INDEX

Aktiubinsk, 94

Ambartsumov, V., 116

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 107

Amvrosievka plant, 12, 80; automatic shaft kiln, 27, 91

Archangel, 58

Associaçāo Brasileira de Normas Tecnicas, 108

Average length of haul: planning target (see also Success indicators), 40; historical trends in, 44–45, 48

Azov-Black Sea region, 80, 91

Bain, J. S., 21, 24, 109

Baku, 48

Balzak, S. S., 48, 116

Barnaul, 92

Bashmachnikov, I. E., 107, 117

Basing-point pricing, 35

Belgorod plant, 14, 26

Belorussia, 14, 18, 51, 64, 91

Belov, G. G., 45

Bergson, A., 114

Bernaut, R., 114

Blanks, R. F., 108

Bogachik, M. T., 109, 113

Bogue, R. H., 8, 108

Brazil, 85

Briansk plant, 17, 29, 91, 94, relative cost and strength of pozzolan, 8–9

Brodskii, G., 70, 75, 76, 78, 89, 91, 92, 98, 113, 114, 117, 119

Bureau of Mines, 9

Butt, Iu. M., 9

Bykovskii, V., 116, 117

Cement consumption: historical shifts in regional shares, 44–45; indicators of demand, 51–54; demand inelasticity, 101, 118

Center region, 64

Central Asia, 58, 75, 89

Central Asia/Kasakh SSR, 17, 18, 51, 53, 55, 56

Central Black Earth belt, 56

Chernaia Rechka, 73, 91

Chimkent, 94

Chudevo, 31

Clark, M. G., 11, 108, 117

Clay: as input to portland, 6; location of, 15

Coal: as input to portland, 6; locational flexibility permitted, 15–16

Construction of huge plants, 24, 26

Conversion coefficients for portland cement, 85, 86

Costs: inefficiency of location, 61–67; ranges, 95–97. See also Leningrad, Production costs, Total cost, Transport costs

Crimea, 78, 82, 98

Crosshauls: criticism of, 71–76; linear program analysis of, 76–84, 101

Demand, see Cement consumption

Dnepropetrovsk, 30, 31, 91

Donets Basin (Donbass), 29, 49, 91

Donets oblast, 80, 92, 96, 97

Eastern Siberia, 51, 53, 54, 64, 103, 113

Ermakov, I., 112

Europe, North, 58

Evdokimenko, A., 86, 108, 120

Far East, 17, 18, 26, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 60, 64, 66, 82, 87, 98, 103, 115

Feigin, Ya. G., 48, 116

First Five Year Plan, 20, 51, 52 53, 54, 116

Fuel input, 6

Gaposhkin, F., 117

Gershberg, A., 108

Ghosh, A., 84, 120

Gigant plant: new plant design, 24, 26; early Gigant plant, 29

Gigantomania, 58

Glavstroimaterial, 30

Glavstromstroi, 30

Glavtsement, 31

Glawostoktsement, 31

Glavzapadtsement, 31

Gor’kii, 71, 91, 94, 97

Gorskii, D. V., 48, 116

Gosplan (USSR), 32, 115

GOST (State standards), 107, 108

Grades of portland: in early 1930’s, 6–7; multiplicity of, and inefficiency, 85–88

Greiman, A., 23, 109

Grinev, K. M., 112

Gutsev, E. G., 47

Gypsum: input to portland, 6; loose constraint on location, 16

Haul, see Average length of haul Henderson, J. M., 84, 119

Holzman, F., Ill, 117

Hunter, H., 100, 108, 111, 119, 120

Hypothetical Minimum Average Length of Haul (HMA), 78, 80, 82, 90, 92, 94, 98

Inefficiency in location, 61–67

Inefficiency of transport operation: modal composition of cement traffic, 70–71; crosshauls, 71–76

Iung, V. N., 26, 112, 115

Jasny, N., 115

Karaganda, 15

Karelian oblast, 95

Kazakh SSR, 51, 53, 58, 59, 94

Kazanskii, A., 30, 113, 115, 117, 118

Kemerovo, 92

Kennedy, H. L., 108

Khabarovsk, 26

Khar’kov, 31, 91

Khodorov, E.I., 112

Kholin, I. I., 117

Khrennikov, M., 117, 119

Kirgizia (Kirgiz SSR), 51, 82, 98

Kisliatkov, L. A., 112

Kosaia Gora, 30, 31

Kramatorsk, 91

Krasheninnikov, M. N., 112

Krichev plant, 14, 64, 91

Krupskii, A., 108

Kuchurin, S. F., 111

Kuibyshev, 71

Kursk oblast, 2 9

Kuvasai, 75, 89, 91, 99, 114

Leningrad, 30, 60, 89, 94, 95, 113; high production cost in region, 17; mill prices in Leningrad oblast, 18

Lime sources (marl, chalk, limestone), 12–15

Limestone: as input to portland, 6; location of, 12–14

Linear program and analysis of crosshauls, 76–84, 89–99; assumptions of analysis, 77–80; simplex algorithm, 80–81

Lipetsk steel works, 31, 56

Livshits, R. S., 50

Local industry, 30, 75, 89, 113–114

Location of cement industry, 10–12; comparison with steel industry, 10–11; historical shifts in production, 43, 46–50; production location in 1930’s, 54–61. See also individual place names

Location or raw materials, 10–16; western availability, 58–59. See also specific materials

Location of selected industries, 50

Loginov, Z. I., 109, 112, 113, 115, 117, 120

Lur’e, Iu. S., 13, 108

Machlup, F., 35–36, 107, 114

Malafeev, A. N., 114

Mal’tsevskii combine, 29

Marketing orders, 32

Meliushev, N., 117, 119

Moscow (city), 52, 78; (oblast or region), 18, 24, 29, 33, 48, 56, 89, 92, 95, 97

