Index

“A.M. P.T.” (Vysotsky), 169–170

Aksenov, Vasily, 82, 113, 137, 154

Aleshkovsky, Yuz, 5, 77, 88, 222

Alferov, Vasily, 36

Almanacs. See Anthologies

Almazov, Boris, 105, 106

“Along the Smolensk Road” (Okudzhava), 129

Amateur song, 45–46, 49–53

Amateur songwriters, 43–44, 47–48, 49, 91

Amis, Kingsley, 226–227

“An Old Song” (Galich), 215

Ancharov, Mikhail, 105, 107–108

Andreev, Yury, 45–46, 53, 57, 91

Andrianova, Yu., 56

“Anna Karenina,” 68–69

Anthologies: magnitizdat song, 99, 100–102, 103, 118, 154–166, 185–186; official, 13–14, 55–56, 101, 114, 176

“The Anti-Semites” (Vysotsky), 167–168

Apukhtin, Aleksei, 61

“The Arbat Kids” (Okudzhava), 124

Ardis, 118

“The Aristocrats” (Pogodin), 72

Auden, W. H., 226–227

Autobiographical song themes, 124, 136–139. 156, 173–174, 204–205

Bach, Johann Sebastian, 186–188

Bagritsky, Eduard, 181

“Ballad about Colors” (Rozhdestvensky), 28

“The Ballad of Surplus Value” (Galich), 194, 222–223

Banner (journal), 79

“A Battle Painting” (Okudzhava), 128

Bernes, Mark, 31

Biermann, Wolf, 87, 229

“The Birth of a Song” (Oshanin), 50

Blanter, Matvei, 52, 182

“The Blue Balloon” (Okudzhava), 143–144

Bragina, A. A., 48

Brassens, Georges, 87, 229

Brecht, Bertolt, 86

Brezhnev, Leonid I., 14, 120

“The Brigantine” (Kogan), 40–41, 46

British Broadcasting Company (BBC), 94

Bryusov, Valery, 64

“Bubliki” (Yadov), 65

Bukovsky, Vladimir, 89

Bulgakov, Mikhail, 34, 63, 92, 217

“Burn, Fire, Burn” (Okudzhava), 120

Carlisle, Olga, 45

Censorship, 12–13; folklore, 30; Galich, 182, 217; mass song, 15; media, 33–34; Okudzhava, 117–118, 125; Vysotsky, 154–155

Chekhov, Anton, 63

“City of Tents” (Tanich), 41–42

“Clouds” (Galich), 195–196

Collections. See Anthologies

“Composition No. 27, or Trolleybus Abstraction” (Galich), 225

“Comrade Stalin, You’re a Real Big Scholar” (Aleshkovsky), 76–77, 82

Concise Literary Encyclopedia, 182

“A Confession of Love” (Galich), 210–211, 212

Continent (journal), 213, 215

Daniel, Yuly, 80–81, 117

The Days of the Turbins (Bulgakov), 34, 63

de-Stalinization, 19, 60, 86

Derzhavin, Gavriil, 61

“A Dialogue” (Vysotsky), 163–166

Dissension, methods of, 91–92

Dissident media (see also Magnitizdat, Radizdat, Samizdat, Tamizdat), 92–95

“Do the Russians Want War?” (Yevtushenko), 29–30

Dobronravov, Nikolai, 25

Dobrovol’sky, B. M., 40, 46–48, 53, 91

Dol’sky, Aleksandr, 102–103

Dolmatovsky, Evgeny, 27

Dorizo, Nikolai, 22, 25

Doublethink, 58–59

The Dress Rehearsal (Galich), 183–184, 210

Dunham, Vera, 36

Dzerzhinsky, I., 50

Ekk, 72

Emigration, 92, 212–213

“The Enormous Sky” (Rozhdestvensky), 28

Esenin, Sergei, 65, 148, 160, 175

“Evenings near Moscow” (Matusovsky), 21–22

“Evil Spirits” (Vysotsky), 158

“Fame Is the Spur” (Galich), 198, 204–205

Fat’yanov, Aleksei, 28

Festival of Bards, 185

Folklore, 22, 67, 133–134, 157–159; amateur song as, 46, 47; censorship, 30; study, 30–31; underground song as, 85–86

