INDEX

accumulation: 3, 4, 230–57; equilibrium conditions and, 124–73; growth rate of income and, 188–97, 305–25, 480–87; in planning, 402, 492–502; Marxian theory, 10–11, 150, 230; primary (primitive) socialist accumulation, 127, 130–32, 135–36, 141, 147–48, 151–52, 165, 168, 171, 230–57, 258, 260; strategies of development and, 217–18, 230–57; see also investment

agriculture: backwardness of, in strategies of development, 270, 273–78; equilibrium conditions and, 131, 138, 149, 153–59, 169–72; in Balance and turnover record, 25–26, 29, 37, 39, 47–48, 57, 60–63, 66, 71–73, 78–79, 82, 85–87, 88–96, 99–113; in Quesnay’s scheme, 8, 13–14; planning and, 299, 366, 414, 418–19, 424, 434–35; relation with other branches, 34–35, 66–79, 85, 156–59, 167, 204, 205–206, 213 n, 215–20, 260–65, 270–74, 363, 373–74, 395, 434–35, 439, 447–48, 457, 463

amortization, and growth rate of income, 183–87, 304, 307, 321–23, 480

balance, economic: 3, 5–98; compared with enterprise balance sheet, 20–24; construction of, 16–17, 20–53; Control Figures and, 393, 402–404; definition, 5–6; Marxian theory, 7–9, 14–16, 95; plan co-ordination and, 373, 433–37, 450–51; Quesnay’s scheme and, 8–9, 14–15; theoretical foundations of, 6–9, 13–16, 88–89, 93–94; see also capital balance; fuel-power balance; turnover record

Barengol’ts, M.: 4; article by, 99–123

Bazarov, V.: 204, 281, 359, 455–56; articles by, 221–29, 283–93, 365–77; critiques of, 294–98, 299–303

Boiarskii, A., article by, 294–98

branches of the economy: in Balance and turnover record, 16–17, 30–33, 40; Marxian theory, 8–9, 14; relations among, 5–9, 14–17, 35–40, 45, 117–23, 207, 263; see also sector, economic

Bukharin, N. I.: 14, 204, 275, 362; article by, 258–65; on Marx’s model of reproduction, 9–12, 95

capital: 3, 4; commodity shortage and allocation of, 206–209; efficiency of, 332–44, 345–56; formation of, 204, 214, 264–65; growth rate of income and, 174–99, 301–302, 304–31, 479; in Balance and turnover record, 9, 12, 22–23, 97; in Control Figures, 395–98; in Quesnay’s scheme, 8; in strategies of development, 219–20, 223–28; Marxian theory, 10–11, 143, 174, 251; planning of, 491–92, 498; see also capital balance; circulating capital; constant capital

capital balance, 22–24, 31, 96; see also balance, economic; fuel-power balance; turnover record

capital goods, 15, 31, 447; see also means of production; producers’ goods

capitalism: 3; capital efficiency under, 184–87, 322–23, 345–47; compared with socialism, 15, 232–35, 247, 252–55, 296, 301–303; compared with Soviet economy, 125, 138, 141–43, 165–67, 171, 221–23, 258, 267–72, 294–303, 367–68, 434, 454, 469, 499–500; crises under, 138–39, 187, 192, 213; hostility to USSR, 173, 222, 267–70, 371, 420, 424, 456, 463; Marxian theory, 7–8, 12–14, 18, 125, 143, 150, 155, 158–60, 164; monopoly in, and planning, 361; primary accumulation under, 230–43, 254–55; reconstruction under, 259–60

circulating capital (V): growth rate of income and, 179, 196–98, 322; Marxian theory, 9–10

