INDEX

A: See 2, 4-5, 11, 14, 15, 27-29, 33-34; В: See 3, 6-7, 12, 13, 16, 30-34

Abstract referents: alternative, 80, 132, 133; analysis, 58, 59; approximation, 62, 65, 132, 139, 149, 150, 165, 177, 178; authority, 93, 138; catastrophe, 69, 95; certainty, 84, 97, 127, 137, 140, 141, 152, 178, 180; condensation, 43, 61, 64, 121, 122; condition, 48, 118, 151; confinement (enclosure), 62, 64, 120, 121, 133, 149, 150; consequence, 60, 61, 97, 140, 178; cutting, 53, 54, 57, 111, 129-30, 152, 176, 178, 186, 204; deceit, 93-96 passim, 138; departure (suggestion for), B, 20, 37, 176; directness, 57, 58, 103, 140, 186; ending, 151-57 passim, 175, 178; enumeration, 43, 61, 63, 166; unfinished enumeration, 79, 120, 126, 127, 138; equilibrium (loss of), 62, 65, 79, 145, 146, 165; excellence, A, 17, 42, 76, 77, 99; exchange, 62, 64, 145, 146; failure, 19-25 passim, 35, 77, 79, 94, 96, 126, 127, 128, 138, 161; feeling, 45, 194; globality, 58, 61, 63; hope, 130, 131; idleness, A, 35; impact, 110; instability, 57, 58; interiority, 124; internal character, 51, 69, 120, 121; judgmental notions, xvi, 84, 98-101, 209; laziness, A; mediation, 52, 57, 123, 139; mediocrity, B, 84, 100, 165; mixing, 68, 107, 147-50 passim, 185; nothingness, 17-24 passim, 52, 77, 84; organization, 58, 59; perfection, 17, 52, 53, 61, 64, 84, 98-99, 121, 122, 123, 127, 137, 140, 141, 178; point of view, 55, 81, 133, 139, 189; power, 133; precision, 98-99, 121, 122, 136, 145, 146, 198; priority, 76, 77, 127, 128; privation, B, 19, 25, 39, 77, 103, 161; quantity, 64, 76, 106, 140; reference to, 79, 126, 127, 138; return, 124, 187; specificity, 122, 144; speed, 133, 167; stopping, 114, 126, 137, 155, 157, 170, 189; strength, 93, 133, 146, 167, 207; superlative, 76, 133, 140, 180, 181; synthesis, 58, 59; totality, 51, 61, 64, 101, 127, 131, 132, 139, 140, 145-52 passim, 178, 186; transformation, 91; union, 62, 65, 133; uniqueness, 78, 127, 128, 144. See also Intellect; Localization; Negation; Objection; Opposition; Substitution; Time

Attitude: vocal-gestural, 165, 167-68; toward event and listener, 180; defining an a. verbally and gesturally, 200-201

—specific attitudes:
admiration, 17, 32, 99-100, 142, 147, 148; agreement, 84, 101, 137, 151, 161, 177, 189, 190, 191; aggressiveness, 84, 93-97, 207; annoyance, B, 21, 104, 132; blasé attitude, 100, 155, 201; bravado stance, 93; challenge, 79, 82, 126, 127, 128, 137; complicity, 171; contempt, 156, 201; contrition, 94; conviction, 197; declaration, 42, 48; delight, B, 32, 100; demonstration, 187, 197; denigration, 38, 119, 128, 158, 174, 191; depreciation, 156; disagreement, 84, 101-3, 160, 189, 191; disbelief, A, 40, 84, 97, 98, 161; disdain, 81, 201; doubt, 84, 97, 98, 191; exaggeration, reaction to, 48, 56, 133, 174, 191; exasperation, A, 21, 32, 38, 94, 104, 117, 133, 161, 180; extraversion, 145, 146; frankness, 57, 140; hesitation, 80, 132, 133, 174, 191; ignorance, 119, 156, 158; increase, 127, 128; indignation, 81; irony, 165, 168; indifference, 155; insistence, 47, 56, 152, 168; obviousness, 175, 187; obscene derision, B, 24, 103, 161, 179, 199; powerlessness, 150, 155, 168, 180; provocation, 82, 103, 126, 128; prudence, 98, 102, 184; to have punch, 94, 96; reassuring, 137, 180, 189; reprobation, 159; resistance to oppression, 93, 95, 138; self-protection, 119, 135, 137, 144, 157, 189; self-punishment, 70, 94, 96; scepticism, 56, 99, 191; submission, 82-83, 101, 160; tenderness (plea for), 54, 138, 169; threat, 23, 56, 72-75, 93, 95, 114, 117-18, 136, 145; triumph over someone, 21, 22, 25, 38, 96, 165; victory, B, 20, 36, 37; warning, B, 18, 22, 35, 72-75, 117-18, 134, 136, 174, 180. See also Exclamation; Refusal; Vengeance

