INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
abortion, 72n14; referendum, May 26, 2018, xiii; and X case, 134, 137, 159, 249
Abraham, Nicolas, 146, 152, 218, 230. See also crypt
afterwardsness (Laplanche), 51, 132, 195n5; nächtraglichkeit, 119, 132
Agamben, Giorgio, 189
Archbishop Walsh. See Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin)
asylums, 199, 233, 234–35, 238, 251, 252; Magdalene (see Magdalene laundries)
Barry, Sebastian (The Secret Scripture), 28, 32–33, 195n7
Benjamin, Walter, 31
Bersani, Leo, 225
Big House (Anglo-Irish), 164–65
Blake, William, 5–6
Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home. See Tuam Mother and Baby Home
Bowen, Elizabeth (The House in Paris), 163–65
Breen, Mary, 82
Browne, Noël, 19–20, 20, 248. See also Mother and Child Scheme
Bourke, Angela, 76, 98n5, 195n4
Campaign to Save the Kiddies. See Save the Kiddies campaign
Caruth, Cathy, 80, 97n2, 161n1
Catholic Church, 78; fall of, xi; habitus, 37, 39n31; hierarchy, 76; history in Ireland, 45; and Irish identity, xi, 56; moral authority, 39n21, 45, 60; moral control over children, 42, 71n2, 71n3; moral episteme, 77; as patriarchal 61; power of, 61, 246–47; scandals, 72n14; and state, xi, 47, 57, 72n14. See also Irish Catholic Church
Celtic Tiger, 171–78
child abuse: compartmentalization of, xii; exposure of, xi, xii; global, xi; institutional, xi; institutionalization (coercive confinement) as, xi; psychological, xi, xiii; sexual, xiv, xix; state collusion in, xi
child sex scandal. See scandal (child sex)
child sexual abuse, 248–49, 250; addictive reenactment, 114; Ferns report, 30, 190, 239; implantation of jouissance, 106, 201; material dependency, 122; Murphy report, 190; predation and grooming, 123–24; prevalence in post-Famine Ireland, 100–1, 119; as slow violence, 201
children (British), 3, 5–6, 244–45
children (Irish), 243–50, 251; at risk, xv; as citizens, xii; disavowed, 2; disposable, 134; and enigmatic signifier, 177; homelessness, xii; poverty, xii; of immigrants, xvii, xxii; mental health services, xii; needs of, xii; outrages against, xviii; seduction of, 177; sensational literary representations, xvi; sensational media representations, xvi; sentimentalization of, xix; sexual initiation of, xvi, 1; welfare of, xiii
confession as sexual control, 55, 56
Conrad, Kathryn, 23, 72n14, 164, 191
Constitution of Ireland (1937): Eighth Amendment, 8, 23, 135, 189; as theocratic, 30
convents, 31, 39n1; La Compagnie de la Saint Famille (The Land of Spices), 77–78; life inside of, 78
convent schools (Irish Catholic), 77, 83–84, 100, 117
Corless, Catherine, xvii, 243–44
Coughlan, Patricia, 82
Country Girls, The. See O’Brien, Edna
cruelty, xiv
cryptids, 173–74
cultural memory, 239–40
“Dead, The.” See Joyce, James
Democratic Programme, Centenary of, xii
de Valera, Eamon, 30
direct provision for asylum seekers, xii, xvii
Donoghue, Emma, 1, 81, 82, 83, 84, 92
Dougherty, Jane Elizabeth: Irish girlhood, 39n26; sensational childhood, 2, 26
Dubliners. See Joyce, James
Dublin Lockout, 1913: Archbishop Walsh and, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 71n3, 245–47. See also Larkin, Jim; Montefiore, Dora; Murphy, Martin; Save the Kiddies campaign; Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin)
Edelman, Lee, 225
Education: in Ireland, 77; Church control, 21, 100; female participation, 78. See also convent schools
