Index

Adams, Howard, 168

Adler, Judith, 164

Adorno, Theodor, 35

aesthetics, 4, 16, 23, 34, 35, 70, 79, 129

agriculture, 3, 13, 129

alienation, 75, 148, 149

allegory, 99, 125, 137

Althusser, Louis, 38, 41, 144, 163, 167

ambiguity, 71, 148, 149

America, North, 2, 16; life and culture, 6-8, 17-19

Amerindians, 129, 130, 169

anaclisis, 45, 167

anomie, 66

anthropology, anthropologists, 1-4, 11, 25, 30, 32, 68-83, 125, 126, 134, 156

Apuleius, 50

arbitrariness, 10, 12, 32, 33, 34, 46, 56, 62, 80, 102, 103, 111, 112, 115, 119, 127-29, 150, 152

Arnold, Matthew, 130

association, associative relation, 32, 100, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 126, 173, 176

Auerbach, Erich, Mimesis, 130, 180

Augustine, 63, 147

Austin, J. L. 160

authentic, authenticity, 9, 27, 28, 37, 48, 68, 73, 126, 128

Ayer, A. J., 160

Bainbridge, William, 160

Balzac, Honoré de, 38, 49, 50

Barthes, Roland, 5, 24, 37, 38, 56, 99, 104, 107, 109, 113, 117, 129, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 160, 172, 175, 176, 178; works by, 38, 50, 107, 117, 135

Bastide, Roger, 168

Bateson, Gregory, 10

Baudelaire, Charles, 35; works by, 138

being, 5, 9, 34, 40, 80, 119, 126, 129, 156, 157, 175

Belafonte, Harry, 7

Benjamin, Walter, 175

Benoist, Jean-Marie, 141, 142, 179

Benveniste, Emile, 23, 24, 110, 126-29, 131, 132, 137, 139, 141, 153, 154, 155, 164, 165, 172, 176

Berger, Peter, 79, 85, and Thomas Luckmann, 58, 89, 90

biology, 35, 37, 38, 45, 65; sociobiology, 122, 175-76

Birdwhistell, Ray, 59, 150

Blanchard, Marc Eli, 159-60

Bloom, Harold, 49

Bloomington Center, 153, 155

Blumer, Herbert, 96

Bonaparte, Marie, 163

Booth, Wayne, 172

Bouissac, Paul, 152, 153

boundaries, borders, margins, 6, 12, 13, 73, 81, 142, 143, 147

bourgeois, bourgeoisie, 7, 37, 38, 129, 133, 136, 137, 144

Bovary, Emma, 41-43

Broadbent, Geoffrey, 160

Brown, Norman O., 166

Bruss, Neal, 180

Buck, Roy, 169

Burke, Kenneth, 64, 65, 146, 174

California, 82, 84, 150

capital, capitalism, 2, 19, 133

Carroll, Lewis, 15

Cassirer, Ernst, 29

castration complex, 47, 49, 50

center-periphery, 69-72, 78, 118

change, cultural, social, 10, 11, 17, 18, 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 35, 60, 74, 82, 93, 95, 103, 111, 112, 115

Chateaubriand, René de, 130; Atala, 132

Chatman, Seymour, 178

Chicago School of Sociology, 162

Chinese, the, 7, 67

Chomsky, Noam, 14, 38, 62, 178, 180

Christian, Christianity, 50, 74, 130

Cicourel, Aaron, 84

class, 19, 26, 52, 66, 81, 92, 96, 126

codes, 15, 62, 70, 136, 137, 141

Coleridge, Samuel T., 132

commodities, 31, 33, 34, 133, 144, 158

communication, 4, 11, 15, 51, 66, 76, 80, 82, 137, 141, 148-50, 152, 153, 157, 158

communism, 2, 19; Eurocommunism, 180

community, communities, 11, 62, 70, 77, 81-83, 92, 96, 103, 146, 148, 149, 154, 157, 158