Axis: as relevant feature, 42, 49, 79, 215-22, 225-27, and degree of head rotation, 47; substitution between axes, 130-31; synthesis of, 130

Body part (vehicle); measuring informational importance of different -s, xiii, 1-25; as relevant feature, 42; determining the relevant, 44; as headings of detached gestures, 46, 110, 215-22, 225-27; as sub-divisions of bodyward gestures, 46, 222-25; specificity of, 71-77; substitution between different -s, 71, 125-29; analogies between, 110, 157, 159, 161; transfer of, 111. See also Finger; Fist; Forefinger; Hand; Head; Thumb; Tongue

Bodyward gestures (toward oneself ), xvi; vs. detached gestures, 43; subdivided, 46; specificity of, 69; physical classification of, 222-25

Concrete and abstract, link between: abstraction in concrete representations, xvi, 104, 115, 203, 207; symbolizing the concrete, 105, 111, 204, 209; concretezing the abstract, 196, 203, 209; specificity of gesture, 203-4

Concrete referents: 69-70, 104–13, 195, 204, 207; money, A, 21, 22, 32, 36, 40

Conventionality: quantifying degree of, 33-34; and motivation, 116–17; of facial expression, 32, 37, 38; of gesture, 38-40, 70, 117, 205; of space-time use, 91; in mimic representation, 105, 116

Coverbal gesturing, analysis of semantic structure of, xii, xv, xvii, 23-24, 84–104, 116–53. See also Function

Curved gestures: examples of circular, 50-53, 120-21; drawings of, 39, 51, 58, 61–62, 69, 90, 92, 109, 122, 123, 124, 132, 147, 149, 179, 185, 188; symbolism of the circle, 68-69, 207; physical classification of, 211–15; mentioned, 104-15 passim, 139, 166, 178, 184-97 passim

—vs. straight-line gestures: physically, 42, 48; symbolically, 57-66

Designation: abstract, 48, 125, 187; concrete, 77, 125, 175, 176; variants of, 128; concrete vs. abstract, 187

Dictionary of gestures:

—Notional, 206; examples of, 57-66, 84-104, 187-90

—Physical: relevant feature for, xvi, 42-50; semantico-physical subdivision of, 53; examples of, 51–56, 211-27

Direction: as relevant feature, 42, 49, 50, 87-89, 126-27, 215-22, 225-27; of gaze, 47–48; symbolism of, 78

Economy: gestural, xvii, 143-51, 153, 202; of information, 179-84, 190, 209

Emotion: vocal-gestural expression of, 169, 171, 172; anger, 93, 180; disgust, 102, 104, 154-60 passim, 200; fear, A, 17, 70, 104; joy, 171, 180. See also Symptoms

Encoding: of size, 106, 115; and function, 169, 203; of vocal and gestural signs, parallel in, 170-72; of verbal and nonverbal, contrast in, 170, 181; gestural encoding of verbal information, 194, 209; of coverbal and Sign Language, contrast in, 203

Etymological gestures, xiii, 106–7, 196-98, 207; examples of, 51, 63, 65, 111, 148; and synonyms, 60, 198; variants of, 66, 70, 99, 179, 201; prevailing over depictive, 106, 115, 198, 207, 209; describing action of speaking, 186-87