enigmatic signifiers, 25, 34, 50, 77–80, 169; affective/erotic trauma and hermeneutic lure, 34, 36, 50, 65; circuitry of desire, 201; coded, 50; conduit for parent/child seduction, 50, 102, 200; constitutive blind spot, 3; deniability, 69; encounter, 2, 97n2; encryption device, 158; eroticized indefiniteness, 131; foreshadowing, 84; genitalized replication in child sexual abuse, 229; Girl X as, 135, 151; infantile sexualization, 79–80, 131; jouissance, 35; literary device, 3, 35, 80, 82; licensing (reader’s) ignorance, 82, 83; oedipal, 82–83, 89, 107, 113, 200, 229; open secret, 79; 114; penumbra of, 166; plausible deniability, 82; psychosexual manipulation, 166; public exhibition, 69; reactivating (reader’s) enigmatic encounter, xix, 68, 70; reversibility, 59; scandal referents, 41; scandal signifiers, 70; “second moment,” 80; self-betrayal, 168; sexual initiation, 52, 56, 66–67; modernist difficulty, 81; speech acts, 45; sublimation, 56; subliminal intensity, 167; tickling, 113–14. See also afterwardsness; Laplanche, Jean
Enright, Anne (The Gathering), xv, xxi, 196–99, 212–16, 221, 232; disabled and institutions, 238; “inconvenient dead,” 236–37; institutionalization of mentally disabled, 238, 239; Liam-Lamb (homophony), 207; national shame, 232; split-level chronology and enigmatic signifier, 216; stigmatization of the disabled, 235; transferential sibling identification, 219
epiphanies (Joycean), 41, 71n1, 71n4
Erickson, Kai, 239
eroticism, policing of, 27–28
family, xx, 87, 89, 108, 110, 119, 153, 192, 193, 210, 211, 230, 237. See also crypt; Conrad, Kathryn
Famine. See Great Famine
Fanon, Frantz, 50–51
feminists, 8, 23, 25, 109, 227
Fink, Bruce, 31
Finnegans Wake, 44
Fogarty, Anne, 38n12
folklore, 37n4
Foucault, Michel, 30, 77; History of Sexuality (Vol. 1), 81; Irish post-independence theocracy and, 30
French, Tana (In the Woods), xx–xxi, 65–66, 172, 175–77, 179–80, 188–90; changelings, in, 169; cryptids, 173–74; Hill of Tara-M3 Motorway, 172, 173; psychopathology in, 165–68, 177–87, 189–95
Freud, Sigmund: adult neurosis, 71n9; après la lettre and post-Freudian psychoanalysis, 71n6; “A Child Is Being Beaten (1963),” 104; belatedness/afterwardsness (nachträglichkeit), 191n5; Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 111, 209; family romance, 218; Father of the law (père de jouir), 39n30, 119; disavowal, 54, 127; infantile sexual theory, 33; hysteria, 84; taboo sexual knowledge, 202; Laplanche interview on Freud, 161n1; l’école Freudienne and, 48; oedipal desire, 49; post-Freudian psychoanalysis, 46; primal seduction theory, 50, 202; primal seduction vs. primal fantasy, 48, 51; sublimation, 56; seduction theory as (re)read by Laplanche, 131
Gathering, The. See Enright, Anne
Gibbons, Luke, 164
Girl X. See X case
Great Famine, 38n15; social aftermath, 11–12, 117, 164–65
Greer, Chris, 136; four stages of scandal, 161n2
habitus: Irish Catholic, 19, 39n31, 153; social, 117. See also Inglis, Tom
Harte, Liam, 197, 199, 203, 214, 233, 237–38
Herdt, Gilbert, 37n4
homophobia, 153
homosexuality, 89, 95, 116, 153, 185
“Hosting of the Sidhe” (Yeats), 168
Imaginary (Irish), 140
imperiled innocence, xii, xix, xviii, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 37n4, 243–47, 249–50; 1913 Dublin Lockout, 11; Fall of Parnell, 11; imperiled children and national propaganda, 132; A Portrait of the Artist, 8
incest, 57, 67, 92; enigmatic signifier and incestuous grounds of subjectivity, 69; fear of, 71n2; quasi-incestuous relationships, 119; sexualization of narrative, 218, 222–24, 228; symbolic incest, 202; transformation of Freud’s theory of primal seduction/primal fantasy, 49