comparative culture studies, 3, 81, 82

comparative literature, 3, 152, 173

comparison, comparative value, 33, 76, 119

concept, conceptual thought, 46, 61, 88, 100-103, 106, 107, 111, 112, 114, 118, 119, 131, 139, 142, 143

condensation, condensation point, 51, 118, 144

consciousness, 11, 41, 43, 47, 48, 51, 69, 77, 79-81, 83, 86-89, 91, 92, 95, 121, 123-30, 138, 147, 155, 157, 158; false, 91, 136; - for-itself, 20; popular, 7, 18

consensus, 55, 56, 62-64, 150

contemporary, contemporaneity, 25, 31, 32, 173

Coward, Rosalind, and John Ellis, 38, 40, 41, 48, 49; 164

Crapanzano, Vincent, 168

critic, criticism, 5, 68, 119, 136, 137, 139, 155, 156; social, 5, 69, 147, 156

Culler, Jonathan, 103, 111, 112, 117, 119, 172, 177

cult, 13, 18

culture, cultural: evolution, 24, 26-28, 32, 33; forms, 11, 24, 29, 32, 43, 51, 80, 81, 92; isolation, 77; mobility, 28; production, 21, 24-26, 31-33, 35-37, 68, 71, 72, 93, 95, 102, 109, 155; semiosis, 6-8, 84, 93; Western, 4, 130

customs, 28, 30

Dante, 147, 180

Darwin, Charles, 13, 61

Dasein, 40, 127, 175

death instinct, 25

death of culture, 28, 32, 35

deconstruction, deconstructing process, 10, 32, 35, 55, 56, 100, 101, 113, 119, 150, 177

Deely, John, 180

de Gaulle, Charles, 69

de Janvry, Alain, 168

Deleuze, Gilles, 35, 37, 42, 49, 140-42, 165, 172, 178, 179; works by, 140, 141

de Man, Paul, 25, 49, 78, 137, 138, 163, 168, 170-73, 175, 177, 179, 180

Derrida, Jacques, 6, 9-11, 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 62, 78, 87, 90, 91, 99, 100, 104, 113, 114, 115, 126, 130, 131, 134, 137, 142, 143, 144, 145, 160-62, 165, 166, 168, 171, 173, 175, 177, 179, 180; works by, 44, 48, 87, 131, 144

Descartes, 9, 10, 12-15, 121, 123-25, 141, 151, 153, 174, 175; Cartesian cogito, 5, 13-15, 17; linguistics, 14

description, 72, 81

desire, 28, 36, 37, 40, 42, 45, 48, 50, 139, 141, 142

detective novel, 132

diachrony, diachronic, 25, 38, 74, 115

dialectic, 69, 71

Diderot, Denis, 28, 49

difference, as a structural principle, 7, 44, 71, 76, 115-17, 119, 130, 131, 134, 142, 148, 154-56, 158; différanee, 115

differentiation, 9, 12, 71-74, 76-78, 80, 149, 153, 157; division of labor, 157; dramatic, 65, 157; structural, 66, 67, 92

Dilthey, Wilhelm, 112, 125

discourse, 5, 71, 107, 108, 110, 111, 116, 136; discourse analysis, 44, 96; “Discourse of the Other,” 40

displacement, 51

dissemination, 143

dominance, domination, 44, 47, 48

Don Quizote, 156

Donato, Eugenio, 165, 175

Douglas, Jack D., 96

Douglas, Mary, 161

drama, 1, 4, 26, 44, 51, 85, 96

Drama Review, The, 160

drives, 36, 39, 45, 139

Drummond, Lee, 76, 169, 181

Dumont, Jean-Paul, 73, 74, 169

Durkheim, Emile, 26, 32, 66, 92, 96, 103, 153, 156, 157, 161

Eco, Umberto, 2, 102-4, 111, 141, 148, 149, 172

economy, economic, 7, 33, 35, 36, 52, 70, 141, 144, 148, 153, 155, 156

ego, 37-39, 43, 44, 47, 50, 51, 128, 139

eighteenth century, 15, 29, 48, 125;