Exclamation, 42, 155; of rejection, 48, 152; augmentative, 125, 126, 164, 181

Facial expression (FE), 27-32, 41, 168; role of, as complementary signifier, 17-19, 25, 36-37, 73, 101, 133, 158; cultural nature of, 37-38; ambiguity of, 99

Figurative expressions and gesture, 83, 196, 198-200

Filmed gestures, 1-40; description, 2-3, 27-32; illustrations of, 4-8

—Interpretative errors: due to every signifier, 17-20; due to signified, 20-23, 36; convergent or divergent on a signified, 15-16, 23-24, 36, 205; semantic data deduced from, 21-24, 205; interculturally analogous, 36

—Signification of, 2-3, 11-16, 27-34; translation of, 27-32; foreign gestures corresponding to, 27–32

—Quantifying: emblematic nature of, 1-25; conventional nature of, 26-40, 53, 205; semantic structure of, 1-40; through partial and full views, 8-17, 20, 29, 33-34, 205

Finger: purse, A, 17; little finger listen, A; snap, B, 35, 95, 96; circle, B, 32, 53, 99, 101, 109, 113, 123, 145, 146; horns, B, 32

Fist: sidearm gut punch, A, 25, 94, 95, 96, 133, 167, 180, 181; phallic forearm jerk, B, 17, 20, 23, 24, 103, 161, 179, 199; shake, B, 20, 36, 93; striking forehead (forehead knock), B, 36, 37; raised, 93, 95, 114; striking palm over, 93, 96; striking palm under, 94, 95, 96, 138; striking chest, 94; against fist, 96

Forefinger: under nose, A, 20, 161; off temple, A, 35; screwing temple, A, 32, 35, 180; pulling eye, A, 40, 98; shake, B, 18, 22, 35, 74, 118, 173, 180; raised, 42, 48, 75, 77, 101, 118, 1 19, 120, 125, 126, 128, 144, 154, 158, 188, 193; specificity of, 48; interpretation of photos of, 72-75

Function:

—Coverbal gesturing: of complement, xiii, 25, 173, 179-84, 186, 190, 191, 202 (of ASL), 209; of substitution (emblematic), xv, 25, 134, 136, 173-79, 209; substitution of polysemous gesture, 177-79; substitution of complex gesture, 179; illustrative, xv, 173, 196, 203, 209, examples mentioned passim; of relay, 22, 173-76, 179, 186, 208, 209; depictive, 69, 104-15; animating, 106; etymological, prevalent, 106, 115, 198, 207, 209; of the implicit, 174, 190-92,; expressive, 177, 180–81, 184; of comment, 180-81, 184, 209; explanatory, 184-86, 209; anchoring, 185, 186, 208, 209; of compensation, 190, 192; verbal preformulative, 192-94, 209; metaphoric, 209

—Vocal-gestural signs: syntactic, xv, 162, 208; syntactic-semantic, 162, 170; expressive, 170, 208; parallel, 169-72; and encoding parallel in, 169

Genesis of language (phylo-g., onto-g., acto-g.), 84, 171, 194, 208, 209

Gestural and facial idioms, 83, 198-200

Gestural argumentation, 186-90

Gestural comment, 176, 180-81, 184, 208

Gestural economy, metaphor, redundance. See Economy; Metaphor; Redundance

Gestural euphemism, 111, 155-57

Gestural languages, 202-3

Gestural monoreme, 177

Gestural neologism, 203

Gestural paraphrase, 184, 209

Gestural preformulation, 192-94, 209; roles of, 193; in psychoanalysis, 194

Gestural subdivisions, 46

Gestures. See Bodyward g.; Curved g.; Filmed g.; Interactional g.; Typology of g.

