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The Child Sex Scandal and Modern Irish Literature: INDEX

The Child Sex Scandal and Modern Irish Literature

INDEX

INDEX

Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

abortion, 72n14; referendum, May 26, 2018, xiii; and X case, 134, 137, 159, 249

Abraham, Nicolas, 146, 152, 218, 230. See also crypt

afterwardsness (Laplanche), 51, 132, 195n5; nächtraglichkeit, 119, 132

Agamben, Giorgio, 189

Archbishop Walsh. See Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin)

asylums, 199, 233, 234–35, 238, 251, 252; Magdalene (see Magdalene laundries)

Barry, Sebastian (The Secret Scripture), 28, 32–33, 195n7

Benjamin, Walter, 31

Bersani, Leo, 225

Big House (Anglo-Irish), 164–65

Blake, William, 5–6

Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home. See Tuam Mother and Baby Home

Bowen, Elizabeth (The House in Paris), 163–65

Breen, Mary, 82

Browne, Noël, 19–20, 20, 248. See also Mother and Child Scheme

Bourke, Angela, 76, 98n5, 195n4

Campaign to Save the Kiddies. See Save the Kiddies campaign

Caruth, Cathy, 80, 97n2, 161n1

Casey, Bishop Eamonn, 18, 23

Catholic Church, 78; fall of, xi; habitus, 37, 39n31; hierarchy, 76; history in Ireland, 45; and Irish identity, xi, 56; moral authority, 39n21, 45, 60; moral control over children, 42, 71n2, 71n3; moral episteme, 77; as patriarchal 61; power of, 61, 246–47; scandals, 72n14; and state, xi, 47, 57, 72n14. See also Irish Catholic Church

celibacy, 25, 83, 92

Celtic Tiger, 171–78

censorship, 21, 25, 39n25, 70

changelings, 168, 169, 181

child abuse: compartmentalization of, xii; exposure of, xi, xii; global, xi; institutional, xi; institutionalization (coercive confinement) as, xi; psychological, xi, xiii; sexual, xiv, xix; state collusion in, xi

child sex scandal. See scandal (child sex)

child sexual abuse, 248–49, 250; addictive reenactment, 114; Ferns report, 30, 190, 239; implantation of jouissance, 106, 201; material dependency, 122; Murphy report, 190; predation and grooming, 123–24; prevalence in post-Famine Ireland, 100–1, 119; as slow violence, 201

children (British), 3, 5–6, 244–45

children (Irish), 243–50, 251; at risk, xv; as citizens, xii; disavowed, 2; disposable, 134; and enigmatic signifier, 177; homelessness, xii; poverty, xii; of immigrants, xvii, xxii; mental health services, xii; needs of, xii; outrages against, xviii; seduction of, 177; sensational literary representations, xvi; sensational media representations, xvi; sentimentalization of, xix; sexual initiation of, xvi, 1; welfare of, xiii

confession as sexual control, 55, 56

Conrad, Kathryn, 23, 72n14, 164, 191

Constitution of Ireland (1937): Eighth Amendment, 8, 23, 135, 189; as theocratic, 30

convents, 31, 39n1; La Compagnie de la Saint Famille (The Land of Spices), 77–78; life inside of, 78

convent schools (Irish Catholic), 77, 83–84, 100, 117

Corless, Catherine, xvii, 243–44

Coughlan, Patricia, 82

Country Girls, The. See O’Brien, Edna

cruelty, xiv

crypt, 146; psychic crypt, 15

cryptids, 173–74

cultural memory, 239–40

Daily Herald, 13, 245–46

“Dead, The.” See Joyce, James

Dell’Amico, Carol, 233, 238

Democratic Programme, Centenary of, xii

de Valera, Eamon, 30

direct provision for asylum seekers, xii, xvii

disavowed, 28, 30, 77, 83, 96

Donoghue, Emma, 1, 81, 82, 83, 84, 92

Dougherty, Jane Elizabeth: Irish girlhood, 39n26; sensational childhood, 2, 26

Douglas, Mary, 73–74, 97n1

Dubliners. See Joyce, James

Dublin Lockout, 1913: Archbishop Walsh and, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 71n3, 245–47. See also Larkin, Jim; Montefiore, Dora; Murphy, Martin; Save the Kiddies campaign; Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin)