Enlightenment, 29, 31, 35, 106

Ekman, Paul, 149, 150

emotion, 132, 150

epoche, bracketing, phenomenological reduction, suspension: 79, 80, 87, 91-94, 96, 175

essence, 42, 68, 79, 86, 89, 123, 125, 130, 140, 141, 142, 175

ethnicity, 4, 6-8, 27, 28, 81, 82, 96

ethnography, ethnographic, 2, 68, 69, 71-76, 78-82, 85, 87

ethnomethodology, 3, 28, 30, 32, 67; the second, 84-96

ethnosemiotics, 66, 68, 70-74, 76, 77, 80, 83, 94

ethology, 149

everyday life, 26, 28, 40, 58, 80, 84-86, 89, 90, 92-95, 125, 126, 129, 132

exchange, value, 33, 62, 155, 157

existentialism, 2, 5, 6, 39, 40, 41, 79, 121, 122, 126-29

figure, figurative, 5, 26, 32-35, 38, 43, 72, 95, 106, 108, 112, 113, 116, 119, 120, 125, 127, 135, 149

Flaubert, Gustave, 41, 138

Forbes, Jack, 168

form, 17, 37, 50, 51, 102, 105, 109, 112, 119; formalism, 109, 110, 128, 135, 139, 141, 158

Foucault, Michel, 38, 111, 143, 160, 163, 165-67, 174, 178

frame, 9, 147, 148, 150, 151

Freud, Sigmund, 8, 9, 11, 26, 27, 31, 35-52, 109, 118, 128, 130, 131, 136, 138, 144, 148, 161-67, 175-80; works by, 25, 43, 46

Gadamer, H. G., 2, 114

Garfinkel, Harold, 30, 67, 79, 84, 85, 93-95

Geertz, Clifford, 72, 73, 125, 160

Genette, Gérard, 108, 137

Girard, René, 159, 165

Glucksmann, André, 145, 179, 180

Goffman, Erving, 9, 26, 30, 31, 55, 56, 66, 81, 85, 87, 92, 93, 132, 157, 160-62, 169-71, 181; works by, 31

Gossman, Lionel, 160, 173

Goux, Jean-Joseph, 162

Graburn, Nelson, 168

Graff, Gerald, 159, 172

grammar, 15, 17, 41, 116, 137, 138

grammatology, 137; De la Grammatologie 44, 87, 131, 144

Greenwood, Davydd, 169

Greimas, A. J., 137, 178

group, groups, 7, 8, 66, 75-77, 82, 83, 141, 147, 151, 153

Guattari, Félix, 35, 37, 42, 43, 49, 141, 165, 172, 179

Hazlitt, William, 125

Hegel, G. F. W., 30, 41, 42, 51, 84, 165, 179

Heidegger, Martin, 38-41, 44, 47, 87, 122, 124-31, 136, 151, 160, 175, 176, 179; works by, 87, 125

hermeneutics, 40, 77, 99, 112-15, 121-27, 173

hierarchy, 33, 34, 37, 39, 47, 69, 116, 120, 134, 138, 154, 155

history, historical, 3,11, 59, 68, 75, 78, 92, 116, 119, 124, 144, 145, 155, 156; of meaning, 115, 131, 132

Hitler, Adolf, 35, 124

Hjelmslev, Louis, 102, 111

Hocquenghem, Guy, 166

Hölderlin, Fredrich, 50

homosexuality, 50, 51

Horace, 32

Houdebine, Jean, 179

Hostetler, John, 169

Hughes, Everett C., 162

humanists, humanities, 4, 12, 31, 122, 123, 156, 158, 176

Human Relations Area Files, 76, 82

Husserl, Edmund, 6, 27, 41, 79, 80, 85-92, 94, 95, 123, 124, 127, 130, 131, 140, 142, 151, 165, 170, 175, 177: works by, 175

