This is not intended to be a complete bibliography on intonation, but contains only those works referred to in the text. Except as otherwise noted below, page references in the text are to anthology versions and not to the original source.

For more complete bibliographies, the reader is referred to the following sources:

Crystal (1969a) for the most comprehensive listing on English, and Crystal (1975K which updates Crystal (1969a) and adds coverage of paralanguage and acquisition of prosody.

Léon and Martin (1970) for broad coverage of studies on tone and intonation in a variety of languages.

Lieberman (1967) and Lehiste (1970) for coverage of acoustic phonetic and physiological studies.

Pike (1945) for the most comprehensive listings of pre-20th-century work.

Abe, Isamu. 1962. Call-Contours. In Proceedings of the Fourth Int’l. Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Helsinki, pp. 519-523. The Hague: Mouton.

Abercrombie, David. 1964. Syllable Quantity and Enclitics in English. In Abercrombie et al., pp. 216-222.

Abercrombie, David, D. B. Fry, P. A. D. McCarthy, N. C. Scott, and J. L. M. Trim, eds. 1964. In Honour of Daniel Jones. London: Longmans.

Akmajian, Adrian, and Ray Jackendoff. 1970. Coreferentiality and Stress. Linguistic Inquiry 1: 124-126.

Armstrong, Lilias E., and Ida C. Ward. 1926. A Handbook of English Intonation. Leipzig and Berlin: Teubner.

Bally, Charles. 1941. Intonation et Syntaxe. Cahiers F. de Saussure 1: 33-42.

Berman, Arlene, and Michael Szamosi. 1972. Observations on Sentential Stress. Language 48: 304-325.

Bierwisch, Manfred. 1968. Two Critical Problems in Accent Rules. Journal of Linguistics 4: 173-178.

Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. New York: Holt.

Bolinger, Dwight. 1940. Word Affinities. American Speech 15: 62-73. Re-printed in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 191-202.

—— 1947. Comments on Pike’s Intonation of American English. Studies in Linguistics 5: 69-78.

—— 1949. Intonation and Analysis. Word 5: 248-254.

—— 1950. Rime, Assonance, and Morpheme Analysis. Word 6: 117-136.

—— 1951. Intonation: Levels versus Configurations. Word 7: 199-210. Reprinted in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 3-16.

—— 1955. Intersections of Stress and Intonation. Word 11: 195-203.

—— 1957a On Certain Functions of Accents A and B. Liter a 4: 80-89. Re-printed in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 57-66.

—— 1957b. Maneuvering for Accent and Position. College Composition and Communication 8: 234-238. Reprinted in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 309-315.

—— 1958a. A Theory of Pitch Accent in English. Word 14: 109-149. Re-printed in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 17-55.

—— 1958b. Stress and Information. American Speech 33: 3-20. Reprinted in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 67-83.

—— 1961a. Generality, Gradience, and the All-or-None. The Hague: Mouton.

—— 1961b. Contrastive Accent and Contrastive Stress. Language 37: 83-96. Reprinted in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 101-117.

—— 1961c. Ambiguities in Pitch Accent. Word 17: 309-317. Reprinted in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 119-127.

—— 1964. Around the Edge of Language: Intonation. Harvard Educational Review 34: 282-296. Reprinted (slightly abridged) in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 19-29.

—— 1965a. Forms of English: Accent, Morpheme, Order (I. Abe & T. Kane-kiyo, eds.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press.

—— 1965b. Pitch Accent and Sentence Rhythm. In Bolinger 1965a, pp.139-180.

—— 1966. Review of Faure 1962. Language 42: 670-690.

—— 1970. Relative Height. In Léon et al., pp. 109-127. Reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 137-153.

—— (ed.) 1972a. Intonation. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.

—— 1972b. Accent Is Predictable (If You’re a Mind-Reader). Language 48: 633-644.

—— 1975. Aspects of Language (2d ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovano-vich.

—— 1976. Length, Vowel, Juncture. Bilingual Review 3: 43-61.

—— 1977. Meaning and Form. London: Longmans.

—— 1978a. Intonation Across Languages. In Greenberg et al., eds., Universals of Human Language, vol. 2 (Phonology). Stanford Univ. Press.

—— 1978b. Free Will and Determinism in Language: Or, Who Does the Choosing, the Grammar or the Speaker? In M. Sufier, ed., Contemporary Studies in Romance Linguistics. Washington: Georgetown Univ. Press, pp. 1-17.

Bolinger, Dwight, and Louis J. Gerstman. 1957. Disjuncture as a Cue to Constructs. Word 13: 246-255. Reprinted in Bolinger 1965a, pp. 85-93.

