Index

ABM, 186, 208

Acheson, Dean, 35, 47, 81

Afghanistan, 246

AFPFL, 18

Afro-Asian Conference, 24-25

Aidit, D. N., 22

Aksai Chin, 15, 65, 66, 73

Albania, 73, 122

Algiers Conference, 24-25

Alliance Party, Malay, 260-61

Anderson, Jack, 180

Antiballistic missiles, 186, 208

Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom League, 18

Arab states, 123-24, 201-3, 215

arms control. See SALT ASEAN, 117, 252, 253, 261, 268-69

Asia: de-colonization of, 11-25; U.S. containment policy for, 51-58; collective security of, 116-21; Nixon’s policy for, 128-30; shifting U.S. priorities in, 174-83; Japan’s role in, 227-29; Southeast, 247-72; future multipolar balance for, 273-95

Asian and Pacific Council, 128, 268

Asian-African Conference at Bandung, 23-25, 65, 68

ASP AC, 128, 268

Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 117, 252-53, 261, 268-69

Australia, 270

Ayub Khan, Mohammed, 16-17, 75, 233-36

balance of power in Asia, 273-95

ballistic missiles, 39, 189-92, 207

Bandung Conference, 23-25, 65, 68

Bangkok. See Thailand Bangla Desh, 118, 179-81, 235-39, 243-45

BCP, 248-51

Bengal, 232

Beria, Lavrenti, 35-36

Berlin, 38-39, 205

Bhumibol Aduldet, King, 252-54

Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 181, 234-37, 240-44

Bonn. See West Germany Borneo, 260

Brandt, Willy, 187, 205

Brezhnev, Leonid: and Vietnam War, 40; and Third World, 41; and Sino-Soviet relations, 108-9, 112-17, 120; and détente, 187, 194, 196, 199, 202, 208; and India, 242; “collective security” system of, 270; hostility to Chinese, 292

Brezhnev Doctrine, 104, 111

British: de-colonization by, 17-20; in Southeast Asia, 269

Bruce, David, 110, 141, 283, 287-88

BSPP, 248-50

Burma, 18, 21, 247-52, 278

Cambodia, 78, 82, 107-8, 141-42, 150, 157-63, 167-73

Canada, 162

Castro, Fidel, 208

Chiang Ching, 108

Chiang Kai-shek, 28-29, 34, 43-45, 50-52, 175

China, People’s Republic of: and India, 14-15; supervision of revolutions in Southern Asia, 23; Soviet vs. American interests in, 33-34; alliance with Soviets, 43-50; U.S. containment policy for, 51-58; foreign policy toward Asia, 59-77; border disputes, 60-61, 191; disputes with Soviets, 70-77; and Indochina War, 80; confrontation with Soviets, 97-124; “tilt” toward U.S., 111-16; détente with U.S., 125-48, 194; and European security, 203-5; and Japan, 217, 221-26; and Pakistan, 239-40; and Burma, 250-51; and Malaysia, 261-62; role in Southeast Asia, 270-71; political trends since Cultural Revolution, 274-78; future outlook for, 278-93; future of relations with U.S., 282-86; future of relations with Soviets, 286-95

China, Republic of (Nationalist): and Japan, 7, 222-24; and Burma, 18; U.S. and Soviet efforts to reconcile with Communist China, 34-35; possible operations against mainland, 48, 50; relations with mainland, 61, 67-69, 73; and Indochina, 78-79; and Nixon, 112, 178; and Sino-American détente, 134-35, 142; relations with U.S., 283-84; see also Taiwan China Lobby, 53

Chinese: in Malaysia, 259-63; in Indonesia, 266; see also China Chou En-lai: Bandung Conference performance, 23-24, 65, 68; party leadership by, 44, 77; and Indochina, 81-82, 153; and Sino-Soviet relations, 103-11, 114-15, 119-22; and détente with U.S., 131-39; and Japan, 212, 223-26; post-Cultural Revolution policies of, 275-78; “tilt” toward U.S., 281; and China’s future, 279-80; illness of, 283; radical protests against, 286-87

Churchill, Winston, 27-28

Cold War, 26-42, 185 “collective security,” 116-21, 270-72

colonialism, end of in Asia, 11-25

Cominform, 31

Comintern, 43-44

Communism: Southeast Asia uprisings, 20-23; in Malaya, 21-22, 260-61; Chinese, 43-45, 279; and Mao-Khrushchev struggle, 70-72, 74-75; in Vietnam, 78-93; international aspects of, 103