hymen, 48

hysteria, hysterical symbol, 46, 47

icon, 56, 105, 106, 114

id, 8, 40, 44, 50, 128

idealism, 5, 6, 16, 128, 129, 140

identity, 6, 38, 56, 63, 139, 141; ethnic, 27; personal, 63; sexual, 38, 39

image, imagery, 15, 19, 25, 27, 28, 31, 61-63, 65, 75, 76, 88, 99-103, 105-7, 109, 111, 119, 120, 126, 129, 132, 135, 142, 143, 152, 155

imaginary, imagination, imaginative, 5, 37-39, 50, 77, 87, 125, 126, 130, 143

index, indexicality, 56, 195

institutions, 6, 9-11, 43, 47-49, 52, 92, 93, 103, 112, 119, 127, 128, 137, 141, 155

intellectuals, 7, 8, 10, 11, 14, 17, 20, 36, 37, 47, 86, 136, 138, 147, 148, 155: intellect, 137, 139, 151

intentionality, intentions, 64, 86, 109, 123, 126, 127, 148 interpretant, 16, 99, 120, 123, 134, 136

interpretation, 16, 26, 45, 47, 48, 56, 70-78, 82-83, 92, 94, 122, 125, 127, 128, 134, 138, 144, 149, 150, 155, 158

interpreter, 11, 132, 136, 138, 157

intersemiotic, 150, 153, 154, 156

intersubjective relations, intersubjectivity, 30, 80, 93, 94, 156, 158

Iser, Wolfgang, 171

Jakobson, Roman, 2, 108, 135, 136, 153, 154, 178

James, William, 124

Jameson, Fredric, 46, 50, 155, 164, 166, 167, 173

Jaspers, Karl, 126

Joyce, James, 130, 133

Kant, Immanuel, 35, 103, 123-25, 127, 163, 173

Kristeva, Julia, 23, 42, 43, 92, 100, 139, 141, 143, 169

Labov, William, 59

Lacan, Jacques, 10, 28, 36-42, 44, 45, 47, 49-51, 118, 126, 127, 129-131, 135-37, 139, 141, 160, 164-67, 172, 178, 179; works by, 39, 40, 42; “The Real,” 50

Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe, 43, 165, 177

Laing, R. D., 37, 169

Landers, Ann, 13

language, 1, 4, 5, 10, 14-17, 23, 24, 33-35, 39, 40, 46, 50, 62, 85, 86, 96, 101-103, 106, 110-12, 116, 119, 120, 125, 126, 128, 129, 135, 137, 138, 139, 147, 149, 153-55

Laplanche, Jean, 37, 44-47, 49, 163, 167

Landreau, Guy, 145, 179

Lawendowski, Boguslaw, 153, 180, 181

Leary, Timothy, 18

Leavis, F. R., 156

Lejeune, Philippe, 137

Lentricchia, Frank, 173

levels of meaning, of structure, 108-112, 134, 136-38

Levinas, Emmanuel, 126

Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 2, 10, 13, 23, 25, 26, 38, 39, 51, 70, 72, 73, 77-80, 83, 92, 99, 107-10, 163, 169, 172, 173, 175-77; works by, 79, 83, 92, 128, 129, 131, 142, 173

Lévy, Bernard, 145, 179

liberal arts, 4, 15, 19, 154

liberation movements, 82, 117, 147

liberation, sexual, 37, 42, 43

libido, 42, 43, 48

linguistics, linguists, 5, 12, 15-17, 24, 32, 77, 81, 100, 101, 116, 118, 119, 126, 128, 129, 132, 135-37, 149, 153, 156

literary criticism (the discipline), 1, 2, 25, 49, 64, 101, 106-9, 126, 137

literary history, 11, 49, 99, 106, 147

literature, 1, 4, 24, 25, 50, 79, 96, 99, 100, 104, 106, 110-16, 118-20, 133-39, 155, 156