“Forgive the Infantry” (Okudzhava), 127–128

Frumkin, Vladimir, 52, 118, 121

Galich, Aleksandr: acting career, 181; autobiographical song theme, 204–205; background, 1, 181, 182; censorship of, 182, 217; characterization in songs, 188–195; criticism of, 52; death of, 214; dissident works, 91, 184; emigration, 212–213; escapism as song theme, 203204; foreign performances, 214–215; foreign publication, 99, 185–186; guilt feelings, 204–206, 217; labor camp song theme, 195–196, 198; literary poetry of, 5; literary victims song theme, 206–207; mass songs by, 182; official restrictions on, 182; professionalism, 184; religious song theme, 202, 213; sexual relationships as song theme, 190–194; suppression of works, 217; translation of works, 192; union memberships, 209–210; women, treatment of in song, 192–194, 201–202, 203, 210–211; writing career, 182

“The General’s Daughter” (Galich), 193–194, 224

Generation of the Doomed (Galich), 185–186

“The Geologists” (Dobronravov, Grebennikov), 25

German, P., 59

“Ginger Moll” (Vysotsky), 155–156

Ginzburg, Aleksandr Arkad’evich. See Galich, Aleksandr

Ginzburg, Evgeniya, 78

“Glassful of Pearls” (Levinton), 83–84

Glavlit, 31

Glavrepertkom, 31

“The Globe,” 39–40

“Goldminers’ Waltz” (Galich), 208

Goncharenko, V., 50

“Good Luck, Schoolboy!” (Okudzhava), 114

“Gop so smykom,” 71

Gorbovsky, Gleb, 5, 85

Gorky, Maksim, 72

Gorodnitsky, Aleksandr, 55–56, 104–105

Gorokhov, A., 51

Gradov, Petr, 15

Grani (journal), 116

Grebennikov, Sergei, 25

Grigor’ev, Apollon, 61–62

“Guignol Farce” (Galich), 194, 222–223

Guitar, popularity of, 43–44, 63–64

Guitar poetry: amateurism, 97, 120; criticism of, 1–2; description, 2, 229; individualism, 119–120, 218, 220–221, 231–232; light verse, 226–227; linguistic propriety, 110, 221–226; literary merit, 4–6, 226–228; origins, 1, 3–4, 120; song, relation to, 4, 227–228; stylistic elements, 218–221; tape recorder, impact of, 6

Guitar poets, terminology for, 45, 48, 178

GULag. See Labor camp system

Gumilev, Nikolai, 41

Hamlet (Pasternak), 35, 148–149

Ham radio, 95

Holliday, Sonya, 64–65

Houses of Culture, 43, 48

How Reliable the Earth Is (anthology), 55–56

“Hunting with Helicopters, or Where Are You, Wolves?” (Vysotsky), 161

“I Love You, Life” (Vanshenkin), 16–18, 21

“If I Should Fall Ill . . .” (Smelyakov), 38–39

“The Important Song” (Okudzhava), 136

“In His Image and Likeness” (Galicfi), 186–188

“In No-Man’s-Land” (Vysotsky), 156

“Incantations” (Galich), 196–198

Isakovsky, Mikhail, 27, 50–51

“It’s a Long Time Since I’d Been in the Donbass” (Dorizo), 25–26

“A Jolly Conversation” (Galich), 193

Kabalevsky, Dmitry, 50

“Kaddish” (Galich), 209

Karsavin, G., 65

Kaverin, Veniamin, 159

Khaik, Yu., 59

Khandzinsky, N., 70–71

Kharitonov, Vladimir, 28

Khrushchev, Nikita S.: “Secret Speech” of 1956, 44, 49, 120, 198; Virgin Lands Campaign, 42

