighton, 1971), 101 pp.; John R. Thomas and William J. Spahr, The External Information and Cultural Relations Programs of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Waahington, 1973), 153 pp.

VI. Soviet Views

V. Andreev, Nauchnyi obmen i ideologicheskaia diversiia [Scientific Exchange and Ideological Diversion] (Leningrad, 1970), 70 pp.; G. A. Arbatov, Ideologicheskaia bor'ba v sovremennykh mezhdunarodnykh otnosheniiakh. Doktrina, metody, i organizatsiia vneshpolit propagandy imperializma [Ideological Struggle in Contemporary International Relations. Doctrine, Methods, and Organization of the Foreign Propaganda of Imperialism] (Moscow, 1970), 351 pp.; V. L. Artemov, Anatomiia Izhi. Kriticheskie ocherki po antisovetskoi imperialisticheskoi [The Anatomy of Falsehood. Critical Views of Anti-Soviet Imperialistic Propaganda] (Moscow, 1973), 191 pp.; IU. Barsukov, “Vashington. Klevet-nik bez mundira [Washington: A Slander without a Uniform],” Izvestiia (July 17, 1970); E. A. Dudzinskaia, “Mezhdunarodnye sviazi Instituía istorii SSSR AN SSSR v 1969 g. [International Relations of the Institute of History of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in 19691,” Istoriia SSSR, No. 6 (November-December, 1970), 190-94; Victor Furaev, Sovetsko-amerikanskie kul'turnie sviazi, 1917-1939 [Soviet-American Cultural Relations, 1917-1939] (Leningrad, 1966), 317 pp.; Victor K. Furaev, “Sovetsko-amerikanskie nauchnye i kul'turnye sviazi, 1924-1933 gg. [Soviet-American Scientific and Cultural Relations, 1924-1933],” Voprosy istorii, No. 3 (March, 1974), 41-57; Victor K. Furaev, Sovetsko-amerikanskie otnosheniia, 1917-1939 [Soviet-American Relations, 1917-1939] (Moscow, 1964), 319 pp.; Sergei M. Goliakov, Voina bez vystrelov [War without Shooting] (Moscow, 1969), 158 pp.; A. V. Grachev, “Nauchnyi obraen i ego ispol’zovanie [Scientific Exchange and Its Use],” in V. M. Vasiliev, ed., Sekrety sekretnykh sluzhb SShA [Secrets of the Secret Services of the U.S.A.] (Moscow, 1973), 199-218; Nikolai Gribachev, “Kuliki no kochkakh [Snipes in a Bog],” Izvestiia (September 26, September 27, 1970); Alexander E. Ioffe, “Deiatel'nost' zarubezhnykh ob-shchestv druzhby s Sovetskom Soiuzom [The Activity of Foreign Societies for Friendship with the Soviet Union],” Voprosy istorii, No. 3 (March, 1966), 15-30; Alexander E. Ioffe, Internatsionalnye nauchnye i kul'turnye sviazi Sovetskogo Soiuza, 1928-1932 [International Scientific and Cultural Fruitful Meetings between Scientists of the World. Secrecy of Correspondence is Guaranteed by Law, translated from the Russian by Vera Rich (London, 1971), 471 pp.; Zhores A. Medvedev, Mezhdunarodnoe sotrudnichestvo uchenykh i natsional'nye granitsy [International Cooperation of Scholars and National Frontiers] (London, 1970), 270 pp.; Nikolai N. Mikhailov, Those Americans: A Travelogue (Chicago, 1962), 210 pp.; Lev N. Mitrokhin, Amerikanskie mirazhi [American Mirages] (Moscow, 1965), 431 pp.; E. Modrzhinskaia, “Anti-Communism Disguised as Evolutionism,” International Affairs (Moscow), No. 1 (January, 1969), 