Communist Information Bureau, 31

Communist Party, Malayan, 260-61

Communist Party of China, 43-45

Communist Party of India, 231-32

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 206

containment policy, 51-58

CPC, 43-45

CPI, 231-32

CSCE, 206

Cuba, 208

Cuban missile crisis, 39, 66, 73

Cultural Revolution: in Burma, 250; in China, 76-77, 99, 102-4, 108; Chinese politics after suppression of, 247-48

Czechoslovakia, 42, 103-4, 121-22, 186, 195, 204-5

de-colonization, 11-25

Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 79-83, 257

Desai, Morarji, 231-33

détente: Sino-American, 125-48, 282-86; Soviet-American, 184-208

Diego Garcia, 182, 243

Diem, Ngo Dinh, 72, 84-89

Diem, Nhu, 84, 88-89

disarmament. See SALT Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 181

DRV, 79-83, 257

dual adversary strategy, 100, 104, 108, 114, 275, 287

Dulles, John Foster, 35, 37, 54, 55, 71, 80-81

Dutch, and Indonesian independence, 19-20

East Asia, future of, 295

East Bengal, 238-39

East Germany, 186, 203-5

East Pakistan, 235-37; see also Bangla Desh

Egypt, 41, 187, 201-3

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 37-38, 50, 86

Europe: Sino-Soviet competition in, 121-23; and Soviet-American détente, 186-90, 203-7; multipolarity in, 273-74

Formosa Resolution, 54

France, 78-79, 203

Fukuda, Takeo, 212-14

Fulbright, J. William, 58

FUNK, 171-72

Gandhi, Indira, 180, 231-33, 238, 242-44

Gandhi, Mohandas, 11-12, 232

Geneva Settlement, 80-83

Germany, 31-32, 36, 186-90, 203-7

Goldwater, Barry, 89

Golkar, 266-67

Great Britain: de-colonization by, 17-20; and Southeast Asia, 269

Great Leap Forward, 66, 68, 70-71

Grechko, Marshal, 207

Green, Marshall, 140

GRUNK, 171

Guam Doctrine. See Nixon Doctrine

Haile Selassie, 136

Haiphong mining, 189

Hammarskjӧld, Dag, 38

Hanoi. See North Vietnam Harrison, Selig, 225

Hilsman, Roger, 57

Hindu-Moslem clash in India, 11-12

Hitler, Adolf, 274

Ho Chin Minh, 78-84, 92-93, 150, 152

Ho Chi Minh Trail, 87, 89, 164, 257

Huang Chen, 141, 283, 287

Hukbalahap (Huks), 22, 264

Humphrey, Hubert, 58, 128

Hundred Flowers Campaign, 70

Hungary, 37, 121-22, 206

ICBM, 190-92, 207, 281

ICCS, 159-63, 268

Ikeda, Hayato, 9

independence movements, 17-20

India: under Nehru, 11-15; relations with China, 14-15, 61, 64-65; and Sino-Soviet struggle, 73; relations with Soviets, 114-18; relations with U.S., 179-81; and Indian Ocean, 183; and Pakistan, 230-46; internal politics of, 230-33

Indian Ocean, 181-83

Indochina: “people’s wars” in, 62, 72-73; Vietnam War, 78-93, 149-73; and Sino-American relations, 140; see also Cambodia; Laos; North Vietnam; South Vietnam

Indonesia: Sukarno and independence of, 19-20; Communist Party in, 22, 265, 267; Chinese treaty with, 24, 66; Chinese influence in, 75; and Malaysia, 260; and Singapore, 262-63; economic development and politics of, 265-68

Intermediate range ballistic missile, 288

International Commission of Control and Supervision, 159-63, 268

IRBM, 288

Israel, 41, 123-24, 199-205, 215

Jackson, Henry M., 197

Jakarta. See Indonesia Japan: defeat and re-emergence after World War II, 3-10; Soviet relations with, 118-20, 220-21; conflict over Sino-American détente, 132-35; Okinawa’s reversion to, 176-77; Nixon’s relations with, 179; and Indian Ocean, 183; economy of, 214-16; foreign policy of, 216-29; and China, 217, 221-26; in Asia, 227-29; influence in Southeast Asia, 269; future outlook for, 293-94