Cobb-Douglas analysis, and criteria of capital efficiency, 337–43

commodity shortage: 205–11; relations with reserves, foreign trade, and investment, 212–13; see also goods famine

constant (basic) capital: equilibrium conditions and, 126–27, 133, 146, 154, 165; growth rate of income and, 176; in decadent, static, and expanding economies, 15–16; Marxian theory, 9–12

construction: in Balance and turnover record, 26–27, 38, 40–41, 48, 68–70, 85–86, 88–89, 96, 113, 116, 122–23; in planning sequence, 435–36; relation with other branches, 69

consumers’ goods: 4; capital-output ratio of, 140; commodity shortage and, 205–208; equilibrium conditions and, 125–32, 137, 147–58, 163–70; growth rate of income and, 175–80, 186, 189, 281, 312, 315–16, 321; in Balance and turnover record, 25, 27, 29–31, 43–44, 54, 82, 89; Marxian theory, 7, 9, 11, 16, 125–26, 177; planning of, 446–47; see also means of subsistence

consumption: 3; equilibrium conditions and, 130–31, 151–58, 164–70; growth rate of income and, 174–99, 304–31, 478–89; in Balance and turnover record, 12–15, 23, 29, 31, 37–38, 41–44, 48, 50, 54, 82, 85–89, 96, 113; in Quesnay’s scheme, 8–9, 14; Marxian theory, 10–12, 95; nonproductive consumption and equilibrium conditions, 127, 130–32, 135–36, 144–45, 149–52, 157–70; planning of, 491–99; social needs and, 30, 55, 82

Control Figures: articles on, 393–400, 401–407, 408–10, 461–70; balance estimates method, 402–404, 408; coefficients method, 393–95, 401, 408, 431; expert estimates method, 393, 395–98, 401, 404–407, 408; in planning, 393–400, 401–407, 408–10, 428, 430–31, 461–70; prewar figures as scale of, 394, 398–400, 401, 407–408

cost, and determination of value of output, 28–29, 34, 36, 47–48, 90

Credit, in socialist accumulation, 238–40, 257

demand: in Balance and turnover record, 12, 31, 38; in recovery process, 290; of consumers, under capitalism vs. socialism, 367–68; structure of, and reconstruction, 262–64

distribution: in Balance and turnover record, 6, 8, 12–19, 21, 24, 26–27, 29–30, 32, 34, 38–39, 44, 54–56, 74, 79, 83–87, 89; in Quesnay’s scheme, 8–9, 13–14; Marxian theory, 14, 16, 95; under capitalism and socialism, 14–15; unity with production, 5–8, 12–19, 21, 23, 26, 29, 38

efficiency, economic: articles on, 332–44, 345–56; coefficients of, in planning, 482–89; comparison with U.S., 339–43; in Control Figures, 409; of capital investments (effectiveness), 332–44, 345–56, 457, 465–66; theory of diminishing growth rates and, 301

efficiency of capital utilization: 281–82; growth rate of income and, 174–99, 304–31, 479–89

electrification: in planning, 369–70, 423, 471–72; in strategies of development, 221–27, 271–72

Engels, F., 297, 423

enterprises: in Balance and turnover record, 6, 20–24, 27, 32–35; in interindustry turnover, 114–15, 118–19

equilibrium: article on, 124–73; genetic view of economy and, 363–64; “harmonious” development and, 312–15; in Balance and turnover record, 5–6, 11–15; in recovery process, 283–93, 299; Marxian theory, 14, 124–25, 143, 150, 155, 158–60, 164–65; seven conditions of, 132–73

exchange: 3; as integrating factor in reproduction, 6, 8, 13–15; equilibrium conditions and, 124–25, 135, 172; in Quesnay’s scheme, 8, 13–14; Marxian theory, 10–11, 14, 95; socialist accumulation and, 234, 240–45, 250–53

expenditure, in Balance and turnover record, 24, 27, 31, 38–44, 96

exports: commodity shortage and, 209–10; equilibrium conditions and, 137, 140, 147, 155–59, 164, 169–70, 173; in Balance and turnover record, 30–31, 39, 43–44, 48; socialist accumulation and, 245–47; strategies of development and, 214–17, 225, 261, 263–65, 270

Fel’dman, G.A.: 3, 4, 281, 282, 360; articles by, 174–99, 304–31, 478–89

fixed capital: and growth rate of income, 175, 179, 196–98; see also capital

foreign trade: growth rate of income and, 323–27, 463; in Control Figures, 405–406; in planning, 372, 436, 459; socialist accumulation and, 245–47

fuel: equilibrium conditions and, 166; in Balance and turnover record, 29–31, 54, 88–89, 96, 101; interindustry turnover of, 119–20

fuel-power balance: 22–24, 96; see also balance, economic; capital balance; turnover record