Glottal stop, 160, 168, 169

Glottal motion, motivated, 171

Hand: toss, A, 20, 23, 102, 154, 155, 176, 179; above head (Fed up), A, 32; frontal vertical shake, A, 21, 164, 167, 181; trap shut, A, 40; cheek shave, B; palm pluck, B; hand waver, B; waist slice, B, 39, 161; upward palm chop, B, 17, 20, 114, 176; cupped palm front, B, 119, 158, 160; sagittal raised, 42, 100, 101, 118, 125, 126, 129, 181, 191; subdivided, 45; prone transverse movement, 61, 98, 99, 127, 129, 130, 134, 139-40, 152, 158; striking one’s body, 70, 94; raised high backward, 87, 89, 120, 125, 126; outward raised, 97, 99, 101, 114 (push), 119, 134, 135, 137, 151–60 passim, 170, 176, 179, 183, 189, 200; horizontal supine, 128, 175, 187, 190, 197; vertically lowered, 53 (examples), 106, 114, 129, 175, 180, 185, 196, 204; transverse movement of the supine, 111, 129, 130, 175, 177; sagittal shake, 118, 119; horizontal prone, 189; classification of plane, 215-22; mentioned passim

Head: intentional movement of, 45; rotation degree of, 47; raised, 47-48, 81, 82, 83, 87, 100, 117, 120, 126, 128, 160, 174, 181, 201, 225; and direction of gaze, 47–48; lowered, 47, 82, 83, 99, 101, 126, 226; hybrid movement of, 48, 152, 153; turned to the side, 48, 79, 82, 120, 127, 131, 132, 160, 174-81 passim, 227; tipped to the side, 54-56, 98 (abruptly), 132, 133, 138, 139, 152, 174, 180, 181, 189, 190, 227; specificity of, 81-83; transverse movement of, 97, 98, 99, 101, 127, 131, 132, 227; shake, 131-41 passim, 160, 174-83 passim, 191, 225; polysemy of h. shake, 131, 132; double motivation of h. shake, 141; movements classified, 225-27; mentioned passim

Iconic link: dual, xvi, 141; single, 24, 38; multiple, 205. See also Motivation

Iconic nature of gesture, 38-40, 104, 205; and polysemy, 205. See also Sign

Implicative gestures, 174, 190-92

Implicit semantics of a signified: revealed by interpretative analysis of errors, 23-24; revealed by gestural variants, 98-99, 188, 206

Intellect: idea, 2, 35, 62, 66, 70; madness, A, 32, 35, 40, 44, 70, 166, 180; stubbornness, B, 19, 36, 37, 40, 70, 93, 95; stupidity, 19, 21, 22, 36, 37, 40, 70, 93, 95; delayed understanding, 47, 82; intuition, 59; reasoning, 59, 79, 124; narrow-mindedness, 64; reverie, 62, 66; mental confusion, 62, 66, 70; thing forgotten, 70, 96

Interactional gestures, 186-91; examples of, 54-56, 82, 83, 93-103 passim, 114–21 passim, 128-80 passim, 200-201. See also Attitude; Objection; Refusal; Vengeance

Intonation, xii, xiii, 162-72 passim

Isomorphism:

—between expression and content in signs: gestural, xii, 117–24, 206; vocal, 171

—vocal-gestural, 165-66, 201. See also Phonogestural parallelism

Localization: distinguishing bodyward and detached gestures, 43; as classifier for bodyward gestures, xvi, 222-25; concrete, 77, 84, 126, 137, 176; abstract, 48, 78, 127, 137; temporal, 87-89, 90, 126, 137. See also Designation; Direction; Time

Metaphor: gestural, remotivating verbal m., xiii, 24 (possession), 80 (wavering), 85-86 (space-time), 194-97, 203, 207, 208, 209; physical m. as concept, 85; and psychosomatic symptoms, 105, 117; personal, 195; diachronic, 197; vocal artistic, 172

Mimic representation, 104–15; abstraction in, xvi, 104, 115, 204, 207. See also Concrete referents

Mixed semism, 208

Motivation(s): plural (multiple), xiii, 39, 54, 132, 139-40, 151, 153, 205, 207; deduced from variants, xvi, 124-36, 151, 207; of refusal, xvii, 154-61; single (semantic shifting), 21–23, 119, 137-38, 140, 143, 151, 153, 205, 207; universal, 39; search for m. like a lottery, 39; compromise of, 48, 150, 152, 153, 206; convergence of, 56, 151, 206; double, 97, 141, 151, 206; and conventionality, 116–17; and isomorphism, 117–24; same physical m. for different gestures, 117; of polysemous gesture, 137-40; self-protective, 137; combination of -s in a gestural expression, 142; redundance of, 142-43, 152, 153; combining manifestations of single, 143; relationships between, 151–53; hybridization of -s in a complex gesture, 152, 153, 206; osmosis of, 151, 152, 153, 206; vocalgestural, 166-69; of lingual or glottal motion, 171; arbitrary choice between possible, 171, 205. See also Isomorphism