Java, 19

Jews, Soviet repression of, 195-97, 208

Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 15

Johnson, Lyndon, 42, 58, 89-90, 111, 127-28, 149-51

Kashmir, 75, 231, 234, 241, 244

Kennan, George F., 27, 30, 32

Kennedy, Edward, 181

Kennedy, John F., 38-39, 57, 69-73, 86-% 233

Khrushchev, Nikita: and Nehru, 14; policy toward U.S., 35-40; ouster of, 39-40; relations with China, 67-74, 98-99, 292; rivalry with Mao, 70-74; and disarmament, 189

Kim Dae Jung, 228

Kim II Song, 33, 46-47, 144-47

Kishi, Nobusuke, 9, 211

Kissinger, Henry: and Sino-American relations, 114-15, 124, 132, 141-43, 146, 282-85; and Indochina, 152-60, 172; and Nixon’s Indian policy, 180; and Soviet-American détente, 185, 188; and Middle East, 202-3; Moscow visit, 288; Peking visit, 289

KMT. See Kuomintang; China, Republic of KMY Irregulars, 251

Korea, 33, 46-50, 143-48, 178,228

Korean War, 46-50, 53

Kosygin, Alexei, 40, 42, 74, 90, 99, 106

Kozlov, Frol, 73

Kra Canal, 215-16

Kuala Lumpur. See Malaysia Kuomintang, 18, 43-45, 251; see also China, Republic of Kurile Islands, 220-21

Laird, Melvin, 133, 197

Lansdale, Edward, 22

Lao Dong, 80

Laos, 72, 78-82, 86-88, 150, 157-67

Le Due Tho, 152, 155

Lee Kuan Yew, 19, 260-63, 272

Lin Piao, 71, 75-76, 100, 104-5, 108-9, 114-15, 132, 223, 275-76

Liu Shao-ch’i, 248-49

Lo Hsing-han, 251

Lo Jui-ch’ing, 99-100

Lon Nol, 169-72

Long Live the Victory of People’s War, 114-15

MacArthur, Douglas, 4-6, 47-49

McCarthy, Joseph, 52

Magsaysay, Ramon, 22

Malaya, 21-22, 259-61

Malays, 259-62

Malaysia, 18-19, 259-63

Malenkov, Georgi, 36, 70

Manchuria, 34, 46

Mao Tse-tung: Stalin’s bargaining with, 23, 52; and Sino-Soviet relations, 44-47, 70-74; and Korean War, 47-48; foreign policy of, 60-77; rivalry with Khrushchev, 70-74; rejection of Kosygin overtures, 99; and Cultural Revolution, 102-3; and Lin Piao, 104; mentioned, 106, 175; and Sino-American détente, 114, 131, 136, 141, 143; denounces U.S. role in Cambodia, 170; post-Cultural Revolution policies, 275-78; possible effects of death, 279-80, 289, 291-92; anti-Soviet fixation of, 292

Marcos, Ferdinand, 178, 263-65

Marshall, George C., 34

Marshall Plan, 31

MBFR, 205-6

MCA (Malayan Chinese Association), 260-61

Medium range ballistic missile, 190-91, 207

Medvedev, Roy, 200

Mendés-France, Pierre, 81-82

Middle East, Soviet policy in, 195-203, 287

Mills, Wilbur, 134

MIRV, 186, 191-92, 207-8

missiles, ballistic, 39, 189-92, 207

Mohammed, Ghulam, 16

Molotov, Vyacheslav, 36, 81-82

Mongolian People’s Republic, 46, 60, 101, 106-7, 175-7

Moscow. See Soviet Union Moslems: and India-Pakistani struggle, 11-16; in Philippines, 264-65

MRBM, 190-91, 207

Mujibur Rahman (Mujib), 236-38, 243-44

Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle, 186, 191-92, 207-8

multipolarity, Asian, 273-95

Mutual and Balanced Forces Reductions, 205-6

Narong, Colonel, 254

Nasser, Gamal, 41, 187

National Council of National Reconciliation and Concord, 155-59, 163

National Liberation Front, 150-55, 159-63, 171

nationalism, Chinese, 279-81

Nationalist China. See China, Republic of

NATO, 32, 36, 79, 81, 204-6

Ne Win, 21, 248-51

Nehru, Jawaharlal, 12-15, 23, 64-65, 73, 230-31

neutral countries, 64-67

New People’s Army, 264-65

Nixon, Richard M.: Chou’s overtures to, 104, 119; Cambodian withdrawal by, 108; Chinese and Soviet “tilts” towards, 111-16, 119-20; Asian policy of, 128-30; détente with China, 128-36; disengagement from Vietnam, 152-57, 162, 170-72; détente with Soviets, 184-202, 208; shifting Asian priorities of, 174-81; and Japan, 216-17; Jakarta visit, 268; and Sino-American relations, 283-84