Locke, John, 147

logocentrism, 17, 100, 172

Lotman, Juri, 2, 23-27, 90-92, 134, 161

love, 48, 50, 162

Lovejoy, A. O., 35

Lukács, Georg, 156, 179

Lyotard, Jean-Francois, 166

MacCannell, Dean, 26, 31, 35, 56, 68, 75,82, 114, 161, 168, 169, 171, 177, 180

MacCannell, Juliet, 35, 44, 56, 175, 180, 181

Malinowski, Bronislaw, 134

Mallarmé, Stéphane, 133

Manning, Peter, 168, 170

Mao Tse-tung, 38

Marcuse, Herbert, 164, 166

Maritain, Jacques, 126

Marler, Peter, 150, 153, 181

Marx, Marxist, 2, 11, 20, 33, 35-41, 43, 52, 75, 92, 96, 133, 144, 145, 148, 153, 156-58, 163, 165, 169, 179, 180; works by, 43

materialism, 6, 37, 39

mathematics, 6, 34, 86, 147

matter, material, 17, 36, 50, 51, 75, 103, 140-44

Mauss, Marcel, 76-78, 157; works by, 76, 77, 157

Mayhew, Bruce, 96

Mead, George H., 59, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 92

meaning, 8-11, 16, 30-35, 39, 44, 45-47, 74, 75, 79, 86, 87, 90-95, 116, 118, 120, 123, 127, 129-133, 136-140

meaning, immanence of, 58-60

meaning, literary, 107-115, 141-43, 148, 150, 153, 155

meaning, social, 55-66, 68

Mehlmann, Jeffrey, 163, 164

memory, 27, 47, 116, 130, 173; nemonic function, 27

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 36, 40, 41, 51, 63, 77, 87, 114, 124-26, 128, 130, 146, 149, 165, 180’, works by, 87

message, 26, 31, 148-50, 158

metalanguage, 5, 6, 138

metaphor, 5, 15, 33-35, 47, 51, 94, 114, 119, 132-36, 144, 147, 151, 163

metaphysics, 131

methods, 3, 6, 11, 18, 51, 72-74, 77, 79, 93, 104, 107, 108, 123-30, 135, 150, 153

metonymy, 15, 33-35, 38, 132, 144

Metz, Christian, 160, 178

Michaels, Walter Benn, 161

mimesis, 27, 28

mind/matter, 8, 37, 43

mirror-stage, fixation (“stade du miroir”), 28, 50, 139, 179

misnaming, misrepresentation, 46-48, 51

models, 1, 2, 24-27, 44, 62, 70, 99, 104, 111, 116, 134, 136

modern, modernity, modern man, 3, 15, 18, 28, 33, 35, 50, 55, 70, 76, 81, 83, 102, 111, 133, 135;

modern culture, 77, 144;

modern world, 11, 74, 119, 156

money, 32, 34, 144

moral, morality, 4, 12, 13, 18, 23-26, 28, 29, 31, 34, 55, 56, 65, 70, 81, 150

mores, moeurs, 28, 29

Morris, Charles, 56

motivation, 64-66, 151

Mullins, Nicholas C., 171

myth, mythic thought, 5, 8, 24, 25, 34, 50, 55, 62, 68, 69, 72, 73, 78, 88, 90, 91, 104, 108, 110, 121, 130, 131, 136-38

Nachträglichkeit, secondarity, 44-46, 142

narrative, 107, 136, 156

nature, natural order, 5, 27, 30-33, 45, 48, 73, 114, 119, 122, 123, 128, 129, 133, 149, 150, 151, 156; second nature, 33, 151

natural language, 24, 26, 154, 155

natural selection, 13

natural standpoint, 86-89, 91, 95

Nerval, Gerard de, 28, 35

network, 39^2, 82, 126, 127; Gerede as, 39

New Criticism, 11, 99, 134

New Ethnography, 70-73

Newman, Paul, 18

Nietzsche, Friedrich 34, 35, 44, 130-34, 143, 144, 176; works by, 134

norm, 31, 32, 55, 65-67, 94, 112, 157

Oedipus, Oedipal, 6, 35, 49, 50, 124, 130, 176

Ogden, D. K., and I. A. Richards, 134

ontology, 125

oppositions, 19, 32, 35, 37, 39, 41, 47, 50, 51, 68, 71, 83, 107, 108, 114-19, 121, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 143, 148, 149