In the Woods. See French, Tana
industrial schools, xi; Ryan report, 22, 248
Inglis, Tom, xvi, 19, 39n31, 250–51
institutional abuse, xi, xii, xvii, 164–65; 232–41; Suffer the Children, 249. See also asylums
Ireland: British newspapers on, 8, 11, 244–45; Catholicism in, 45; Church-state dynamics, 189; effects on women and children, 188; folk culture in, 37n4; Giorgio Agamben and, 189; national identity, 174; national imaginary, 164; newspapers and journalism in, 38n11, 38n13
Irish Catholic Church, 99–101, xviii, 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26, 100, 243–44, 246–48, 249, 250, 251; and moral episteme, 77; as synonymous with Irish nationalism, 78
Irish Catholic nationalism and women in, 77
Irish Constitution of 1937, 30
Irish Daily Independent, 17, 247, 248
Irish Imaginary and the fungibility of mothers and daughters in, 121
Irish independence (1922), xi
Irish national identity, 174
Irish nationalism, 30; sex scandals and, 44
Irish post-independence Catholic theocracy, 30
Irish Times and the Democratic Programme Centenary (No Child 2020), xii
Jansenism, 81
jouissance, 35, 47, 166–67; abuse as short circuiting, 211; and the enigmatic signifier, 200; trauma and, 34
Joyce, James, 8, 102, 125–26, 138, 146, 155; censorship of, 39n25; “The Dead,” 138–39, 144–45, 150 (Michael Furey’s grave); Dubliners, 44, 50, 52, 54, 67–68; photo-realist writing style 41; “household hints” in Irish Homestead, 38n12; Lacanian Joyce scholars and, 48; Portrait’s Christmas dinner-table scene, 45, 58; Portrait’s “bird girl” scene, 82; scandal-saturated air (in Dublin childhood), 44; sexual initiation 45–46; signature narrative style, 67; “The Sisters,” 52
Kenner, Hugh, and “Uncle Charles Principle,” 67
Lacan, Jacques, 47–49, 71n6, 82, 106, 178; “Joyce le sinthome,” 48; Joyce seminar, 47; Lacanian Joyce scholars, 48; logic of the exception, 178; subject formation, 47; père-version, 106
Land of Spices, The. See O’Brien, Kate
Laplanche, Jean, 31, 33–34, 49–55, 54, 65, 131; “afterwardsness,” 119; ambiguously eroticized psychic messages, 166; and Lacan, 49; expansion of concept of the other, 97n2; expansion on Freud’s concept of infantile sexual theory, 33; Freud’s nachträglichkeit revisited, 132; fundamental theorization, 33–34; general theory of seduction, 200; interview with Cathy Caruth, 33–34, 97n2, 131, 161n1; riddle of sublimation, 56; Symbolic Order, 200; theory of the enigmatic signifier, 79–80; transmission of shame, 232. See also enigmatic signifier; Caruth, Cathy
Larkin, Jim, 12, 15, 246. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913
“Lass of Aughrim,” 145
Legarreta Mentxaka, Aintzane, 81
lesbian visibility, 81
Leys, Ruth, 106
libidinal cathexis, 212
literary devices: stream of consciousness, 64
literature: capacity to form unconscious reserve of history, 31; fabula and sujet, 215; found objects, 215; “hidden Ireland” of childhood sexual abuse, 32; literary devices, 214; manipulation of temporal registers, 214; Möbius-strip inversion, 221; shame and denial, 162n6
literature of child sex scandal, xviii–xxii, 2, 31, 36, 37n3, 51–54, 131–32, 133
literature of trauma. See trauma literature
Long Falling, The. See Ridgway, Keith
love: as enigmatic signifier, 88; as paradox, 89
M3 Motorway protest: Hill of Tara, 172, 173, 186–89, 251
Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon, 6, 11, 15, 38; child abduction, 21; white slave trade, 21