Nixon Doctrine, 129-30, 146, 178-79, 216, 253

Nkrumah, Kwame, 41, 136

NLF, 150-55, 159-63, 171, 256-59

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 32, 36, 79, 81, 204-6

North Korea, 46-50, 53, 144-48

North Vietnam, 78-93, 113, 120, 126-28, 140, 149-64, 255-59; see also Vietnam War

nuclear weapons: China’s, 68, 74, 98, 280-81, 190-91; India’s, 245; Japan’s, 218, 294; test ban on, 39

Ohira, Masayoshi, 217, 224

oil: embargoes, 201-2; and Japanese policy, 209-10, 214-15, 219; Sino-Japanese reserves, 226

Okinawa, 8, 9, 98, 133-34, 176-77, 212, 216-17 Ostpolitik, 187, 204-5

Outer Mongolia. See Mongolian People’s Republic

Pakistan: independence granted to, 12-13; failure of parliamentary government in, 15-17; Indo-Pakistani War, 75, 117-18, 179-81; U.S. “tilt” to, 179-81; and India, 230-46; internal politics of, 233-35, 240-41

PAP, 19, 260, 262

Papua New Guinea, 270

Paracel Islands, 272, 287

Paris peace talks, 150-54, 258

Park Chung Hee, 144-47

Pathet Lao, 82, 86, 87, 164-67, 171 “peaceful coexistence,” 64-65, 112, 117

Peking. See China, People’s Republic of P’eng Te-hua, 71

People’s Action Party, 19, 260, 262

People’s Republic of China. See China, People’s Republic of “people’s wars,” 62, 100, 109

Pertamina, 267

Pham Van Dong, 156-57

Philippines: independence of, 17-18; Communist uprisings in, 22-23; Marcos’ domination of, 263-65

PKI, 22, 265, 267

Poland, 29-30

Praphat Charusathien, 252-54

PRC. See China, People’s Republic of PRG (Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam), 152-53, 257

-Pushtunistan, 246

Quemoy, 69

Rahman, Tengku Abdul, 260-61

Rangoon. See Burma

Razak, Tun Abdul, 261

Red Guard movement, 76-77, 102, 104, 108, 274-77

regionalism in Southeast Asia, 268-69

Republic of China. See China, Republic of

Rhee, Syngman, 33, 47, 144

Ridgway, Matthew, 49 “rocket rattling,” 36-37

Romania, 122, 187

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 27-29

Rusk, Dean, 42

Russia. See Soviet Union

Sadat, Anwar, 193, 203

Saigon. See South Vietnam

Sakharov, Andrei, 200

SALT, 108, 112, 186-97, 207-8

Sanya Thammasak, 255

Sarit Thannarat, 252

Sato, Eisaku, 9, 98, 119, 133, 176, 211-12, 216-17, 224

Schlesinger, James, 197

SEATO, 16-17, 24, 54, 65, 81, 268

Senkaku islands, 223

Shanghai Communiqué, 136-40

Shastri, Lai Bahadur, 15, 231

Shelepin, Alexandr, 109

Shelest, Pytor, 113, 189

Sihanouk, Norodom, 107, 168-69, 171-72

Sikkim, 246

Singapore, 191, 260, 262-63

Sirik Matak, 170

SLBM, 189-92, 207

Smith, Howard K., 129, 185

Snow, Edgar, 131

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 196, 200, 206

South Asia, independence in, 11-13

South Korea, 47-50, 53, 143-48, 178, 228

South Vietnam, 78-93, 126-28, 140, 149-64, 255-59; see also Vietnam War

Southeast Asia: Burma, 247-52; Thailand, 252-55; Vietnam, 255-59; Malaysia, 259-62; Singapore, 262-63; Philippines, 263-65; Indonesia, 265-68; regionalism in, 268-69

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 16-17, 24, 54, 65, 81, 268

Souvanna Phouma, 86-87, 164-67

Soviet Union: Nehru’s relations with, 14; and Asian uprisings, 23; Cold War with U.S., 26-42, 185; relations with China, 43-50, 60-77, 97-114 285-95; involvement in Indochina War, 78-93; confrontation with China, 97-124; strategic parity with U.S., 97-98; “tilt” toward U.S., 111-16; friendship treaty with India, 114-15; and Asian “collective security,” 116-21; Middle Eastern policy, 195-203, 287; détente with U.S., 184-208; views on East-West relations, 198-200; and Japan, 220-21; and India, 238-39, 242-43; influence in Southeast Asia, 270-71; possible war with China, 285-86; future Asian relations, 286-95