origins, 10, 11, 33, 41, 42, 49, 55, 88, 90, 122, 124, 218

overdeterminacy, 118, 143, 144

palimpsest, 108, 112, 113

paradigm, paradigmatic, 38, 107, 108, 110-15, 116-20, 129

Paris, 17, 74, 153, 155

parole, 51, 109, 111, 112, 119, 120, 135, 136

Parsons, Talcott, 85, 95, 96, 147

passions, 12, 14, 26, 72, 111

Peirce, Charles S., 2, 6, 10, 26, 27, 32, 37, 56, 66, 71, 72, 76, 79, 86-89, 91, 95, 99, 120, 123, 124, 130-34, 136, 138, 143, 147, 149, 151, 156, 157, 166, 172, 174, 178, 180, 181

perception, 71, 86, 87, 94, 126

phaeneroscopy, phaeneron, 79, 86, 123

phallus, 47, 50, 131, 164;

phallogocentrism, 48, 49

phenomenology, 1,3,6, 37, 79-89, 91-93, 121-25, 128, 130, 131

philology, 138

Philo the Jew, 125

phoneme, phonetics, 61, 131, 132, 135, 139; zero phoneme, 131

Piaget, Jean, 10

Pignatari, Décio, 2, 172

Plato, 37, 148

pleasure principle, 31, 35

Poe, Edgar Allan, 132, 133

poetry, 15, 35, 108-11, 125

Poétique, 137

poetics, 31, 112, 116, 119, 137, 139

Poinsot, 147, 180

“points de capiton, “ 40, 118

politics, 2, 8, 17, 32, 69-71, 74, 76, 79, 83, 109, 126, 128, 135, 147, 148, 151, 153, 155, 158; political ethnography, 83

Pontalis, J. B., 45

pornography, 18, 31

positivism, 9, 84

post-disciplinary, 1, 91, 155

post-rational, 3, 11, 13, 14, 104, 121-25, 128-31

post-structural, post-structuralism, 6, 10, 39, 40, 44, 51, 72, 85, 90, 93, 109, 115, 131, 132, 134, 138, 180

Poulet, Georges, 175

power, 16, 32, 48, 81, 83

presence (phenomenological concept), 44, 45, 88-91, 111

Prévost, L’Abbé, 163; work by, 163

primacy, primary, 17, 34, 37, 47, 48, 51, 128, 129, 134, 138, 139, 142, 143, 155

primitive peoples, 3, 4, 11, 13, 23, 30, 69-78, 151

progress, 28-33

proper names, naming, 47, 150

Proust, Marcel, 140, 141

psyche, 37, 44-47, 51, 57, 64, 94, 128, 137

psychoanalysis, 2, 41, 49, 50, 136, 152

psychology, 57, 64, 79, 137, 151

Rabinow, Paul, 74, 75, 168, 169

rational, rationalism, 5, 6, 9, 11-13, 15, 19, 101, 121-26, 133, 146

reading, 12, 26, 27, 100, 104, 113, 114, 119, 120, 128, 134, 137, 142-44, 156, 171, 172

reader, 16, 99, 112, 118

Reason, 12, 13, 51, 121-23, 138

rebellions of 1968, 141, 142

receiver, 6, 26, 136, 148, 149, 152

Redfield, Robert, 76-78, 92

referent, referentiality, 16, 115

Reich, Wilhelm, 166, 167

religion, 13, 62, 85, 153, 156, 157

repetition, 25, 119

representation, 43, 44, 46, 50, 105, 126, 127, 133, 136, 144

repression, 30, 31, 33-35, 41-44, 46, 55, 78, 104, 113, 131, 143

resistance, 27

retardation, 45, 47

revolution, revolutionary, 10, 11, 19, 20, 41-43, 47, 52, 59, 71, 75, 83, 94; Neolithic revolution, 23; anti-revolution, 27, 28, 94

Rey, Alain, 148, 149, 151

rhetoric, rhetoricians, 3, 5, 15-17, 27, 29, 38, 40-42, 101, 106, 109, 119, 137, 174

