A Note on Translation, Transliteration, and Arab Transcription

The names of books and articles in Hebrew and Arabic in the reference list appear in transliterated form followed by a translation in parentheses.

Hebrew words are transliterated according to the guidelines of the Academy of the Hebrew Language.

All non-English quotations were translated by the author, except where there is a reference in the notes to other English sources.

All internet hyperlinks were last accessed in July 2023, unless stated otherwise.

The Arabic names of people, groups, and places are transliterated as they commonly appear in the literature, with certain necessary clarifications:

1. The pharyngeal fricative consonant /ᶜ/ (ع) is symbolized by /ʽ/.
2. In Bedouin dialects of the Negev, the reflex of the consonant /q/ (ق) is the velar plosive /g/. Therefore, this is how the names of people, groups, and places containing this consonant are transliterated (e.g., Gderat, Abu Rgayyig).
3. Geminated consonants marked with shaddah ([sign of] emphasis) in Arabic are expressed by doubling consonants (e.g., Abu Sittah, Muhammad).
4. The feminine suffix (tāᵓ marbūt.ah) is expressed by /h/ (e.g., Salamah, ʽAzazmah, etc.).

Tables of consonants in Arabic orthography and a list of Bedouin groups and persons that are phonetically transliterated are provided as appendixes. An additional column features their transcription according to Bedouin phonology.