Gol’dberg, R.: 281; article by, 332–44

goods famine: equilibrium conditions and, 137, 155–58, 164; grain problem and, 277–78; investment and, 212–13; see also commodity shortage

Gosplan: 411–25, 429, 432, 438–39, 445, 448–49, 453, 461–62; articles by, 393–400, 401–407, 408–410, 471–73, 474–77

Groman, V.G.: 4, 283, 294, 296, 359, 379, 390, 395; articles by, 95–98, 361–64; critique of, 299

gross value of output, and criteria of capital efficiency, 333–36

growth, economic: 3, 4, 203–204, 281–82; articles on, 203–356; Control Figures and rate of, 406–407; growth rate of income, 174–99, 304–31, 478–89; optimum plan, and rate of, 367–69, 374–75, 485–89; rate of, defined, 304, 478; rates of, in recovery and in reconstruction, 297, 299; theory of diminishing rates of, 294–303

imports: equilibrium conditions and, 126–27, 131, 145–48, 155–57, 164, 167, 169; in Balance and turnover record, 6, 27, 30, 37–38, 43–44, 48, 82; in strategies of development, 206–12, 216–17, 222, 261, 270; planning of, 270; socialist accumulation and, 247–50, 257

income: 3, 4; growth rate of (national), 174–99, 304–31, 478–89; in Balance and turnover record, 9, 12, 17, 23, 28, 39, 42, 54, 89–90, 96; in Quesnay’s scheme, 8; Marxian theory, 10–11

industrialization: 3; article on, 266–78; external and internal conditions of, 267–73; rate of, and Right Opposition, 266–78, 458

industry: in Balance and turnover record, 26, 33–39, 44, 47, 64–68, 72, 75–79, 82, 85–87, 88–89, 96, 99–115, 117; in Quesnay’s scheme, 13; in recovery process 394; planning in, 299, 434–35; relation with agriculture, 34–36, 66–68, 71–79, 156–59, 167, 204–206, 213n, 215–20, 260–65, 270–74, 294, 363, 373–74, 395, 434–35, 439, 447, 457, 463; strategies of development and, 214–17, 270

input-output analysis: 3, 4; see also balance, economic; turnover record

interindustry consumption and turnover: 88, 90, 99, 110–23; in Balance and turnover record, 91–93; prices and, 116, 121; stability of technical coefficients and, 116; valuation of, 118–19

investment: 203–204; efficiency of, 332–44, 345–56; equilibrium conditions and, 154; planning in, 412–13, 429–30, 434–35, 501; strategies of development and, 209–12, 216–17, 266, 273; see also accumulation

Kondrat’ev, N.D.: 294, 296, 360, 455–58; article by, 438–51

Kovalevskii, N.A., article by, 490–502

Krzhizhanovskii, G.M.: 281, 438n, 439, 456, 501; articles by, 414–25, 461–70

labor: criteria of capital efficiency and, 334–36, 345–56; equilibrium conditions and, 148–66, 168, 170, 172; growth rate of income and, 182–88, 304–31, 479, 488; in Balance and turnover record, 23–24, 27, 32–35; in Quesnay’s scheme, 13–14; Marxian theory, 9; planning and, 396, 435–36, 463–64, 490–502; strategies of development and, 205, 207, 221–22, 226–28, 233

Lenin, V.I.: 264, 361, 386, 415, 423, 462, 495; on catching and surpassing capitalism, 268–70; on electrification, 271–72, 472

Leontief, W.: 4; article by, 88–94

Litoshenko, L.N.: 3, 4; article by, 20–53

market: equilibrium conditions and, 169; in Balance and turnover record, 26, 29, 35–36, 38, 40, 45, 50; planning and, 361; Soviet, article on, 99–123

Marx, Karl: 3; Capital, 3, 7, 9, 124, 150, 164, 178n, 207, 230n, 251n, 491; Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy, 98; Theory of Surplus Value, 8–9; see also Marxian theory