Ricoeur, Paul, 74, 114, 170, 175

ritual, rite, 1, 25, 42, 62, 74, 81, 85, 92, 96, 155

role, 19, 42, 96

Romanowski, Sylvie, 174

Romantic, Romanticism, 32, 35, 50, 62, 123, 125, 130, 132; pre-Romantic, 100, 102, 109, 119, 143, 175

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 9, 10, 11, 14, 20, 28-32, 34, 35, 37, 50, 66, 72, 73, 76, 77, 83, 91, 92, 103, 113, 125, 127, 147, 149, 161, 166, 168, 180, 181; works by, 14, 28, 31, 50, 72, 83, 92, 139

rule-governed creativity, 111, 112

Sacks, Harvey, 84, 85, 87

sacred, 4, 8, 31, 119, 126, 150

Sartre, Jean-Paul, 41, 43, 58, 74, 75, 87, 89, 107, 124-26, 128, 130, 165, 171; works by, 41, 87

Šaumjan, S., 178

Saussure, Ferdinand de, 3, 6, 10, 12, 16, 25, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 61, 62, 64, 91, 99, 100-120, 127, 128, 130-36, 139, 142, 143, 149, 150, 164, 172, 173, 178; works by, 64, 100, 104

scene, 117-19

Schegloff, Manny, 84

Scholes, Robert, 108

Schutz, Alfred, 85, 89, 94, 95

Schneider, David, 160, 168

Searle, John, 160

Sebeok, Jean-Umiker, 160, 168

Sebeok, Thomas A., 146, 150, 165, 170, 172, 174, 180

secondary modeling systems, 26

secondary processes, 34, 37, 43, 51, 129, 134

second semiotics, 152, 158

self, 28, 39, 43, 44, 50-52, 55, 63, 64, 66, 91, 92, 103, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130

self-consciousness, 77, 92;-love, 125

semantic, semantics, 24, 29, 56-58, 63, 64, 90, 149, 150

semiolinguistics, 16, 99, 154

semiosis, 7, 28-31, 33, 45, 51, 92, 95, 127, 132, 134, 136-38

sémiotique, la (Kristeva’s concept), 42, 139

Semiotica, 131

semiotic mechanism, 21, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32-34, 67, 91, 95

semiotic revolution, 1, 3, 9, 11, 12, 14, 20, 36, 38, 84, 93, 95, 142, 148

sender, 16, 26, 136, 149, 152

seventeenth century, 15, 74

sexuality, 13, 15, 37, 38, 45, 46, 48, 51, 62

Shands, Harley, 181

Shattuck, Roger, 156

sign: meaningful vs. indicative, 140-43; as metaphoric, 33-35, 133-36; semiotic critique of, 128-32; sociological symbol, 56-61, 62-64

sign-character, 16, 55, 99, 115, 133, 142

signified, uses of, 100-119, 131-35, 139, 142, 143, 149, 150

signifier, uses of, 44-48, 61, 100-120, 129-40, 142, 143, 149, 150

Simmel, Georg, 66, 96

Singer, Milton, 168, 175

Smith, Adam, 125

Smith, Valene L., 169

‘social construction of reality,’ 42, 55, 56, 89

social movements, 25, 26, 39

social order, 30, 33, 43, 55, 65, 81, 85, 95, 153

social structure, 36, 50, 95

sociology as discipline, 1, 3, 19, 55, 56, 61-64, 79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87-89, 93, 96, 156

Sollers, Philippe, 163

speech, 14, 35, 44, 48, 106, 107, 110, 112, 120, 127-29, 135, 137; everyday, 111, 112

speech act, 48, 108, 109, 112, 135-37 de

Stael, Mme., 130

Stanislaus, King of Poland, 29

Stendhal, 35, 50, 103, 118, 130, 132; works by, 50, 103, 132

Stokoe, William, 150

Stonum, Gary, 181

structuralism, structuralists, 1, 3, 6, 10, 39, 77, 99, 108, 110-15, 120, 121, 124, 126-32, 134-36, 148, 155