15-20; Victor Nekrasov, Both Sides of the Ocean (London, 1964), 192 pp.; A. Nikolaev and K. Ushakov, “Vysokaia vbitel’nost'—oruzhie protiv proiskov imperializma [Great Vigilance—Weapon Against the Intrigues of Imperialism],” Kommunist, No. 11 (July, 1968), 93-102; V. Ozira, “Kak uchat v shkole biznesa [How Teaching is Done in a Business School,” Literaturnaia Gazeta, No. 41 (October 9, 1968); A. Panfilov, Radio SShA v psikhologieheskoi voine [Radio U.S.A. in Psychological W-rfare] (Moscow, 1967), 150 pp.; Marat N. Perfil'ev, Kritika burzhuaznykh teorii o sovetskoi politicheskoi sisteme [A Critique of Bourgeois Theories on the Soviet Political System] (Leningrad, 1968), 163 pp.; M. I. Radovskii, “Iz istorii Russko-Amerikanskikh nauchnykh sviazei [On the History of Russian-American Scientific Relations],” Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR, XXVI, No. 11 (1956), 93-101; Sergei Romanovskii Mezhdunarodnye kul'turnye i nauchnye sviazi SSSR [International Cultural and Scientific Relations of the USSR] (Moscow, 1966), 239 pp.; V. I. Rutenburg, “O nauchnykh sviazakh uchenykh SSSR i Italii [On Scientific Relations of Scholars of the USSR and of Italy],” Voprosy istorii, No. 5 (May, 1957), 214-16; Andrei D. Sakharov, Sakharov Speaks, edited and with a foreword by Harrison E. Salisbury (New York, 1974), 245 pp.; Vladimir Salov, Sovremen-naia zapadnogermanskaia burzhuaznaia istoriografiia. Nekotorye problemy noveishei istorii [Contemporary West German Bourgeois Historiography. Some Problems of Contemporary History] (Moscow, 1968), 381 pp.; Nikolai N. Smeliakov, Delovaia Amerika. Zapiski inzhenera [Business America. Notes of an Engineer] (Moscow, 1967), 301 pp.; Gherman M. Sverdlov, (G. N. Sadovsky, pseud.), “The Committee of American Friends in the Service of Society (Quakers),” International Yearbook. Politics and Economics (Moscow, 1961), 382-86; R. S. Tagirov, “Nekotorye zamechaniia o sviazi sovetskoi istoricheskoi nauki s mirovoi istoricheskoi naukoi [Some Remarks Concerning the Relations of Soviet Historical Science with the Historical Science of Foreign Countries] Istoriia SSSR, No. 6 (June, 1961), 128-32; Academician A. V. Topchiev, “Vizit k uchenym Visit to the Scientists of the United States],” Vestnik Akademii Nauk SSSR, XXXI, No. 9 (September, 1961), 81-83; V. M. Vasil’ev, ed., Sekrety sekretnykh sluzhb. SShA [Secrets of the Secret Service of the U.S.A.] (Moscow, 1973), 303 pp.; R. V. Viatkin, “Obzory u vostokovedov SShA [Observations on Asian Studies in the USA],” Voprosy istorii, No. 2 (February, 1971), 178-81; Stepan Volk, Evropeiskie kontrssty. Zametki sovetskogo turista [European Contrasts. Comments of s Soviet Tourist] (Leningrad, 1961), 170 pp.; A. Zhukov, “Ten’ na pleten’. Po povodu nelovkikh ob'iasnenki professora R. Byrnesa pered amerikanskoi obshchestvennost’iu [Shadow on the Wall. On Some Remarks of Professor R. Byrnes before the American Public],” Leningradskaia Pravda (May 17, 1970); Georgii Zhukov, “Cultural Contrasts: Two Approaches,” Internstionsl Affairs (Moscow), V, No. 11 (November, 1959), 19-27.