Bresnan, Joan. 1971. Sentence Stress and Syntactic Transformations. Language 47: 257-281.

—— 1972. Stress and Syntax: A Reply. Language 48: 326-342.

Chafe, Wallace L. 1970. Meaning and the Structure of Language. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

—— 1973. Language and Memory. Language 49: 261-281.

—— 1974. Language and Consciousness. Language 50: 111-133.

—— 1976. Givenness, Contrastiveness, Definiteness, Subjects, Topics, and Points of View. In C. N. Li, ed., Subject and Topic, pp. 25-55. New York: Academic Press.

Chao, Y. R. 1930. A System of Tone Letters. Maître Phonétique 45: 24-27.

—— 1932. A Preliminary Study of English Intonation (with American Variants) and its Chinese Equivalents (T’sai Yüan Pei Anniversary Volume, Supplementary Volume I of Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology of the Academica Sinica), Peiping.

—— 1968. A Grammar of Spoken Chinese. Berkeley and Los Angeles: Univ. of California Press.

Chomsky, Noam. 1971. Deep Structure, Surface Structure, and Semantic Interpretation. In D. Steinberg and L. Jakobovits, eds., Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics and Psychology, pp. 183-216. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Chomsky, Noam, and Morris Halle. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper & Row.

Chomsky, Noam, Morris Halle, and Fred Lukoff. 1956. On Accent and Juncture in English. In M. Halle et al., eds., For Roman Jakobson, pp. 65-80. The Hague: Mouton.

Coleman, H. O. 1914. Intonation and Emphasis. Miscellanea Phonetica 1: 6-26.

Coker, C. H., N. Umeda, and C. P. Browman. 1973. Automatic Synthesis from Ordinary English Text. In J. L. Flanagan and L. R. Rabiner, eds., Speech Synthesis, pp. 400-411. Stroudsburg, Pa.: Dowden, Hutchinson, & Ross, Inc.

Cross, D. V., and H. L. Lane. 1964. An Analysis of the Relation between Identification and Discrimination Functions for Speech and Non-Speech Continua. Unpublished Report #05613-3-P, Behavior Analysis Laboratory, Univ. of Michigan.

Crystal, David. 1969a. Prosodie Systems and Intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. (Parts of Ch. 5 reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, but page references herein are to original.)

—— 1969b. A Forgotten English Tone: An Alternative Analysis. Maître Phonétique 84: 34-37.

—— 1969c. Review of Halliday 1967a. Language 45: 378-393.

—— 1975. The English Tone of Voice. London: Arnold.

Cutler, Anne. 1977. The Context-Dependence of ‘Intonational Meanings’. In Papers from the 13th Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 104-115.

Cutler, Anne, and Stephen D. Isard. 1978. The Production of Prosody. In B. Butterworth, ed., Language Production. New York: Academic Press.

Daneš, František. 1960. Sentence Intonation from a Functional Point of View. Word 16: 34-54.

—— 1967. Order of Elements and Sentence Intonation. In To Honour Roman Jakobson, pp. 499-512. The Hague: Mouton. Reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 216-232.

Delattre, Pierre. 1963. Comparing the Prosodie Features of English, German, Spanish, and French. International Review of Applied Linguistics 1:193-210.

—— 1966. Les Dix Intonations de Base du Français. French Review 40: 1-14.

—— 1972. The Distinctive Function of Intonation. In Bolinger 1972a, pp. 159-174.

Downing, Bruce. 1970. Syntactic Structure and Phonological Phrasing in English. Dissertation, University of Texas.

Faure, Georges. 1962. Recherches sur les caractères et le rôle des éléments musieaux dans la prononciation anglaise. Paris: Didier.

Fox, Anthony. 1969. A Forgotten English Tone. Maître Phonétique 84: 13-14.

—— 1970. The Forgotten Tone: A Reply. Maître Phonétique 85: 29-31.

Fries, Charles C. 1964. On the Intonation of ‘Yes/No’ Questions in English. In Abercrombie et al., pp. 242-254.

Fry, D. В. 1955. Duration and Intensity as Physical Correlates of Linguistic Stress. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 27: 765-769.

—— 1958. Experiments in the Perception of Stress. Language and Speech 1:126-152.

Gage, William. 1958. Grammatical Structures in American English Intonation. Dissertation, Cornell University.

Garcia, Erica. 1975. The Role of Theory in Linguistic Analysis: The Spanish Pronoun System. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Gardiner, Duncan. 1977. Two Assumptions in the Study of Intonation. Paper read at LSA Annual Meeting, Chicago.