Marxian theory: algebraic exposition of, 9–12, 95; Balance methodology and, 7, 9, 13–18, 54, 95–98; capital theory, 251, 282; capitalism, 7–9, 14, 230; economic equilibrium and, 124–25, 143, 150, 155, 158–60, 164–65; growth rate of income and, 174, 177–78, 481; interindustry turnover and, 117; planning and, 491, 495; schema of reproduction, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12–16, 95, 125–26, 150, 178, 491; strategies of development and, 207, 225, 259

means of production: equilibrium conditions and, 127, 130–31, 136, 144–55, 158, 161–65, 168–71; growth rate of income and, 176–80, 189; in Balance and turnover record, 15, 18, 22; in interindustry turnover, 113, 116; industrialization and, 266, 277; Marxian theory, 10–11, 14, 16, 18, 29–32, 54, 82, 86, 88–89; socialist accumulation and, 234–35; see also capital goods; producers’ goods

means of subsistence: commodity shortage and, 207; in Balance and turnover record , 7–8, 10–16, 18; Marxian theory, 7–10, 14, 16; see also consumers’ goods

national economy: as single process of production and distribution, 41, 46; Balance of, articles on, 5–98; compared with enterprise, 20–24; proportions of individual and communal economies in, 27

New Economic Policy (NEP), 384–86, 394

output: 4, 203–204; equilibrium conditions, and growth rate of, 164; in Balance and turnover record, 6–8, 12, 17, 24, 27–28, 34–39, 42, 47; Marxian theory, 9; see also income; product

planning: 4; administration of, 300, 382–83; articles on, 359–502; Control Figures in, 393–400, 401–407, 408–10; fuel-power problem and, 416–18, 423–24; goals and, 378–92, 432–33; law of value and, 142, 157; methods of, 415, 421–23, 428–29, 445–46, 478–89, 490–502; “optimum” planning, 366–69, 372; sequence of, 434–37; strategies of development and, 221–29; teleological-genetic debate, 362–66, 378–82, 394, 426–32, 436, 440, 454–55, 495; variants of Five-Year Plans, 476–77, 495, 498

Popov, P.I.: 3, 4, 88n, 95, 96; articles by, 5–19, 54–87

Preobrazhenskii, E.A.: 3, 4, 204; articles by, 124–73, 230–57; critique of, 260

price: equilibrium conditions and, 127n, 131, 133–37, 141–42, 147, 166–71, 173; in Balance and turnover record, 28, 45–53, 88–89; in interindustry consumption and turnover, 100, 105, 116, 118–19, 121; planning and, 157, 376–77, 397–98; “scissors” relationships, 462–63; socialist accumulation and, 249–53, 257

producers’ goods: 4; equilibrium conditions and, 155, 160–64; growth rate of income and, 174–79, 281; in Balance and turnover record, 7–8, 12, 22–23, 27–30, 54, 82; interindustry consumption of, 120; Marxian theory, 7–9, 14, 16, 125–26; strategies of development and, 222; see also capital goods; means of production

product: in Balance and turnover record, 7, 11, 15, 17–18, 26, 29–33, 36–41, 43, 54, 90–93; Marxian theory, 7–11; see also income; output

production: growth rate of, 174–99, 304–31; in Balance and turnover record, 5–19, 21–39, 54–55, 58–59, 82, 87, 89; in interindustry turnover, 116–17; Marxian theory, 3, 7–10, 13, 95; unity with distribution, 5–8, 12–19, 21, 23, 26, 29, 38

productivity: 3, 302; of labor, and growth rate of income, 174–99, 304–31, 479, 488; Soviet, compared with U.S., 495–501

profits: 3; criteria of capital efficiency and, 332, 336, 344–48; growth rate of income and,481; in enterprise vs. national economy, 20–24

Quesnay, Francois: Balance methodology and, 6, 8, 13–14, 95–96; Marx on, 8–9, 13–14; scheme of reproduction, 12–16

Ragol’skii, M., article by, 299–303

rationalization: efficiency of Soviet economy and, 221–23, 226–27, 235–36, 241, 258; reconstruction process and, 463–67

raw materials: equilibrium conditions and, 147, 162; in Balance and turnover record, 29–36, 47, 54, 88–89, 96; in interindustry turnover, 101; strategies of development and, 263–65

recovery process: article on, 283–93; defined in terms of equilibrium, 283–86, 299; diminishing growth rate and, 300; empirical laws of economy and, 362, 394, 399; relation with reconstruction, 297, 401–404, 414–15

reproduction: equilibrium conditions and, 132–35, 142, 150–53; growth rate of income and, 176–83; in Balance and turnover record, 7–14, 17–18, 55, 79; in Quesnay’s scheme, 8, 12; Marxian theory, 7–14, 16, 18, 150; planning and coefficient of, 493; Soviet, 125–26, 131–32, 157–58

reserves: commodity shortage and, 212–13; in Balance and turnover record, 6, 21, 23, 37–39, 43–44, 48, 50–53, 82–83

