“Form of Entries” in “Leopold’s Bibliography of Child Language” | Open Indiana

FORM OF ENTRIES

Each entry consists of a bibliographical reference and one or more codes giving information as to the content of the reference. The order of information in an entry is always: last name(s) and initials, year, title, location, codes. For journals and other serial publications, location includes: title of publication, volume and/or issue number, pages. For books, location includes: place of publication, publisher. If an entry is available in another language or in another publication, such information is listed as “Also in . . .,” provided between square brackets before the codes. If such an additional reference is by the same author as the main entry, the author’s name is not repeated. Several publications by one author in the same year are noted by letters after the year (1966a, 1966b, etc.).

The content codes appear in parentheses at the end of each entry, and constitute the topic headings of the index at the end of the bibliography. If the reference presents specific information about child speech in a particular language (or languages), first position after the reference is taken by the code(s) for language(s). The next position, if relevant, indicates whether the study was experimental (X) or biographical (BG). The subsequent codes, in alphabetical order, refer to the content of the reference. An asterisk appearing in final position indicates that the coder did not read the reference itself, but coded it on the basis of its title or other information.t Codes followed by an asterisk, therefore, should be taken cautiously, as they probably do not represent the full content of the reference. The sequence of codes thus consists of the following options: (language(s) of child) (experimental or biographical study) (content of reference) (*).

The codes and their definitions are given below. It is hoped that the alliterative devices inherent in the codes will be apparent and useful to the reader.

CODES

Language of Child

AF	African
AI	Amerindian
AL	Algonquin
AR	Arabie
B	Bulgarian
BA	Bantu
BU	Burmese
C	Chinese
CO	Comanche
CZ	Czech
DA	Danish
DU	Dutch
E	English
ES	Estonian
F	French
FI	Finnish
FL	Flemish
G	German
GA	Garo
GE	Georgian
GI	Gilyak
GR	Greek
H	Hungarian
HE	Hebrew
HP	Hopi
I	Italian
IC	Icelandic
IR	Iroquois
J	Japanese
K	Korean
L	Latvian
LI	Lithuanian
MA	Marathi
MY	Malay
N	Norwegian
NA	Navaho
P	Polish
PI	Pidgin
PN	Polynesian
PO	Portuguese
R	Russian
RO	Romanian
RU	Ruthenian
S	Spanish
SA	Samoan
SE	Serbian
SL	Slovenian
SW	Swedish
T	Turkish
U	Ukrainian
W	Wolof
WE	Welsh
Y	Yiddish

Content Categories

A	aphasia (coded only if dealing with aphasia in childhood)
AC	acoustic analysis of child speech
AP	anatomy and physiology, biological foundations of language
BB	babbling
BG	biographical study (case studies, diaries, longitudinal studies of individual children, etc.)
BI	bibliography (coded only if reference has extensive bibliographical listing)
BL	blind child
BT	baby talk (special forms of adult speech directed to children)
CR	crying and other prelinguistic sounds produced by the child
D	deaf child
DB	deaf-blind child
DI	dialect (coded if reference deals with child’s acquisition or use of dialect)
DP	deaf parent(s)
FQ	frequency counts of linguistic forms in child speech
FW	first words
GC	grammatical categories (coded if any of the grammatical categories listed below are discussed in passing, or are suggested by the title) GC-A aspect GC-C case GC-G gender GC-M mood GC-N number GC-P person GC-T tense
HO	homonymy
IL	invented language, secret language
IM	imitation of adult speech
IN	intonation
LP	language pathology
M	morphology (coded if passing mention is made to inflections or parts of speech, or if such topics are suggested by the title).
ME	methodology (test construction, experimental design, recording techniques, eliciting techniques, etc.)
MI	metalinguistic interest of the child
ML	multilingual child (includes bilingual)
MR	mentally retarded child
MU	mute child
NG	negative (development of linguistic forms of negation)
PA	parental speech
PD	pronunciation defects
PH	phonology, pronunciation
PP	psychopathological child
PS	parts of speech (coded if any of the parts of speech listed below are discussed in passing, or are suggested by the title) PS-A adjectives PS-AD adverbs PS-AR articles PS-N nouns PS-P pronouns PS-PP prepositions PS-V verbs
Q	questions (development of interrogative forms)
RL	review of literature (coded if reference is mainly a review of the literature, or presents an extensive review)
RR	reduplication, repetition
RS	response to sound
SC	speech comprehension
SD	speech-delayed child
SO	sociolinguistic factors (effects upon language and speech of such factors as social setting, social class, etc.)
SP	speech perception
SS	semantic system (development of word meanings, conceptual categories underlying language, etc.)
ST	stuttering, stammering
SX	sex differences
SY	syntax
TH	theoretical discussion (coded only if reference presents an extended theoretical discussion of an aspect of language acquisition)
TW	twins, multiple births
V	vocabulary
X	experimental study (a controlled, psycholinguistic study, generally performed in a laboratory or school setting and using several children or more as subjects)
*	reference not read by coder

† The coders were: Jennifer Badger, Charles A. Ferguson, W. Kaper, David L. Olmsted, Jaroslava Pačesová, Tatiana Slama-Cazacu, Dan I. Slobin, and Carolyn War drip.

Russian Transliteration