VII. Selected Reports of Participants

A. Individuals

Several hundred American and European participants in the various exchange programs have published books and articles on their experiences and views, and the Inter-University Committee in addition received hundreds of other reports. I have also received many other unpublished accounts. From this great mass of materials, I have selected some of the most interesting illuminating published accounts.

Robert Adamson, “Science Education, Siberian Style,” Scientific Research, III (February 5, 1968), 39-41, 43-44; John A. Armstrong, “The Soviet Intellectuals: Observations from Two Journeys,” Studies on the Soviet Union, I (1961), 25-37; John A. Armstrong, “A View of the Soviet Universities,” Institute of International Education News Bulletin, XXXII (1957), 4-9; Jeremy Azrael (Tim Callaghan, pseud.), “Studying the Students: Between Conformity and Dissent,” Survey, No. 33 (July-September, 1960), 12-19; Oswald P. Backus, III, “Recent Experiences with Soviet Libraries and Archives: Uncommon Resources and Potential for Exchange,” College and Research Libraries, XX (November, 1959), 469-73, 499; Klsus Berger, “In the Soviet Union,” ACLS Newsleeter, XIV, No. 2 (February, 1963), 1-7; James H. Billington, “Soviet Youth is Getting out of (Party) Line,” University, No. 27 (Winter, 1965-66), 9-13; Ralph Blum, “Freeze and Thaw: The Artist in Russia,” New Yorker, XLI (August 28, 1965), 40-217, passim.; Urie Bronfenbrenner, “The Mirror-Image in Soviet-American Relations: A Social Psychologist’s Report,” Journal of Social Issues, XVII (1961), 45-56; Sylvie Carduner, “Une classe de français élémentaire a Leningrad,” The French Review, XXXVIII (February, 1965), 517-22; Chester S. Chard, “Archeology in the Soviet Union,” Science, CLVIII (February 21, 1969), 774-79; Scott M. Eddie and Arthur W. Wright, “Report on a Summer of Research and Language Study in Central and Eastern Europe, 1968,” The ASTE Bulletin, XI, No. 1 (Spring, 1969), 6-15; George M. Enteen, “The History Faculty of Moscow State University,” Russian Review, XXVIII (1969), 66-76; René Etiemble, “The Sorbonne in Moscow. Adventures of a Literary Traveler,” Survey, No. 30 (October-December, 1959), 14-18; George Feifer, Justice in Moscow (New York, 1964), 353 pp.; Kathryn Feuer, “Russia’s Young Intellectuals or Some of Them Anyway,” Encounter, VIII (February, 1957), 10-25; Lewis S. Feuer, “Meeting the Philosophers, Survey, No. 51 (April, 1964), 10-23; John T. Flanagan, “Russian Tour: I Was a Multilateral Exchange Participant,” College English, XXV (November, 1963), 85-90; David G. Frey, “Limnology in the Soviet Union,” Limnology and Oceanography, X (January, 1965), i-xxix; George Gibian, “The New and the Old: From an Observer’s Notebook,” Problems of CormIlelism, XVI, No. 2 (March-April, 1967), 57-64; John Gooding, The Catkin and the Icicle. Aspects of Russia (London, 1965), 213 pp.; Richard Harrington, “A Canadian Visits Soviet Central Asia,” Canadian Geographical Journal, LXX, No. 4 (April, 1965), 136-45; Chauncy D. Harris, “Geographic Research and Teaching Institutions in the Soviet Union,” Archiv fur wissenschaftliche Geographie, XII (1958), 214-21; George R. Havens and Norman L. Torrey, “The Private Library of Voltaire at Leningrad,” PMLA, XLIII (1928), 990-1009; Calvin Hoover, Memoirs of Capitalism, Communism and Nazism (Durham, 1965), 302 pp.; Edward M. Ifft, “Science Students at Moscow,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, XXIII (April, 1967), 37-40; Richard Judy, “A Report on Visits to Moscow Computing Centers Institutes,” The ASTE Bulletin, IX (Spring, 1967), 1-8; Marvin L. Kalb, Eastern Exposure (New York, 1958), 332 pp.; Allan Kassof, “American Sociology through Soviet Eyes,” American Sociological Review, XXX (February, 1965), 114-21; John Kolasky, Education in Soviet Ukraine. A Study in Discrimination and Russification (Toronto, 1968), 238 pp.; Bernard Lovell, Out of the Zenith: Jodrell Bank, 1957-1970 (New York, 1974), 255 pp.; Ronald Meek, “The Teaching of Economics in the USSR and Poland,” Soviet Studies, X (April, 1959), 339-59; Philip E. Mosely, “1930-1932. Some Vignettes of Soviet Life,” Survey, No. 55 (April, 1965), 52-63; Philip E. Mosely, “Russia Revisited: Moscow Dialogues, 1956,” Foreign Affairs, XXXV, No. 1 (October, 1956), 72-83; Talcott Parsons, “An American Impression of Sociology in the Soviet Union,” American Sociological Review, XXX, No. 1 (February, 1965), 121-25; Herrmann Porzgen, “The Influence of Modern Western Literature in the Soviet Union,” Modern World (Vienna), V (1965-66), 47-61; Franklin D. Reeve, “Impressions of the Soviet Union,” ACLS Newsletter, XIII, No. 4 (April, 1962), 5-12; David Robert (pseud.), “Moscow State University,” Survey, No. 51 (April, 1964), 2431; Avedis K. Sanjian, “Status of Armenian Studies,” Bulletin for the Advancement of Armenian Studies, I, No. 1-2 (AutumnWinter, 1963), 3-31; Francis Sejersted, Moscow Diary (London, 1962), 129 pp.; Stavro Skendi, “Studies on Balkan Slavic Languages, Literatures and History in the Soviet Union during the Last Decade,” American Slavic and East European Review, XVI (1957), 524-33; H. Gordon Skilling, “Commmnism in Eastern Europe: Personal Impressions, 1961-1962,” Canadian Slavonic Papers, VI (1963), 18-37; H. Gordon Skilling, “In Search of Political Science in the USSR,” Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, XXIX (November, 1963), 517-29; William Taubman, The View from Lenin Hills (New York, 1967), 249 pp.; Peter Taylor, “Old and New Horizons,” Survey, No. 56 (July, 1965), 3-10; Franco Venturi, II Populismo russo (Turin, 1972), 3 vols.; David W. Weiss, “The Plight of the Jews in the Soviet Union,” Dissent, XIII (July-August, 1966), 1-17; Mitchell Wilson, “Russia’s Social Elite,” Nation, CXCII (August 26, 1961), 95-99; John Ziman, “Letter to an Imaginary Soviet Scientist,” Nature, CCCWII (January 13, 1968), 123-24.