Gårding, Eva, and Louis J. Gerstman. 1960. The Effects of Changes in Location of an Intonation Peak on Sentence Stress. Studia Linguistica 14: 57-59.

Gary, Norman. 1976. A Discourse Analysis of Certain Root Transformations in English. Formerly distributed by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington.

Gibbon, Dafydd. 1976a. Perspectives of Intonation Analysis (Forum Linguisticum, vol. 9). Bern: Lang.

—— 1976b. Performatory Categories in Contrastive Intonation Analysis. In D. Chițoran, ed., 2d Intl. Conference of English Contrastive Projects, Bucharest, pp. 145-156. Bucharest: University Press and Arlington, Va.: Center for Applied Linguistics.

Glenn, Marilyn. 1977. The Pragmatic Function of Intonation. Paper read at LSA Annual Meeting, Chicago.

Goldsmith, John. 1976. Autosegmental Phonology. Dissertation, MIT. Distrib-uted by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington.

Greenberg, S. Robert. 1969. An Experimental Study of Certain Intonation Contrasts in American English. Los Angeles: UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, no. 13.

Gunter, Richard. 1966. On the Placement of Accent in Dialogue: A Feature of Context Grammar. Journal of Linguistics 2: 159-179. Reprinted in Gunter 1974a.

—— 1972. Intonation and Relevance. In Bolinger 1972a, 194-215. Reprinted in Gunter 1974a. (Page references are to Bolinger 1972a version.)

—— 1974a. Sentences in Dialog. Columbia, S.C.: Hornbeam Press.

—— 1974b. Context Grammar and Relevance. In Gunter 1974a.

—— 1976. Review of Lieberman 1967. Language in Society 5: 390-401.

Hadding-Koch, Kerstin, and Michael Studdert-Kennedy. 1964. An Experimental Study of Some Intonation Contours. Phonetica 11: 175-185. Reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 348-358.

Halle, Morris, and S. J. Keyser. 1971. English Stress: Its Form, Its Growth, Its Role in Verse. New York: Harper & Row.

Halliday, M. A. K. 1967a. Intonation and Grammar in British English. The Hague: Mouton.

—— 1967b. Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English (Part II). Journal of Linguistics 3: 199-244.

Hillier, Sir Walter. 1910. The Chinese Language, and How to Learn It. London: Kegan Paul.

Hirst, D. J. 1974. Intonation and Context. Linguistics 141: 5-16.

Hirst, D. J., and M. Ginésy. 1974. An Approach to the Integration of Intonation into the Syntactic Description of English. Linguistics 121: 45-55.

Hockett, Charles F. 1955. A Manual of Phonology (Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics, no. 11), Bloomington.

—— 1958. A Course in Modern Linguistics. New York: Macmillan.

—— 1977. Some Historical Notes on Autonomous Phonology. Paper read at Symposium on Autonomous Phonology, LSA Annual Meeting, Chicago.

Householder, Fred. 1957. Accent, Juncture, Intonation, and My Grandfathers Reader. Word 13: 234-245.

Howie, J. M. 1976. Acoustical Studies of Mandarin Vowels and Tones. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Hultzén, Lee. 1956. ‘The Poet Burns’ Again. American Speech 31: 195-201.

—— 1959. Information Points in Intonation. Phonetica 4: 107-120.

Jackendoff, Ray S. 1972. Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Jakobson, Roman. 1971. Shifters, Verbal Categories, and the Russian Verb. In Selected Writings II. The Hague: Mouton.

Jakobson, Roman, and Morris Halle. 1971. Fundamentals of Language, 2d ed. The Hague: Mouton.

Jassem, Wiktor. 1952. Intonation of Conversational English (Educated Southern British) (Travaux de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Wroclaw, Seria A, no. 45), Wroclaw.

Jones, Daniel. 1909. Intonation Curves. Leipzig and Berlin: Teubner.

Joos, Martin. 1962. The Five Clocks. New York: Harcourt Brace & World.

Kac, Michael В. 1978. Corepresentation of Grammatical Structure. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press.

Kaplan, Eleanor. 1969. The Role of Intonation in the Acquisition of Language. Dissertation, Cornell University.

Kingdon, Roger. 1939. Tonetic Stress Markers for English. Maître Phonétique 54: 60-64.

—— 1958. The Groundwork of English Intonation. London: Longmans.

Ladd, D. Robert, Jr. 1977. The Function of the Α-Rise Accent in English. Formerly distributed by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington.

—— 1978. Stylized Intonation. Language 54: 517-540.