Edelman, Lee, 225

Education: in Ireland, 77; Church control, 21, 100; female participation, 78. See also convent schools

enigmatic signifiers, 25, 34, 50, 77–80, 169; affective/erotic trauma and hermeneutic lure, 34, 36, 50, 65; circuitry of desire, 201; coded, 50; conduit for parent/child seduction, 50, 102, 200; constitutive blind spot, 3; deniability, 69; encounter, 2, 97n2; encryption device, 158; eroticized indefiniteness, 131; foreshadowing, 84; genitalized replication in child sexual abuse, 229; Girl X as, 135, 151; infantile sexualization, 79–80, 131; jouissance, 35; literary device, 3, 35, 80, 82; licensing (reader’s) ignorance, 82, 83; oedipal, 82–83, 89, 107, 113, 200, 229; open secret, 79; 114; penumbra of, 166; plausible deniability, 82; psychosexual manipulation, 166; public exhibition, 69; reactivating (reader’s) enigmatic encounter, xix, 68, 70; reversibility, 59; scandal referents, 41; scandal signifiers, 70; “second moment,” 80; self-betrayal, 168; sexual initiation, 52, 56, 66–67; modernist difficulty, 81; speech acts, 45; sublimation, 56; subliminal intensity, 167; tickling, 113–14. See also afterwardsness; Laplanche, Jean

Enright, Anne (The Gathering), xv, xxi, 196–99, 212–16, 221, 232; disabled and institutions, 238; “inconvenient dead,” 236–37; institutionalization of mentally disabled, 238, 239; Liam-Lamb (homophony), 207; national shame, 232; split-level chronology and enigmatic signifier, 216; stigmatization of the disabled, 235; transferential sibling identification, 219

epiphanies (Joycean), 41, 71n1, 71n4

Erickson, Kai, 239

eroticism, policing of, 27–28

family, xx, 87, 89, 108, 110, 119, 153, 192, 193, 210, 211, 230, 237. See also crypt; Conrad, Kathryn

Famine. See Great Famine

Fanon, Frantz, 50–51

feminists, 8, 23, 25, 109, 227

Fink, Bruce, 31

Finnegans Wake, 44

Fogarty, Anne, 38n12

folklore, 37n4

Foucault, Michel, 30, 77; History of Sexuality (Vol. 1), 81; Irish post-independence theocracy and, 30

French, Tana (In the Woods), xx–xxi, 65–66, 172, 175–77, 179–80, 188–90; changelings, in, 169; cryptids, 173–74; Hill of Tara-M3 Motorway, 172, 173; psychopathology in, 165–68, 177–87, 189–95

Freud, Sigmund: adult neurosis, 71n9; après la lettre and post-Freudian psychoanalysis, 71n6; “A Child Is Being Beaten (1963),” 104; belatedness/afterwardsness (nachträglichkeit), 191n5; Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 111, 209; family romance, 218; Father of the law (père de jouir), 39n30, 119; disavowal, 54, 127; infantile sexual theory, 33; hysteria, 84; taboo sexual knowledge, 202; Laplanche interview on Freud, 161n1; l’école Freudienne and, 48; oedipal desire, 49; post-Freudian psychoanalysis, 46; primal seduction theory, 50, 202; primal seduction vs. primal fantasy, 48, 51; sublimation, 56; seduction theory as (re)read by Laplanche, 131

Gathering, The. See Enright, Anne

Gibbons, Luke, 164

Girl X. See X case

Great Famine, 38n15; social aftermath, 11–12, 117, 164–65

Greer, Chris, 136; four stages of scandal, 161n2

habitus: Irish Catholic, 19, 39n31, 153; social, 117. See also Inglis, Tom

Harte, Liam, 197, 199, 203, 214, 233, 237–38

Herdt, Gilbert, 37n4

Holocaust, 200, 235

homophobia, 153

homosexuality, 89, 95, 116, 153, 185

“Hosting of the Sidhe” (Yeats), 168

Imaginary (Irish), 140

imperiled innocence, xii, xix, xviii, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 26, 27, 29, 37n4, 243–47, 249–50; 1913 Dublin Lockout, 11; Fall of Parnell, 11; imperiled children and national propaganda, 132; A Portrait of the Artist, 8

incest, 57, 67, 92; enigmatic signifier and incestuous grounds of subjectivity, 69; fear of, 71n2; quasi-incestuous relationships, 119; sexualization of narrative, 218, 222–24, 228; symbolic incest, 202; transformation of Freud’s theory of primal seduction/primal fantasy, 49