Movement: signifying intention of the head, 45-48; rectilinear vs. curved, 42, 57-66, 91, 92, 109; of both hands, 43, 109, 214–15, 219–22; progressive vs. regressive, 43, 91, 92, 123-24; combination of -s, 48, 145-53 passim; as referent, 68, 139; symbolism of alternating, 79-81; transfer of, 89, 90, 111; representation of, 104; selection of, 112-13; state as result of, 114; single vs. repeated m. as variant, 125, 131-32, 139, 206; and configuration, 145, 146; conflict between -s, 150; spatial perception of laryngeal, 162; tonal, 162, 169; distinctive rhythm of, 164; intonativegestural, 168; microscopic audible vs. macroscopic visible, 169; of speech organs, motivated, 169, 171; heliotropic vs. heliophobic (of tongue), 171; to express action, 177; different m. by each hand, 203; direction of, mentioned passim

Negation, 119, 127, 131, 132, 137, 139, 140, 151, 178, 186, 189; variants of, 99, 134-37, 152, 159, 179

Negative ellipsis, B, 119, 126, 127, 137, 145, 146, 158, 160, 167, 191, 208

Non-verbal communication, xi, xii, xiii, 84. See also Coverbal gesturing; Function; Gestures; Phonogestural parallelism; Vocal and gestural communication

Nuances: semantic and stylistic, 125, 127; physico-semantic n. of negation, 134-36; phonogestural n. of enumeration, 166. See also Variants

Objection: correction, 42, 126, 127, 128, 134, 136, 152, 159; restriction, 56, 119, 120, 137, 144, 151, 157, 158, 188; forbidding, 134, 136. See also Opposition; Refusal

Onomatopeia, 100, 113, 133, 157, 167, 177, 201

Opposition: conflict, 62, 64, 95, 96, 150; logical (antithesis), 62, 64, 187, 188, 197, 198; outward, 119, 134, 136. See also Objection; Refusal

Phallic substitutes, 24, 25, 50, 161

Phonogestural parallelism, xvii, 162-73, 208; and preverbal language, 194. See also Isomorphism

Physical components, 41-83; hybrid from two gestures, 145-50. See also Axis; Body part; Direction; Movement; Plane

Plane(s): as relevant feature, 42, 49, 51-53, 80-81, 120, 121, 129–30, 215–22; substitution between, 89, 90, 125, 129-30; specificity of frontal, 135-39, 157-59, 189

Polysemy: examples of, 51–56, 211-27; of the circle, 51-53, 68-69, 139; of lateral head tip, 54-56, 132, 139; of outward raised palm, 119, 137, 157; of forward or backward loops, 123-24; of lateral head shake, 131, 132, 139; intercultural and intracultural, 136, 207; of transverse movement of the prone hand, 139-40, 151, 152; two explicative principles of, 137-40, 151; combination of two principles of, 139, 140, 151, 207; and double motivation, 141; and gestural economy, 143, 153; advantage of, 151; recapitulation on, 153; and function of substitution, 177, 178; specification by combining verbal and gestural -s, 185, 186

Preverbal communication, xiii, 84, 194, 208. See also Genesis of language; Gestural preformulation

Redundance: gestural, xvi, 45, 142-43, 153; gesturing to avoid verbal, 175; of information

Referents. See Abstract; Concrete

Reflex: self-protection, 38, 159, 161, 189; imitating, 117, 157, 159, 161; vomit, 155; evasion, 159, 161; backing up, 160; vocal-gestural, 167

Refusal: motivation of, xvii, 154-61; offhand, 23, 103, 155, 156, 176, 179; vengeful, 25; mocking, 38, 103, 161; of responsibility, 102, 119, 157, 176; polite, 102, 137, 179; disgusted, 102, 160; active, 154-57; passive, 157–60. See also Objection; Opposition