Khvostenko, Aleksei, 3

Kim, Yuly, 3, 103–104, 108, 110

Klyachkin, Evgenii, 107

Kogan, Pavel, 40, 46

“Komsomol Volunteers” (Dolmatovsky), 27

Komsomol’skaya pravda (newspaper), 181

Kopelev, Lev, 42

Krzyzanowski, Gleb, 13

Kukharsky, V., 52

Kuklin, Lev, 20

Kuprevich, V., 51

Labor camp system (see also Labor camp theme under Underground song), 72–73

“The Lady Nark” (Vysotsky), 166–167

Lavov, Petr, 13

“The Land of Delphinia” (Matveeva), 53–55

“Landscape” (Galich), 211–212

“The Last Trolleybus” (Okudzhava), 122

Lazutin, S. G., 7

Lebedev-Kumach, V., 10, 13, 14–15, 27, 58, 104

Lenin, Vladimir I., 27, 63, 189, 190

“Lenin Is Always with Thee” (Oshanin), 27

Leonidov, Pavel, 145, 150, 151

Levinton, Akhill Grigor’evich, 5, 84

Literary Gazette (newspaper), 35, 114, 117

Literary Russia (newspaper), 52

Literary song, types of, 3

Lyubimov, Yury, 147, 149, 150, 175

Machtet, Grigory, 13

Magnitizdat: circulation, 2, 98–99; content, 95–96; definition, 1, 95, 229; origins, 6, 230; recording quality, 97–98

Magnitizdat song (see also Middle ground song; Underground song): function, 101; love theme, 106–108; text publication, 99–101; war theme, 105, 106

Makaveev, Dushan, 142

Maksimov, Vladimir, 177

Mandel’shtam, Nadezhda, 79

“March Snow” (Okudzhava), 134–135

Markov, Vladimir, 67

Mass song: definition, 10; folklore in, 31; government requirements for, 9, 110; history of, 13–14; hymns, 14–18, 101; limitations, 31–32, 230–231; love songs, 21–23; “mommy” songs, 23–24, 182; patriotic, 18–19; performance style, 31; place themes, 25; profession themes, 25; promotion of, 26; repertoire, 31; war theme, 19–21, 29–30, 105–106, 108–109

Matrosskaya tishina (Galich), 183

Matusovsky, Mikhail, 18, 21–22, 106

Matveeva, Novella, 5, 53–55

Mayakovsky, Vladimir V., 157

Media, state control of, 33–34

Melodiya, 154

“Merry Children’s March” (Lebedev-Kumach), 10, 13

The Merry Drummer (Okudzhava), 118, 123

Metropol (anthology), 154–166, 169, 174

Middle ground song (see also Magnitizdat song): amateurism, 57; anthology, 55–56; escapism theme, 36, 40–42, 54–55; love theme, 36–38; non-Soviet, 35–36; official tolerance of, 53–56; performance milieus, 43; pioneering theme, 41–42; publication modes, 34–35, 57; religious theme, 38–40; Socialist Realism, 56; thematic characteristics, 57, 230

Mikhailov, Mikhailo, 36, 50, 66, 80, 98, 117–118

Mikhoels, Solomon, 213

“The Miraculous Waltz” (Okudzhava), 141

“The Mistake” (Galich), 194–195

Mokrousov, Boris, 50

Montand, Yves, 87

“The Moscow Ant” (Okudzhava), 122–123

Moscow Arts Theater, 63, 147

Moscow Radio, 34

“The Night Watch” (Galich), 199

Nozhkin, Mikhail, 56

October (literary periodical), 45

Official songs. See Mass song

“Oh, Nadya, Nadenka” (Okudzhava), 128

Okudzhava, Bulat Shalvovich: amateurism, 120; army experience, 113, 115; autobiographical song theme, 124, 136139; background, 1, 111, 113–114; Brassens, tribute to, 87; censorship of, 117–118, 125; criticism of, 52, 114; dissident activities, 117; foreign publication, 99, 118–119; historical novels by, 116; impressionism, 132; literary poetry, 5, 116; literary standing, 3, 111; love songs, 128–131, 141–142; Moscow song theme, 121–126; objective songs, 135^_136, 139–144; official recognition, 53, 119; translation of works, 116–117; Vysotsky, tribute to, 176–177; war as song theme, 125–128, 133–134, 139–140; women, treatment of in song, 129–131, 135, 143