In the Woods. See French, Tana

industrial schools, xi; Ryan report, 22, 248

Inglis, Tom, xvi, 19, 39n31, 250–51

institutional abuse, xi, xii, xvii, 164–65; 232–41; Suffer the Children, 249. See also asylums

Ireland: British newspapers on, 8, 11, 244–45; Catholicism in, 45; Church-state dynamics, 189; effects on women and children, 188; folk culture in, 37n4; Giorgio Agamben and, 189; national identity, 174; national imaginary, 164; newspapers and journalism in, 38n11, 38n13

Irish Catholic Church, 99–101, xviii, 16, 17, 20, 22, 24, 26, 100, 243–44, 246–48, 249, 250, 251; and moral episteme, 77; as synonymous with Irish nationalism, 78

Irish Catholic nationalism and women in, 77

Irish Constitution of 1937, 30

Irish Daily Independent, 17, 247, 248

Irish Imaginary and the fungibility of mothers and daughters in, 121

Irish independence (1922), xi

Irish national identity, 174

Irish nationalism, 30; sex scandals and, 44

Irish post-independence Catholic theocracy, 30

Irish Times and the Democratic Programme Centenary (No Child 2020), xii

Jansenism, 81

jouissance, 35, 47, 166–67; abuse as short circuiting, 211; and the enigmatic signifier, 200; trauma and, 34

Joyce, James, 8, 102, 125–26, 138, 146, 155; censorship of, 39n25; “The Dead,” 138–39, 144–45, 150 (Michael Furey’s grave); Dubliners, 44, 50, 52, 54, 67–68; photo-realist writing style 41; “household hints” in Irish Homestead, 38n12; Lacanian Joyce scholars and, 48; Portrait’s Christmas dinner-table scene, 45, 58; Portrait’s “bird girl” scene, 82; scandal-saturated air (in Dublin childhood), 44; sexual initiation 45–46; signature narrative style, 67; “The Sisters,” 52

Kenner, Hugh, and “Uncle Charles Principle,” 67

Kirwan, Larry, 20, 248

Lacan, Jacques, 47–49, 71n6, 82, 106, 178; “Joyce le sinthome,” 48; Joyce seminar, 47; Lacanian Joyce scholars, 48; logic of the exception, 178; subject formation, 47; père-version, 106

Land of Spices, The. See O’Brien, Kate

Laplanche, Jean, 31, 33–34, 49–55, 54, 65, 131; “afterwardsness,” 119; ambiguously eroticized psychic messages, 166; and Lacan, 49; expansion of concept of the other, 97n2; expansion on Freud’s concept of infantile sexual theory, 33; Freud’s nachträglichkeit revisited, 132; fundamental theorization, 33–34; general theory of seduction, 200; interview with Cathy Caruth, 33–34, 97n2, 131, 161n1; riddle of sublimation, 56; Symbolic Order, 200; theory of the enigmatic signifier, 79–80; transmission of shame, 232. See also enigmatic signifier; Caruth, Cathy

Larkin, Jim, 12, 15, 246. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913

“Lass of Aughrim,” 145

Legarreta Mentxaka, Aintzane, 81

lesbian visibility, 81

Leys, Ruth, 106

libidinal cathexis, 212

literary devices: stream of consciousness, 64

literature: capacity to form unconscious reserve of history, 31; fabula and sujet, 215; found objects, 215; “hidden Ireland” of childhood sexual abuse, 32; literary devices, 214; manipulation of temporal registers, 214; Möbius-strip inversion, 221; shame and denial, 162n6

literature of child sex scandal, xviii–xxii, 2, 31, 36, 37n3, 51–54, 131–32, 133

literature of trauma. See trauma literature

Long Falling, The. See Ridgway, Keith

love: as enigmatic signifier, 88; as paradox, 89

Lovett, Ann, 23, 100, 250

M3 Motorway protest: Hill of Tara, 172, 173, 186–89, 251

Madden, Ed, 146, 153, 155–56

Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon, 6, 11, 15, 38; child abduction, 21; white slave trade, 21