Relevant (physical) feature: determining, by experimentation, 1-25, 205; for classification, 42-48; body part, 42, 44, 46; axis, 42, 49, 79, 215–22, 225-27; plane, 42, 49, 51–54, 80, 120, 121, 129-30, 215–22; direction, 42, 49, 87-89, 90, 126-27, 215-22, 225–27; repetition, 43, 49; indicated by the corresponding utterance, 43; dictionary according to, 48-56, 211–27; symbolic corollaries to, 82-83; selection and synthesis of -s, 108; and functional signifier, 139, 152, 207; combining two -s of gestures, 144-50. See also Motivation, plural; Typology, complex gesture

Repetition: as relevant feature, 43; as referent, 52, 90, 92, 123, 139, 186; to express distance, 114; as gestural variant, 131–33, 139, 141; movements of, 211, 215, 219, 223, 225

Rhythm: vocal-gestural, 162-65; linguistic-kinesic organizing, 163, 208; ‘hierarchy,’ 163, 164, 194; distinctive, 164; same verbal-vocal-gestural, 165, 169; gestural r. and teaching, 172

Semantic test:

—intracultural, 1-25; results of, 10-16, 73

—intercultural, 26-40, 205, 206; results of, 26, 29, 33

Sign: verbal vs. non-verbal, xvii, 170, 171; hyper-, 24-25; motivated (iconic) and conventional (cultural), 38, 116–17, 171, 205; arbitrary, 38, 170; doubly motivated, 141; synthesis of -s, 144-50; ‘fig,’ 171; opaque, 202; sign language, 202-3, 209; polysemous and motivated, 206

Signified(s): cluster of, 93-95; dynamic or static characterization of, 112–13; sum of, 144, 172, 206. See also Attitude; Emotion; Referents

Signifier(s): view of, full vs. partial, 1, 8, 15, 16; complementary (facial) vs. principle (gestural), 17, 19; errors due to complementary, 17-19; errors due to principle, 19-20; relevant, 25; relationship between (figure-ground), 25; appropriate, 134; functional vs. physical, 139, 151, 152, 153, 207; relevant feature of, 144, 148, 149; product of, 144, 172, 202, 206; relationships between functional, 153; juxtaposing, one with each hand, 203. See also Physical components

Space-time interaction, 114, 208; in cultures, 93. See also Transfer

Stress: agressiveness of, 163; vocal-gestural, 168

Substitution: as referent, 62, 64, 91, 106; between body parts, 110, 125-29, 144, 158, 187, 188, 205; nuances in, 125, 126; specificity in cases of, 77, 118, 119, 127, 129-30, 136, 206; function of, 173-79; of polysemous gesture, 177-79; of complex gesture, 179; of compound gesture, 209; between verbal and gestural expressions, 199-200; limit of, 136. See also Phallic substitutes; Typology, speech substitute; Variants

Symbolism: of linear vs. curved movements, 57-66; visual, 66-69, 131, 207; directional, 78; of alternating movement, 79-81; principles of symbolizing, 105; symbolizing the concrete, 111, 204, 209; of left and right, 129; spatial, 131; of eye, 161

Symptoms: psychosomatic, 105, 117; vocal and gestural, 172

Synchronization (auto-, inter-), xv, 162, 170, 194, 208; examples of, 164-66

Thumb: twiddle, A, 8, 35; up, A, 17, 22, 42, 77, 99, 119, 120, 157; thumbnail-tooth flick, A, 20, 25, 161; chin scrape, A, 20, 21, 24, 165; finger rub, A, 20, 21, 32, 194; in armpits, B; specificity of, 76; to the mouth, 76, 104, 117; over shoulder, 78, 87, 120, 126, 127, 175; as ‘fig’ sign, 171; mentioned, 125-28 passim, 187, 202

Time: verbal-spatial expression of, xiii, 84-87, 138; measure of, 90, 92

—Course of, 91-93; continuity, 58, 60, 91, 92; perpetuity, 60, 92, 123; succession, 61, 63, 90, 91, 92, 123, 149, 186, 197; habit, 90, 92, 123; evolution, 57, 69, 147, 148, 186, 197