“The Old Jacket” (Okudzhava), 128–129

“The Old Maple Tree” (Matusovsky), 22

“On Bolshoi Karetnyi Row” (Vysotsky), 156

“On the Far Side of the Clouds” (Rozhdestvensky), 28–29

“Once a Soldier, Always a Soldier” (Matusovsky), 106

“One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” (Solzhenitsyn), 73, 120, 184

“The One Who Was with Her Before” (Vysotsky), 155

Oshanin, Lev, 27, 50, 51, 52

“Our Mommies” (Shaferan), 24

Pages from Tarusa (anthology), 114

“The Paper Soldier” (Okudzhava), 126

“Parody of a Bad Detective Story” (Vysotsky), 156–157

Pasternak, Boris L., 35, 82, 92, 149

Paustovsky, Konstantin, 114

Pereverzev, L., 49–50

Pesni (anthology), 185

“Petersburg Romance” (Galich), 205–206

Pilnyak, Boris, 92

Pioneering, 42

“Poem about Stalin” (Galich), 199–202

Poetry Day, 44–45

Poetry Day (almanac), 176

Pogodin, Nikolai, 72

Posev, 94, 117, 185

Pravda (newspaper), 9, 50

“The Prayer of François Villon” (Okudzhava), 142–143

A Precipitous Route (Ginzburg), 78

Precocious Autobiography (Yevtushenko), 44

Professional songwriters, 26–30, 49

“Psalm” (Galich), 212

Pugachev (Esenin), 148

Pushkin, Aleksandr S., 138–139, 149, 158

Pushkin Theater, 147

Radin, Leonid, 13, 82

Radio Free Europe, 94

Radio Liberty, 94, 99, 213–214

Radizdat, 95

“The Red Triangle” (Galich), 191–192

The Road to Life (Ekk), 72

Romany (State Gypsy Theater), 61

Roslyakov, Vasily, 82

Rozhdestvensky, Robert, 28–29, 37–38

Rubenshtein, Nataliya, 224

Rublev, Ruvim, 151–152

Russian Soviet Songs, 1917–1977 (anthology). 13. 99

Samizdat, 6, 93–94, 95

The School of Okudzhava (anthology), 55–56

“The Sea-Cove’s Gone for Good” (Vysotsky), 158–159

Semenov, Yulian, 157

Shaferan, Igor’, 24

Short Literary Encyclopedia, 44

Shtein, Alexander, 36

Shukshin, Vasily, 160, 177

“The Sign” (Okudzhava), 133–134

Simonov, Konstantin, 149

Sinyavsky, Andrei, 92, 117, 188 65

Songs (Okudzhava), 120, 121

Smelyakov, Yaroslav, 5, 38

“The Snowstorm Swept o’er All the Earth” (Pasternak), 82

“So Many Golden Lights” (Dorizo), 22–23

Socialist Realism, 11–12, 16–19, 56, 165

Sokolov, Ilya, 61

Solov’ev-Sedoi, Vasily, 50

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 73, 117, 120, 184, 204, 209