Rozentul, S.: 281; article by, 345–56

sector, economic: 3, 4; equilibrium conditions and, 124–30, 136; growth rate of income and, 182, 203–204; in Balance and turnover record, 20–25, 28, 32, 39, 41, 44–45; state-private relations, 132–42, 148–66; see also branches of the economy

Shanin, L.: 204, 457; articles by, 205–11, 212–20

Sharov, S., article by, 378–92

social needs: definition, 55; satisfaction of, from Balance and turnover record, 21, 30–31, 38–39, 82

socialism: achievement of, and technology, 267–73; compared with capitalism, 15, 232–35, 247, 252–55, 296, 301–303; equilibrium conditions and, 167n; Marxian theory, 3, 8, 13; planning and, 384–86, 426, 444

Soviet economy: 3; Balance and turnover record of, 18–19, 22–23, 31, 33, 54–87, 96–97; compared with capitalism, 125, 138, 141–43, 165–67, 171, 221–23, 258, 267–72, 294–303, 367–68, 434, 454, 469, 499–500; labor productivity, compared with U.S., 495–501; law of value in, 141–42, 148n; Marxian theory and, 13–18; recovery and reconstruction of, 140–41, 172–73, 209, 258–65, 281; socialist protectionism in, 245, 248–50, 255; strategies of development in, 221–22, 233–35, 258–65

Stalin, J. V.: 204, 303; article by, 266–78

strategies of development: 203–204; articles on, 205–78; planning and, 221–29; relations with world market and, 222–25; relative growth of agriculture and industry in, 205–20

structure, economic: 4, 181; aim of NEP and, 384–85; index of, and growth rate of income, 181, 184, 194, 196–97, 199, 304–31

Strumilin, S.G.: 281, 359, 414, 422n, 424; articles by, 411–13, 426–37, 452–60; critique of, 438–51

Supreme Council of the National Economy (SCNE), 99, 123, 396, 402, 405, 459, 475

surplus value (product) (M): diminishing growth rates and, 301–303; equilibrium conditions and, 127, 130–32, 136, 143–44, 149–52, 161–62, 165, 170, 172; growth rate of income and, 180, 323, 481; in Balance and turnover record, 8–14, 17; in socialist accumulation, 234–37, 241–43, 252–57, 261; Marxian theory, 9–12, 164; strategies of development and, 219–20

taxes: in Balance and turnover record, 41, 43, 48; in socialist accumulation, 130, 236; Marxian theory, 164

technology: in agriculture vs. industry, 33–35; strategies of development and, 221–27, 233, 258, 267–78, 465, 496–97

trade: 3; equilibrium conditions and, 165–66; in Balance and turnover record, 28–31, 37–53, 79, 83, 85–86, 89; planning and, 436; socialist accumulation, 241–48

transition, as form of social economy: compared with capitalism and socialism, 15; Marxian theory, 8, 13

transportation: equilibrium conditions and, 166, 168; in Balance and turnover record, 22, 27–28, 38–41, 46–48, 51, 70–71, 79, 83, 85–86, 89, 96; planning and, 435, 496; strategies of development and, 225–26

Trotsky, Leon, superindustrialist policies criticized, 259–61, 263, 491

turnover record: as basic part of Balance, 22–52; see also balance, economic; capital balance; fuel-power balance

value added, in criteria of capital efficiency, 334–36, 354

variable capital (V): growth rate of income and, 176; in accumulation from surplus value, 10; Marxian theory, 11–12

wages: criteria of capital efficiency and, 343–44, 347–48, 354; equilibrium conditions and, 126–27, 144, 154–55, 158, 164–68, 172; in Balance and turnover record, 21, 34, 41; Marxian theory, 11, 164