—Localization, 87-90; past, 47, 87-89, 120, 125-28 passim, 138, 175; future, 60, 87, 88; present, 88, 89; anteriority, 89, 90, 123, 124, 125; distant, 91, 92, 124, 127, 147, 148; posteriority, 89, 90, 125, 127. See also Repetition; Space-time

Tongue: out, B, 22, 24, 103, 161, 199; mentioned, 99, 160, 170, 171

Transfer: of person (role reversal), 20, 22, 38, 54, 93, 94, 110, 137, 138, 161, 189, 207; of object, 23, 110, 138; of time, 23, 110; to psychological plane, 38, 154, 157, 161; of gestural dichotomy (physical vs. symbolic), 43, 57-66; upward, 44, 110, 208; of circular symbolism, graphic vs. gestural, 66-69; from space to time, verbal, 84-87, 138; from space to time, gestural, 87-91, 138, 207; in mimic representation, 110-11, 115; euphemistic, 111, 155-57; of axis, 130-31; from literal to figurative, 138, 187, 195, 207; from semantic field to other, 161; between body and speech organs, 169, 173

Typology of gestures, according to

—Motivation: complex, xiii, 144-50, 152, 153, 172, 202, 206, 209; economical use of complex gestures, 144; c.g. as speech substitute, 179; conditions of comprehension of c.g. 203; relic, 55, 76, 82; compound, 202, 209; hybrid, 203

—Original meaning of idiom. See Metaphor; Etymological gestures

—Physical aspect: straight-line vs. curved, xvi, 42, 46, 57-66, 91, 92; detached vs. on the body, xvi, 43, 46, 50; analogous, between cultures, 40; ‘static vs. dynamic,’ 50, 51, 113–14

—Referent: deictic, xi, 84; mimic, xvi, 40, 69, 101, 104–17 passim; symbolic, 51, 68-70; ‘historiographie,’ 114

—Signification: examples of polysemous gestures, 51–56, 123, 124, 132, 137, 140, 151, 152, 153, 177-79, 186, 189; economical use of p.g., 144; p.g., as speech substitute, 177-79; homologous gestures, 136, 206

—Utterance: synchronizing (rhythmic), xv, 162, 163, 170, 194; speech substitute (PS), xv, 101, 131, 136, 155, 173-79; PS tested, 1-7; PS and polysemous, 177-179; PS and complex, 179; PS as synthesis of other variants, 179; learning of phonatory, 173; speech complementary, 180-81; speech synonymous with, 181-84

—Other varieties: allo-gestures, xiii; transfer gestures, 70; difference-gestures, 169, 171

Variant(s) of gestures: rectilinear vs. curved, 42, 57-66, 91, 92; of enumeration, 61, 63, 166; etymological, 66, 70, 99, 106, 121, 179, 198, 201; of hesitation, 80; of approximation, 80, 178, 179; of perfection, 98-99, 178, 206; of certainty, 97, 152; and motivation, 124-36; and semantic nuances, 125, 127; body part, 125-29; of designation, 128; plane, 129-30, 205; of cutting, 129, 152; axial, 130-35, 205; repetitive, 131–32, 206; of end, 152; of negation, 134-36, 152; double motivation confirmed by, 141, 206; of denigration, 174, 191; emblem, synthesis of, 179; of emphasis, 180; of obviousness, 187; of antithesis, 187, 188; of restriction, 188. See also Nuances

Vengeance: vengeful refusal, 25; vengeful repartee, A, 24, 25, 38, 93, 94, 95, 96, 133, 138, 167

Vocal and gestural communication: research on, xi, xii; parallelism, xvii, 162-73; contrast between nonverbal and verbal sign, xvii, 170, 171; variants of enumeration, 61, 63, 166; childish expression, 84; dynamics, 162, 168; rhythm, 162-66, 208; isomorphism, 163, 165-66, 194, 201; attitude, 165, 168, 172; motivation, 167-69; expression of emotion, 169, 171, 172; trace of preverbal language, 171, 194, 208; symptoms, 172; expression and Language teaching, 172. See also Function

Vocal mimicry, 113