subject, subjectivity, 3, 5, 6, 8, 16, 28, 36-39, 43-45, 47-52, 55, 57, 58, 65, 77, 90, 94, 95, 102, 121-25, 128, 129, 132, 136-39, 151, 155, 156, 157

subjective viewpoint, 58, 84, 95, 120

Sudnow, David, 59, 84, 93, 171

supplement, 11, 51, 118, 131

symbol, symbolism, 36, 39, 40, 44, 46-48, 56, 57, 59, 60-62, 69, 70, 74, 75, 82, 123, 129, 130-33

symbolic interactionism, 56, 63, 65, 82

symbolic order, 36, 37, 39-43, 46, 47, 51, 139, 165, 179

symbolic structures, 3, 39, 66

symptom, 47

synchronic, 25, 38, 74, 110, 116, 172, 173

syntactical, syntax, 56-59, 62-64, 90, 114, 137

syntagm, syntagmatic, 19, 32, 34, 107, 108, 110-112, 116, 119, 120, 128, 129

Tartu school, 24, 93, 153, 155

technology, 10, 15, 124

Tel Quel, 153, 163, 169

text, textual, 3, 8, 16, 36, 37, 68, 69, 80, 99, 100, 111, 115, 120, 125-27, 132, 141, 155, 156

theology, 38, 39

“thirdness,” (Peirce’s concept) 86-87

Third World, 66, 70, 71, 81

thought, 12, 15, 111, 123, 128, 151, 156, 157; figures of, 108, 109, 120

Todorov, Tzvetan, 24, 99, 108-11, 113, 137, 172

Total Social Fact, 78; totality, 131

tourism, 3, 27, 75, 76

tradition, 4, 11, 12, 49, 102, 103, 111, 115, 119, 127-29, 156

trans-subjective, 13

transcendental, -ego, 123, 127

translation, 153, 154

transvalue, 10, 11, 14, 91

transverse, transversality, 42, 141

trivium and quadrivium, 15

tropes (figures of thought), 3, 5, 16, 17, 35, 109, 112, 113, 115, 116, 119

truth, 4, 13, 58, 66, 68, 74, 117, 141

Turner, Victor, 72, 160, 171

Turkle, Sherry, 163, 167

unconscious: collective, 8; Unconscious, 36, 40-44, 46-48, 50, 51, 128-30, 136, 138, 151, 155

Understanding, 112, 114, 115, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 129, 138, 147, 148; common sense, 57, 61, 62; pre-reflective, 93; vs. misunderstanding, 55, 138

Ungar, Steven, 139

United States, 76, 82, 87

United States Air Force, 67

unity, 27, 148-52

‘unthought,’ 44, 127, 128, 130

use-value, 34

Uspensky, Boris, 23, 24, 26, 27

utility, utilitarian, 23, 33, 35, 129

vaginal sign, 131

values, 6, 8, 9, 11, 23, 24, 32-34, 45, 55, 58, 64, 69, 88, 91, 92, 108, 116, 120, 133, 142, 144, 147, 148, 149, 155, 173, 179

verbal, non–, 104, 106, 150-54

violence, 7, 33, 34

Voloshinov, V. N. [M. M. Bakhtin], 52, 59, 150, 165, 179

Wade, Gail, 173

Wagner, Richard, 133

Weber, Max, 153, 177

Weber, Samuel, 164-65

Wellek, René, and Austin Warren, 109, 110, 173

White, Leslie, 59

Wilde, Oscar, 27

Wilden, Anthony, 39, 164, 181

Wilson, Edward, 122, 174, 177, 180

Wimsatt, William, 109, 111, 114; and Monroe Beardsley, 109, 173

Winner, Irene and Thomas, 169, 170

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 160

women, 8, 19, 49, 50

Wordsworth, William, 102, 111, 112

work, 35; working class, 7

work of art, 110, 111, 116, 140, 141

writer, 16; writing, 27, 99, 107, 144

Young, Frank, 26, 66, 82, 96, 161, 171

Young, Ruth, 82, 171

Zukav, Gary, 159