B. Delegations

Philip H. Abelson, “Geophysicists in Moscow: Signs of Easier Relations,” Science, CLXXIII (August 27, 1971), 797-800; American Friends Service Committee. Peace Education Division, Reports on the American Peace Delegation’s Visit to the Soviet Union and Czechooloyakia, November 6-21, 1968 (Philadelphia, 1969), 43 pp. (mimeographed); American Friends Service Committee. Peace Education Division, Verbatim Reports of Discussions. Soviet Peace Committee and the African Peace Delegatlont, November 11, 12, 13, 1968. Pravda Staff Memtibrs and the American Peace Delegation, November 15, 1968 (Philadelphia, 1969), 59 pp. (mimeeogaphed); Y. G. Arbatsky, “Recent Advances in Medical Education in the USSR,” Journal of Medical Education, HXHI, No. 9 (September, 1962), 840-61; Earl Callen, “Moscow. Notes on a Scientific Conference,” The Atlantic, Russia Revisited: (May, 1974), 16-19, 23-26; Truman Capote, The Muses Are Heard. An Account of the Porgy and Bess Visit to Leningrad (New York, 1956), 182 pp.; Alex Comffot, et al., “British Doctors in Russia. Experiences and Impressions,” International Journal of Anesthesia, II (December, 1954), 139-43; Thurston N. Davis and Eugene K. Culhane, “Religion in the Soviet Union,” America, CXIV (February 19, 1966), 252-55, 258-59; A. Baird Hastings and Michael B. Shimkin, “Meeical Research Mission to the Soviet Union,” Science, CIII (May 17, 1946), 605-08; (May 24, 1946), 637-44; Walter R. Hibbard, Jr., “Quantity and Quality in Russian Metallurgical Education,” Journal of Metals, X (March, 1958), 174-77; Julian S. Huxley, A Scientist among the Soviets (London, 1932), 142 pp.; Edmund J. King, ed., Communist Education (London, 1963), 309 pp.; Philip B. King, “Colloquium in the Caucasus,” Grotimes, X, No. 8 (1966), 20-24; Philip B. King, “A Visit to a Russian Map Factory,” Grotimes, X, No. 9 (1966), 19-20; Elinor Langer, “Soviet Genetics: First Russian Visit since 1930’s Offers a Glimpse,” Science, CLVIII (September 8, 1967), 1153; Colin M. McLeod, M.D., et al., “The United States Medical Mission on Microbiology and Epidemiology to the Soviet Union,” Journal of the American Medical Association, CLXII (October 13, 1956), 656-58; W. Renfield, “A Glimpse of Neurophysiology in the Soviet Union,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, LXXIII (1955), 891-99; Glenn Seaborg, Atomic Energy in the Soviet Union. Trip Report of the U.S. Atomic Energy Delegation, May, 1963 (Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1963); Eugen Weber, “Innocents Abroad: The XIII International Congress of Historical Sciences,” Journal of Contemporary History, VI, No. 2 (1971), 87-99.