Stalin, Josef: and occupation of Japan, 4; opposition to German peace treaty, 8; and Communist uprisings in Asia, 20-23; Cold War role, 27-35; Khrushchev’s attack on, 37, 70; and Sino-Soviet relations, 44-47, 52, 63; and Korean War, 47-50; and the French, 78-79; and Suez crisis, 182; hostility to Israel, 200

Straits of Malacca, 272

Strategic arms limitation talks, 108, 112, 186-97, 207-8

strategic parity, 47-98, 186-87, 191, 199, 207; see also SALT Strauss, Franz Josef, 203

Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles, 189-92, 207

Suez Canal, 36-37, 182

Suharto, General, 265

Sukarno, Achmed, 19-24, 66, 75, 265-67

Sun Yat-sen, 43

Suslov, Mikhail, 103, 200

Taiwan: and Japanese peace treaty, 7; U.S. commitment to defend, 50, 52, 55; re-unification with China (“liberation” of), 67-69, 73, 281; Soviet gestures toward, 110; and Nixon administration, 112; withdrawal of U.S. troops from, 177; and Japan, 223-26; see also China, Republic of

Taiwan Straits, 37, 66-69

Tanaka, Kakuei, 119-20, 212-13, 217, 221-26, 229, 267

Tanzania, 62

Taylor, Maxwell D., 88

Teng Hsiao-p’ing, 276-77

Tet offensive, 92, 126, 127, 149-50

Thailand, 54, 65, 177, 252-55

Than Tun, 21

Thanat Khoman, 253

Thanom Kittikachorn, 252-54

Thieu, Nguyen Van, 92, 153-58, 256

Third Vietnam, 257-58

Third World: common action by, 23-25; and Cold War, 41-42; China’s policies on, 62

Tiao Yü T’ai islands, 223

Tibet, 64-65

Tito, Marshal, 31, 49, 122

Tiumen pipeline, 220-21

Tonkin Gulf Resolution, 55, 89

trade, Sino-American, 284-85

Truman, Harry S, 4, 33, 48-53, 185

Truman Doctrine, 30-31

U Nu, 18, 21, 247, 249

U Thant, 38, 41

Ulan Bator, 175

UMNO (United Malay National Organization), 260-61

United Nations: and U.S. policy on China, 55-56; China’s representation in, 134

United States: and Cold War, 26-42, 185; and Korean War, 47-50; Asian containment policy of, 51-58; involvement in Indochina War, 79-93, 99-101, 149-73; strategic parity with Soviets, 97-98; Sino-Soviet “tilts” toward, 111-16, 278; détente with China, 125-48, 194; conflict with Japan over détente with China, 132-35; disengagement from Indochina, 149-73; shifting priorities in Asia, 174-83; détente with Soviets, 184-208; view of East-West relations, 195-98; and Japan, 218-19; and Thailand, 253; continued aid to Saigon, 258-59; in Southeast Asia, 269-71; future of relations with China, 282-86

USSR. See Soviet Union Ussuri River, 105, 288

Vargas, Jesus, 22

Vietnam, 78-93, 113, 120, 126-28, 140, 149-64, 255-59

Vietnam War: escalation’s effect on Soviets, 40; and possible Sino-American clash, 57-58; and Sino-Soviet relations, 74-75; American involvement in, 86-93; ^Tet offensive, 92, 126, 127, 149-50; Maoist position on, 99-101; and Sino-American détente, 125-28, 131, 140; U.S. disengagement from, 149-73; agreements on, 150-73; Paris peace talks, 150-54; Easter offensive, 154-55; South Vietnam Agreement, 159-62; in Laos, 164-67; in Cambodia, 167-73; “peace” only a theory, 255-59

Waldheim, Kurt, 161

Warsaw Pact, 36, 37, 42, 101, 105, 204-6

WASAG (Washington Special Action Group), 180

Watergate controversy, 194, 198

weapons control. See SALT West Bengal, 232

West Berlin, 205

West Germany, 31-32, 36, 186-90, 203-7

West Irian, 19

West Malaysia, 259-62

West Pakistan, 234, 244

Western Europe, Stalin’s failure in, 31

Whitlam, Gough, 270

Yahya Khan, Mohammed, 180-81, 235-40

Yoshida, Shigeru, 211

Yugoslavia, 122

Zhdanov, Andrei, 21