—— 1979. Light and Shadow: A Study of the Syntax and Semantics of Sentence Accent in English. In L. Waugh and F. van Coetsem, eds., Contributions to Grammatical Analysis: Semantics and Syntax. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Ladefoged, Peter. 1967. Linguistic Phonetics. Los Angeles: UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, no. 6.

Lakoff, George. 1972. The Global Nature of the Nuclear Stress Rule. Language 48: 285-303.

Lakoff, Robin. 1972. Language in Context. Language 48: 907-927.

—— 1975. Language and Woman’s Place. New York: Harper & Row.

Lane, H. L. 1965. The Motor Theory of Speech Perception: A Critical Review. Psychological Review 72: 275-309.

Lashley, Karl. 1951. The Problem of Serial Order in Behavior. In L. A. Jeffress, ed. Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Leben, William. 1976. The Tones in English Intonation. Linguistic Analysis 2: 69-107.

Lee, W. R. 1956a. English Intonation: A New Approach. Lingua 5: 345-37¹.

—— 1956b. Fall-Rise Intonations in English. English Studies 37: 62-72.

—— forthcoming. A Point about the Rise-Endings and Fall-Endings of Yes/No Questions. To appear in Waugh and van Schooneveld.

Lehiste, Isle. 1970. Suprasegmentals. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Lenneberg, Eric. 1967. Biological Foundations of Language. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Léon, Pierre, Georges Faure, and André Rigault, eds., 1970. Prosodie Feature Analysis (Studia Phonetica, Vol. 3), Montréal: Didier.

Léon, Pierre, and Philippe Martin. 1970.Prolégomènes à l’étude des structures intonatives (Studia Phonetica, Vol. 2), Montréal: Didier. (Portions appear in translation in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 30-47.)

Lewis, J. W. 1970. The Tonal System of Remote Speech. Maître Phonétique 85: 31-36.

Li, Charles, and Sandra Thompson. 1978. The Acquisition of Tone. In V. Fromkin, ed., Tone: A Linguistic Survey. New York: Academic Press, pp. 271-284.

Liberman, A. M., K. S. Harris, H. S. Hoffman, and B. C. Griffith. 1957. The Discrimination of Speech Sounds within and across Phoneme Boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology 54: 358-368.

Liberman, Mark. 1978. The Intonational System of English. Dissertation, MIT. Distributed by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington.

Liberman, Mark, and Alan Prince. 1977. On Stress and Linguistic Rhythm. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 249-336.

Liberman, Mark, and Ivan Sag. 1974. Prosodie Form and Discourse Function. In Papers from the 10th Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 416-427.

Lieberman, Philip. 1965. On the Acoustic Basis of the Perception of Intonation by Linguists. Word 21: 40-54.

—— 1967. Intonation, Perception, and Language. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. (Paperback edition 1975.)

—— 1976. Review of Crystal 1969a. Language 52: 508-511.

Lieberman, Philip, and Sheldon Michaels. 1962. Some Aspects of Fundamental Frequency and Envelope Amplitude as Related to the Emotional Content of Speech. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 34: 922-927. Reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 235-249.

Malone, Kemp. 1926. Pitch Patterns in English. Studies in Philology 23: 371-379.

Martin, James G. 1972. Rhythmic (Hierarchical) versus Serial Structure in Speech and other Behavior. Psychological Review 79: 487-509.

Martin, Philippe, ms. Syntax and Intonation: An Integrated Theory. Toronto Semiotic Circle Prepublication.

Mol, H., and E. Uhlenbeck. 1956. The Linguistic Relevance of Intensity in Stress. Lingua 5: 205-213.

Nash, Rose, and Anthony Mulac. forthcoming. The Intonation of Verifiability. To appear in Waugh and van Schooneveld.

Newman, Stanley. 1946. On the Stress System of English. Word 2: 171-187.

Nida, Eugene A. 1948. The Identification of Morphemes. Language 24:414-441. Reprinted in M. Joos, ed., Readings in Linguistics, I. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1957.

O’Connor, J. D., and G. F. Arnold. 1961. Intonation of Colloquial English. London: Longmans.

Osgood, C. E., G. J. Suci, and P. H. Tannenbaum. 1957. The Measurement of Meaning. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press.

Osser, Henry A. 1964. A ‘Distinctive Features’ Analysis of the Vocal Communication of Emotion. Dissertation, Cornell University.

Palmer, Harold. 1922. English Intonation, with Systematic Exercises. Cambridge: Heffer.

Peck, Charles. 1969. An Acoustic Investigation of American English Intonation.Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Phonetics Lab.

Pike, Kenneth L. 1945. The Intonation of American English. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press. (Portions of Section 3 reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, PP. 53-82, but page references herein are to the original version.)