“Song about the Arbat” (Okudzhava), 121–122

“A Song in Gypsy Style about a Hospital” (Galich), 63

“Song of Exodus” (Galich), 209–210

“Song of My Father” (Kuklin), 20–21

“Song of My Life” (Okudzhava), 135–136

“The Song of Serezhka Fomin” (Vysotsky), 170–171

“Song of the ‘American’ Soldier” (Okudzhava), 127

“Song of the Motherland” (LebedevKumach), 14–15, 58–59, 104

Songs of the Russian Bards (anthology), 100–101

Soviet Culture (newspaper), 153

Soviet Music (journal), 52

Stalin, Iosif V., 76–77, 118, 199–202

Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 181

Starshinov, Nikolai, 23

“Street Lamps” (Gorbovsky), 85

“Sweet Berry” (Rozhdestvensky), 37–38

Syntax (anthology), 99

Tabachnikov, M., 50

Taganka Theater, 147–149

Tamizdat, 94, 95

Tanich, Mikhail, 41

Tape recorder: advantages of, 96–97; availability, 95; effect of, 119, 230

Tape recordings. See Magnitizdat

Tarsis, Valery, 92

Tendryakov, V., 82

Theater (journal), 115

Theatrical Encyclopedia, 182

“This Is Moscow Speaking” (Daniel), 80–81

“To My Mother” (Starshinov), 23–24

Tolstoy, Lev, 68–70

“Tonechka” (Galich), 192–193

Tsvetaeva, Marina, 64–65

“Two Guitars” (Grigor’ev), 61–63

Uncle Vanya (Chekhov), 63

Underground song (see also Magnitizdat song): begging theme, 68–70; criminal song, 70–86; cruel romance, 64–70; description, 58; gypsy song, 60–64, 200; labor camp theme, 72–86, 195–196, 198; underworld theme, 70–72; World War II theme, 66–67

Vanshenkin, Konstantin, 16–18, 21, 50, 195

Vardi, Aleksandr, 73

Vasil’ev, Sergei, 19

Vertinsky, Alexander, 35–36

Vikhorev, Valentin, 108–109

Vizbor, Yury, 102

Vlady, Marina, 150–151

Volodya. See Vysotsky, Vladimir

Volokhonsky, Anri, 3

Voznesensky, Andrei, 150, 152, 177–178

Vysotsky, Vladimir: acting career, 147–149; alcoholism, 150, 175; autobiographical song themes, 156, 173–174; background, 1, 145, 147; censorship of, 154–155; comic songs, 168–170; criminal songs, 155–156, 166–168; criticism of, 52, 153; death of, 175; dissension, 91; ethics in song, 179; folklore parodies, 157–159; foreign publication, 155; gypsy style, 63; Hamlet, portrayal of, 35, 148–149; hunting theme, 160–161; illegal concerts, 153–154; literary merit, 3, 176–179; literary poetry, 5; love songs, 156; Metropol affair, 154–166; official reprisals, 152, 154–155 official tolerance, 154, 171–174; Okudzhava, influence of, 152; pacifist song theme, 156; popularity, 2, 149, 152, 176–177; Shukshin, tribute to, 160; Socialist Realism in song, 165, 178; song themes, 178; sports song theme, 162–163, 172

“Warning” (Galich), 210

“We Are Party Members” (Gradov), 15–16

Wedekind, Frank, 87

“We’re No Worse Than Horace” (Galich), 207

“Weeping Willow” (Alferov), 36–37

“Where Does the Motherland Begin?” (Matusovsky), 18–19

“A Whispered Cry” (Galich), 213

“The White Birch” (Vasil’ev), 19–20

“The Wild West” (Galich), 215–216

“The Wolf Hunt” (Vysotsky), 160–161

Women, treatment of in song, 129–131, 135, 143, 192–194, 201–202, 203, 210–211

A World under Guard (Vardi), 73–76

Yadov, Yakov, 65

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny, 29–30, 44, 81–82

“You Never Can Bring Back the Past” (Okudzhava), 132–133

“Your Majesty, Woman” (Okudzhava), 129–130

Youth cafés, 47, 48

Zaidel, G., 56

Zamyatin, Evgeny, 92

Zernova, Ruf’, 83–84

Zhabinsky, V., 79

Zhora the Photographer (Okudzhava), 115–116

Zinoviev, Aleksandr, 98–99