Magdalene laundries (Magdalene asylums), 5, 24, 31, 37n7, 164, 180; 133 Magdalenes, 24; “archipelago of institutional abuse,” xi; “architecture of containment,” 189

Maguire, Moira J., xvi, 21, 30, 62n3

masturbation, 61–63

McDiarmid, Lucy, 12, 39n23, 247

McLaughlin, Eugene, 136; four stages of scandal, 161n2

McQuaid, Archbishop John Charles, 19–20, 248

mental hospitals. See asylums

mimetic/anti-mimetic paradigms, 106–7

memory: collective, 239; collective forgetting and, 238; competitive, 240–44; cultural, 239–40

modern moral panic, 37n4

modernist difficulty: and the enigmatic signifier, 80–81

“Modest Proposal, A” (Swift), 64–65

Montefiore, Dora: Save the Kiddies campaign, 12, 247. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913

Moore, Chris. See institutional abuse

moral episteme, 142, 207

moral panics, 2, 6, 37n4

Moran, D. P., 98n4

Morash, Christopher, 38n15

Morrison, Jago, 37n3

Mother and Baby Homes. See Tuam Mother and Baby Home

Mother and Child Scheme, 19–20, 248

Mothers, 42, 47, 49, 57, 65, 105, 107, 108; Kerry baby case, 23; mother-child dyad, 118, 120; Mother Ireland, 65, 73

Murphy, William Martin, 12, 15. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913

myth of manliness (Valente), 11, 38n14, 168

nachträglichkeit. See afterwardsness

New Journalism, 6, 38n17; in Britain, xix; “Maiden Tribute” articles, 6, 11; sensationalizing techniques of, 11; W. T. Stead, 6

newspapers (British): child sex scandals and, 38n17; influence on Ireland and the Irish, 8, 11, 38n11; treatment of British and Irish children, 38n11, 38n13

newspapers (Irish): child sex scandals and, 6; nationalist, 38n17; treatment of British and Irish children, 38n11, 38n13

Nic Congáil, Riona, 38n17

noble cause corruption (Grometstein), 37n8

O’Brien, Edna (The Country Girls), 99–102, 111, 112, 113, 125, 130n3, 130n6, 130nn8–9; autobiographical aspect of The Country Girls, 101; Down by the River, 36, 65, 129; mother-daughter terror-bond, 108; repetition compulsion, 109–10; scandalized reception in Ireland, 99; “tickling” scene, 113

O’Brien, Kate (The Land of Spices), xx, 78–79, 80, 81–82, 93–94; culture of open secrecy, 77; enigmatic signifier in the modernist novel, 80, 93; enigmatic signifier operating in, 83; lesbian “closet,” 79; and open secrets, 78; parallels with Stephen Dedalus’s “bird girl;” 95; as prayer on enigma of love, 96; smugging (female equivalent), 95; metalepsis, 86

occult zone of undecidability, 57, 158; encrypted secret, 218

Oedipal complex, 47, 49, 51, 57, 89, 92, 118

open secrets and the enigmatic signifier, 53, 75, 78–79

Orpen, William, 10, 14, 245, 246

Other, the, 34, 97n2, 103, 235, 239

O’Toole, Fintan, xi–xiv, 39n22

Pall Mall Gazette, 6

Parnell, Charles Stewart, 42; fall of, 11, 44, 45; Katherine O’Shea, 45; Irish independence and, 45

Pearse, Patrick, “Mise Eire,” 191

Pontalis, J. B., 161n1. See also Laplanche, Jean; Caruth, Cathy

Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A, 8, 94; Christmas dinner scene, 45, 58; Clongowes’ smugging scene, 95; homosexual scandal depiction, 95; Parnell, 8, 11, 44–45, 58; sexual initiation in, 46; speech acts, 45