Pilch, H. 1970. The Elementary Intonation Contour of English: A Phonemic Analysis. Phonetica 22: 82-111.

Pittenger, R. E., С. F. Hockett, and J. J. Danehy. 1960. The First Five Minutes. Ithaca, N.Y.: Martineau.

Pope [Rando], Emily. 1972. Questions and Answers in English. Dissertation, MIT.

Rando, Emily, forthcoming. Intonation in Discourse. To appear in Waugh and van Schooneveld.

Reid, Wallis. 1976. The Quantitative Validation of a Grammatical System: The passé simple and the imparfait. In Papers from the 7th Annual Meeting, Northeast Linguistic Society.

Sag, Ivan, and Mark Liberman. 1975. The Intonational Disambiguation of Indirect Speech Acts. InPapers from the 11th Regional Meeting, Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 487-497.

Schane, Sanford. 1977. The Rhythmic Nature of English Word Stress. Paper read at LSA Annual Meeting, Chicago.

Schmerling, Susan F. 1974. A Re-examination of Normal Stress. Language 50: 66-73.

—— 1976. Aspects of English Sentence Stress. Austin: Univ. of Texas Press.

Schubiger, Maria. 1956. Again: Fall-Rise Intonations in English. English Studies 37: 157-160.

—— 1958. English Intonation: Its Form and Function. Tübingen: Max Nie-meyer.

—— 1964. The Interplay and Cooperation of Word Order and Intonation in English. In Abercrombie et al., pp. 255-265.

—— 1965. English Intonation and German Modal Particles: A Comparative Study. Phonetica 12: 65-84. Reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 175-193.

—— forthcoming. English Intonation and German Modal Particles: A Contrastive Study II. To appear in Waugh and van Schooneveld.

Sharp, Alan E. 1958. Falling-Rising Intonation Patterns in English. Phonetica 2: 127-152.

Shibatani, Masayoshi. 1977. Grammatical Relations and Surface Cases. Language 53: 789-809.

Sledd, James. 1955. Review of Trager and Smith 1951. Language 31: 312-335.

—— 1956. Superfixes and Intonation Patterns. Litera 3: 35-41.

Smith, Henry Lee. 1955. Review of Jassem 1952. Language 31: 189-193.

Stetson, R. H. 1951. Motor Phonetics. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

Stockwell, Robert, 1960. The Place of Intonation in a Generative Grammar of English. Language 36: 360-367.

—— 1972. The Role of Intonation: Reconsiderations and Other Considerations. In Bolinger 1972a, pp. 87-109.

Sweet, Henry. 1892. New English Grammar, Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Trager, George L. 1964. The Intonation System of American English. In Abercrombie et al., pp. 266-270. Reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 83-86.

Trager, George L., and Henry Lee Smith. 1951. Outline of English Structure. Norman, Okla.: Battenburg Press. (Revised edition 1957, Washington: American Council of Learned Societies.)

Twaddell, W. Freeman. 1953. Stetson’s Model and the Suprasegmental Phonemes. Language 29: 415-453.

Uldall, Elizabeth. 1964. Dimensions of Meaning in Intonation. In Abercrombie et al., 271-279. Reprinted in Bolinger 1972a, pp. 250-259.

Vanderslice, Ralph. 1968. Synthetic Elocution: Considerations in Automatic Orthographic-to-Phonetic Conversion of English, with Special Reference to Prosodie Features. Los Angeles: UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, no. 8.

—— 1970. Occam’s Razor and the So-Called Stress Cycle. Language Sciences 13: 9-15.

—— 1977. Accent, Emphasis, and Intonation. Paper read at Int’l Linguistic Association Meeting, New York, 8 Oct. 1977.

Vanderslice, Ralph, and Peter Ladefoged. 1972. Binary Suprasegmental Features and Transformational Word-Accentuation Rules. Language 48: 819-838.

Walton, A. Ronald. 1976. Syllable and Tone in Chinese. Dissertation, Cornell University.

Wang, William. 1967. The Phonological Features of Tone. International Journal of American Linguistics 33: 93-105.

Waugh, Linda R. 1976. The Semantics and Paradigmatics of Word Order. Language 52: 82-107.

Waugh, Linda R., and C. H. van Schooneveld, eds. forthcoming. The Melody of Language: Intonation and Prosody. Baltimore: University Park Press.

Wells, Rulon S. 1945. The Pitch Phonemes of English. Language 21: 27-40.

Wode, Henning. 1966. Englische Satzintonation. Phonetica 15: 129-218.

Woo, Nancy. 1969. Prosody and Phonology. Dissertation, MIT. Formerly distribu ted by Indiana University Linguistics Club, Bloomington.