Murmansk, 95

Nakaznoi, V., 119

Narodnyi komissaviat putei soobshcheniia (NKPS), rail map, 89, 91

National Building Materials Marketing Agency, see Soiuzstromsbyt

Naumova, L. N., 14, 107, 113

NKTorg, 32, 115

North region, 63; Northern Caucasus, 34, 48, 49, 55, 60, 64; Northwest region, 63; Northern oblast, 95

Nove, A., 115

Novorossiisk, 34, 48, 55, 60, 80, 82, 91, 97, 108, 115; relative costs and strength of pozzolan, 8–9; and automatic shaft kilns, 27; Novorossiisk-Leningrad shipments, 70–72

Novorostsement, 29

Novosibirsk, 34, 54, 78, 91, 92

Odessa, 82, 98

Oil well cement, 48

Omsk, 92

Origin and destination tables: points used for linear program analysis, 70, 78, 79; tables extant, 76

Pavlenko, I., 23

Pennsylvania, 26

Penza, 91

People’s Commissariat for Trade, see NKTorg

Pikalevo, 60, 63

Place names, see tables and under individual names of most important places

Podgornoe, 27, 97

Podol’sk plant, 14, 30, 114

Ponamarev, I., 108

Portland cement: raw materials, 5–7; prices, 17–18; technology, with rotary kiln, 19–20, and with shaft kiln, 26–27; conversion coefficients, 85, 86. See also Clay, Coal, Grades, Gypsum, Prices

Portland Cement Association, 9, 108

Portland-pozzolan, see Pozzolan cement

Portland-slag, see Slag cement Portland-trass, see Pozzolan cement (trass)

Pozzolan additives, in relation to location, 15–16

Pozzolan cement, 5; at Novorossiisk, 8–9; costs, inputs, strengths, 810; trass, 115; production in 1930’s, 49, 55, 61

Preobrazhenskii, S. P., 26, 112, 115

Prices of portland cement (mill), 1929/30 and 1932/35, 17–18; basing-points, 35

Pricing principles: regional average production cost, 33; industry average production cost, 33; regional average delivered cost (zonal price system), 34–36; as encouragement of inefficient location, 59–60

Production costs: regional variation, 16–18; scale economies inferred from Soviet data, 20–24; TNEC estimates for American industry, 21–22; scale-transport trade-off, 24–26; lower western costs, 56, 58; per standardized unit of concrete, 86–87. See also Costs

Promyshlennost’ 1924, 113, 114; (1957), 116; (1964), 2, 107, 116, 120

Radkevich, I., 112

Rail distance, used in linear program, 90–91, 93

Railroad rates, 103, 110–112

Rosstroimaterial, 30

Rostov-on-Don, 80

Ruzaevka, 91

Samoilov, A., L., 115

Saratov krai or oblast, 18, 91

Second Five Year Plan, 48, 52, 53, 54, 116

Sengilei, 30, 31

Semipalatinsk, 91

Shaft kiln, see Portland cement

Shatalov, E. S., 47

Shchukin, S., 49

Shmukker, M., 21, 23, 109

Shneider, V., 117

Shober, F. A., 50, 113, 117

Siberia, 14, 49

Sinitsyn, P., 113

Skramtaev, V. G., 9, 108

Slag cement, 5, 10, 49, 61

Slivitskii, S., 24, 73, 115, 119

Smolensk, 94

Smurov, A., 73, 87, 115, 119

Sobolev, V., 108

Soiuzogneupory, 30

Soiuzstroi, 30

Soiuzstroimaterial, 30

Soiuzstromsbyt, 32, 89

Soiuztsement, 30, 75, 113

Sots stroi (socialist construction), 109, 115

Spassk, 24, 26, 54, 58, 73–74, 82, 98

Sprovochnik (estimating handbooks), 114, 115

Stalingrad, 71

Stalino, 80, 91, 92

Stalinsk, 54

Standards: Soviet portland, of 1936, 6–7; Brazilian portland, 7; American portland, 7

Stepanov, P. N., 48, 116

Stroitel’nye materialy, 30, 40

Success indicators: perverse results of incorrect unit in electric works and cotton goods, 36; translation coefficients for cement output and problems, 37-39; packing, 39–40; average length of haul, 40–41

Sverdlovsk, 17, 18

Svetlpv, N. S., 117

Tadzhik SSR, 58, 82, 98

Third Five Year Plan, 40, 115

TNEC, and current production costs, 4, 24, 109

Tomsk gubernaia, 58, 92

Total cost of alternative location patterns, see Inefficiency in location

Transcaucasus, 18, 53, 82, 98, 110, 113

Transport costs, 24, 109–112, 116

Trans-Siberia railway, 12 Tsement, 73

Tsemtrest, 29

Turkmen SSR, 58

Ukraine, 18, 49, 51, 55, 56, 61, 64, 78, 87, 91, 92, 95, 102

Ural-Kuzneksk combine, 60

Urals, 12, 14, 18, 49, 75

Uzbek SSR, 51, 113

Ukrsilikattrest, 29

Vasiutin, V. F., 48, 116

Veller, S. M., 107

Vladivostok, 82

Volga region, 14, 18, 48, 49, 55, 56, 64

Vol’sk cement plant, 14; production around, 48; Vol’sk-Moscow shipment, 70–72, 91

Voronezh oblast, 18, 27, 29, 91, 97

Vorovskii plant (Leningrad), 18, 30, 31, 63

VSNKh SSSR, 115, 116

Water input, 16

Water shipping routes, 70–72

Western oblast, 18, 94

Western Siberia, 18, 34, 51, 53, 54, 73, 75, 78, 87, 91, 92

Yenisey oblast, 58

Zubov, I., 108