Magdalene laundries (Magdalene asylums), 5, 24, 31, 37n7, 164, 180; 133 Magdalenes, 24; “archipelago of institutional abuse,” xi; “architecture of containment,” 189
Maguire, Moira J., xvi, 21, 30, 62n3
masturbation, 61–63
McDiarmid, Lucy, 12, 39n23, 247
McLaughlin, Eugene, 136; four stages of scandal, 161n2
McQuaid, Archbishop John Charles, 19–20, 248
mental hospitals. See asylums
mimetic/anti-mimetic paradigms, 106–7
memory: collective, 239; collective forgetting and, 238; competitive, 240–44; cultural, 239–40
modern moral panic, 37n4
modernist difficulty: and the enigmatic signifier, 80–81
“Modest Proposal, A” (Swift), 64–65
Montefiore, Dora: Save the Kiddies campaign, 12, 247. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913
Moore, Chris. See institutional abuse
Moran, D. P., 98n4
Morash, Christopher, 38n15
Morrison, Jago, 37n3
Mother and Baby Homes. See Tuam Mother and Baby Home
Mother and Child Scheme, 19–20, 248
Mothers, 42, 47, 49, 57, 65, 105, 107, 108; Kerry baby case, 23; mother-child dyad, 118, 120; Mother Ireland, 65, 73
Murphy, William Martin, 12, 15. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913
myth of manliness (Valente), 11, 38n14, 168
nachträglichkeit. See afterwardsness
New Journalism, 6, 38n17; in Britain, xix; “Maiden Tribute” articles, 6, 11; sensationalizing techniques of, 11; W. T. Stead, 6
newspapers (British): child sex scandals and, 38n17; influence on Ireland and the Irish, 8, 11, 38n11; treatment of British and Irish children, 38n11, 38n13
newspapers (Irish): child sex scandals and, 6; nationalist, 38n17; treatment of British and Irish children, 38n11, 38n13
Nic Congáil, Riona, 38n17
noble cause corruption (Grometstein), 37n8
O’Brien, Edna (The Country Girls), 99–102, 111, 112, 113, 125, 130n3, 130n6, 130nn8–9; autobiographical aspect of The Country Girls, 101; Down by the River, 36, 65, 129; mother-daughter terror-bond, 108; repetition compulsion, 109–10; scandalized reception in Ireland, 99; “tickling” scene, 113
O’Brien, Kate (The Land of Spices), xx, 78–79, 80, 81–82, 93–94; culture of open secrecy, 77; enigmatic signifier in the modernist novel, 80, 93; enigmatic signifier operating in, 83; lesbian “closet,” 79; and open secrets, 78; parallels with Stephen Dedalus’s “bird girl;” 95; as prayer on enigma of love, 96; smugging (female equivalent), 95; metalepsis, 86
occult zone of undecidability, 57, 158; encrypted secret, 218
Oedipal complex, 47, 49, 51, 57, 89, 92, 118
open secrets and the enigmatic signifier, 53, 75, 78–79
Orpen, William, 10, 14, 245, 246
Other, the, 34, 97n2, 103, 235, 239
O’Toole, Fintan, xi–xiv, 39n22
Pall Mall Gazette, 6
Parnell, Charles Stewart, 42; fall of, 11, 44, 45; Katherine O’Shea, 45; Irish independence and, 45
Pearse, Patrick, “Mise Eire,” 191
Pontalis, J. B., 161n1. See also Laplanche, Jean; Caruth, Cathy
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A, 8, 94; Christmas dinner scene, 45, 58; Clongowes’ smugging scene, 95; homosexual scandal depiction, 95; Parnell, 8, 11, 44–45, 58; sexual initiation in, 46; speech acts, 45
“Prayer” (George Herbert): significance in title, The Land of Spices, 93–94, 96
primal seduction, 103; weaponization of, 207; and pedophilic child abuse, 103; and traumatic jouissance, 103. See also Freud, Sigmund; Laplanche, Jean
print capitalism: melodrama and New Journalist sex scandals 5; Irish position in, 38n11; Stephen Hero, 43; open secret, 75; Daily Herald, 245