“Prayer” (George Herbert): significance in title, The Land of Spices, 93–94, 96

primal seduction, 103; weaponization of, 207; and pedophilic child abuse, 103; and traumatic jouissance, 103. See also Freud, Sigmund; Laplanche, Jean

print capitalism: melodrama and New Journalist sex scandals 5; Irish position in, 38n11; Stephen Hero, 43; open secret, 75; Daily Herald, 245

psychoanalysis: first law of, 25; Joyce’s post-Freudian, 46; psychopathology as a psychological diagnosis, 194n3; and sexual identity formation, 46

psychopathia, 178, 183

psychopathology, 165–68, 177–87, 189–94, 194–95, 195n3

psychotherapy, 33; Jean Laplanche, 33–34

psychic transference, 127

psychosocial economy, 111–12

public opinion, xviii; manipulation of, xvi

public sphere, 37n3

punishment as eroticism, 31, 58, 61, 95, 106 (unconscious masochism), 36n2

queer modernism, 78; and open secrecy, 76

Raftery, Mary (Suffer the Children). See institutional abuse

Rains, Stephanie, 38n1

Renan, Ernst, 174

Ridgway, Keith (The Long Falling), xx, 131, 144, 162n4; enigmatic signifier in, 142, 149; “excuse” as signifier, 149; “X” as signifier, 151–52

Ronson, Jon, 194n3

Rooney, David, 27, 249

Rothberg, Michael, 239–40

same-sex marriage referendum, xiii

Save the Kiddies campaign (Save the Dublin Kiddies), 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 245–47. See also Larkin, Jim; Montefiore, Dora; Murphy, Martin; Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin)

scandal, xii–xiv, xix, xx, xxi, 1–3, 6; activation of, 136, 161n2; amplification of, 137, 161n2; child-related, xvii; empowering the powerful, xvii; imperiled innocence, 6; literary depictions of, xvii; sensationalism of, xvii; Smyth, Father Brendan, 25; stages of, 136, 161n2

scandal (child sex), xiii–xxii, 199, 250; accusation and believability, 37n4; as seen through the eyes of children, xvii; codes of, 44; damage inflicted by, 211, 225; Irish nationalism and, 233; Joycean scandal fragments, 44–45; “Maiden Tribute,” 6, 11, 15; as moral panic, 2, 6, 21, 37n4; secrecy, 73, 75, 77–78, 113, 148 ; signifiers, 45

scandals exposing church/state abuse: Ann Lovett, 23, 100; Father Brendan Smyth 25, 26; Bishop Eamonn Casey, 18, 23, 24; Ferns report, 100; Kerry Babies, 100; mass grave of 133 Magdalenes unearthed in Dublin, 1993; Mother and Child Scheme, 19–20; Murphy report, 100; Tuam Mother and Baby Home, xv, xviii, xxii; 162n6, 191, 243–44; X case, xx, 24, 134, 137, 159, 249

Secret Scripture, The (Barry), 32–33

Sedgwick, Eve, 116

sex, the Irish Catholic Church’s control of, 45

sexual repression, Church ordained, 40n32

sexualized violence, 183

shame, xix, 11, 162n6

Shea, Wendy, 26, 249

“Sisters, The.” See Joyce, James

slow violence, 201

Smith, James M., 39n24; architecture of containment, 8, 164

Smyth, Father Brendan, 25, 249

spaltung (fissure), 102

Stead, W. T., 6, 8, 11. See also “Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon”

St Ita’s asylum, 233, 236, 240

Symbolic Order, 39n25, 46–47, 66, 116, 121, 164, 189–90, 194, 200

taboo. See disavowed

tickle as enigmatic signifier, 115

Torok, Maria, 146, 152, 218, 230. See also crypt

trauma (generally), xiii, xix; collective forgetting and, 238; collective memory and, 239–41; cultural memory, 239–41; disruption of psychotemporal coordinates, 215; hermeneutics of suspicion, 214; involuted chronology, 215; multidirectional memory, 240–41; recall, difficulties of, 214

trauma (sexual): activation of psychosocially inadmissible desire, 224; intrusion of adult sexuality, 219

trauma literature, 205

Tuam Mother and Baby Home, xxii, xviii, 243–44, 251

Turner, Martyn, 24, 248–49

unspeakable, the appeal and vulnerability of children, xix

Valente, Joseph, 11, 38n14, 168

Walshe, Eibhear, 78–79

Walsh, William (Archbishop of Dublin), 12, 38n19, 45, 71n3, 247. See also Dublin Lockout, 1913

Watkins, Susan, 37n3

Weston, Elizabeth, 101, 109

X (symbol, hieroglyph, The Long Falling), 134–35, 151–52

X case, 134–35, 151, 248–49; abortion and, 134, 137, 159, 249; Down by the River, 129

Yeates, Padraig, 15, 39n20

Yeats, W. B., 120, 168

Žižek, Slavoj, 57, 103

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