psychoanalysis: first law of, 25; Joyce’s post-Freudian, 46; psychopathology as a psychological diagnosis, 194n3; and sexual identity formation, 46
psychopathology, 165–68, 177–87, 189–94, 194–95, 195n3
psychotherapy, 33; Jean Laplanche, 33–34
psychic transference, 127
psychosocial economy, 111–12
public opinion, xviii; manipulation of, xvi
public sphere, 37n3
punishment as eroticism, 31, 58, 61, 95, 106 (unconscious masochism), 36n2
queer modernism, 78; and open secrecy, 76
Raftery, Mary (Suffer the Children). See institutional abuse
Rains, Stephanie, 38n1
Renan, Ernst, 174
Ridgway, Keith (The Long Falling), xx, 131, 144, 162n4; enigmatic signifier in, 142, 149; “excuse” as signifier, 149; “X” as signifier, 151–52
Ronson, Jon, 194n3
Rothberg, Michael, 239–40
same-sex marriage referendum, xiii
Save the Kiddies campaign (Save the Dublin Kiddies), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 245–47. See also Larkin, Jim; Montefiore, Dora; Murphy, Martin; Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin)
scandal, xii–xiv, xix, xx, xxi, 1–3, 6; activation of, 136, 161n2; amplification of, 137, 161n2; child-related, xvii; empowering the powerful, xvii; imperiled innocence, 6; literary depictions of, xvii; sensationalism of, xvii; Smyth, Father Brendan, 25; stages of, 136, 161n2
scandal (child sex), xiii–xxii, 199, 250; accusation and believability, 37n4; as seen through the eyes of children, xvii; codes of, 44; damage inflicted by, 211, 225; Irish nationalism and, 233; Joycean scandal fragments, 44–45; “Maiden Tribute,” 6, 11, 15; as moral panic, 2, 6, 21, 37n4; secrecy, 73, 75, 77–78, 113, 148 ; signifiers, 45
scandals exposing church/state abuse: Ann Lovett, 23, 100; Father Brendan Smyth 25, 26; Bishop Eamonn Casey, 18, 23, 24; Ferns report, 100; Kerry Babies, 100; mass grave of 133 Magdalenes unearthed in Dublin, 1993; Mother and Child Scheme, 19–20; Murphy report, 100; Tuam Mother and Baby Home, xv, xviii, xxii; 162n6, 191, 243–44; X case, xx, 24, 134, 137, 159, 249
Secret Scripture, The (Barry), 32–33
Sedgwick, Eve, 116
sex, the Irish Catholic Church’s control of, 45
sexual repression, Church ordained, 40n32
sexualized violence, 183
“Sisters, The.” See Joyce, James
slow violence, 201
Smith, James M., 39n24; architecture of containment, 8, 164
Smyth, Father Brendan, 25, 249
spaltung (fissure), 102
Stead, W. T., 6, 8, 11. See also “Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon”
St Ita’s asylum, 233, 236, 240
Symbolic Order, 39n25, 46–47, 66, 116, 121, 164, 189–90, 194, 200
taboo. See disavowed
tickle as enigmatic signifier, 115
Torok, Maria, 146, 152, 218, 230. See also crypt
trauma (generally), xiii, xix; collective forgetting and, 238; collective memory and, 239–41; cultural memory, 239–41; disruption of psychotemporal coordinates, 215; hermeneutics of suspicion, 214; involuted chronology, 215; multidirectional memory, 240–41; recall, difficulties of, 214
trauma (sexual): activation of psychosocially inadmissible desire, 224; intrusion of adult sexuality, 219
trauma literature, 205
Tuam Mother and Baby Home, xxii, xviii, 243–44, 251
unspeakable, the appeal and vulnerability of children, xix
Valente, Joseph, 11, 38n14, 168
Walshe, Eibhear, 78–79
Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin), 12, 38n19, 45, 71n3, 247. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913
Watkins, Susan, 37n3
X (symbol, hieroglyph, The Long Falling), 134–35, 151–52
X case, 134–35, 151, 248–49; abortion and, 134, 137, 159, 249; Down by the River, 129